Ян Шапиро
Biographic Data
| ID | 4166045 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ян Шапиро |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ян |
| FAMILY NAME | Шапиро |
| SIGNATURE | ШАПИРО Я |
| AFFILIATIONS | Yale University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6587-1294 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 58 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 407 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 58 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1963 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
The political economy of fiscal responsibility
The Disparate and Durable Effects of Mail Voting Restrictions: Evidence from Texas
On Fertile Ground: How Racial Resentment Primes White Americans To Believe Fraud Accusations
The New Authoritarianism in Public Choice
Much early public choice theory focused on alleged pathologies of democratic legislatures, portraying them as irrational, manipulable, or subject to capture. Recent years have seen the emergence of a new strand of argument, reaffirming the old skepticism of legislatures but suggesting that transferring power from legislatures to chief executives offers a solution. Just as the earlier prescriptions ignored the pathologies of the agencies empowered…
Chapter 17 Democracy and Inequality
Note on the Text
Political Parties and Public Policy
Failures of representation and democracy cannot be solved by weakening parties. Rather, democratic success requires political competition among strong parties that can identify and defend the broad interests of the community as a whole. The fragmentation of political parties reduces spending on public goods, and weakening party discipline diminishes political accountability.
Reply to Ackerly, Boyte, Fishkin, Levine, and Warnke
Here I reply to critiques of my 2016 book Politics against Domination set forth by Brooke Ackerly, Harry Boyte, James Fishkin, Peter Levine, and Georgia Warnke. Among the themes addressed are different ways of managing power relations in public and civil institutions; the relevance of lived experiences of those involved in power relations for evaluating them; the efficacy of social movements as vehicles for lasting social change; the advantages a…
Responsible Parties: Saving Democracy from Itself
Collusion in Restraint of Democracy: Against Political Deliberation
Recent calls to inject substantial doses of deliberation into democratic politics rest on a misdiagnosis of its infirmities. Far from improving political outcomes, deliberation undermines competition over proposed political programs–the lifeblood of healthy democratic politics. Moreover, institutions that are intended to encourage deliberation are all too easily hijacked by people with intense preferences and abundant resources, who can deploy th…
Politics against Domination
Ian Shapiro makes a compelling case that the purpose of politics should be to combat domination, and he shows what this means in practice at home and abroad. This is a major work of applied political theory, a profound challenge to utopian visions, and a guide to fundamental problems of justice and distribution
Against Impartiality
People often identify justice with impartiality. This reflects reality: many who experience injustice complain of biased treatment. But whether bias is objectionable depends on a prior commitment to an ideal of nondomination. I advance this claim by reference to impartiality arguments defended by Brian Barry and Amartya Sen. Then I sketch a historical account of impartialist ventures that shows why they once appealed but are such a tough sell tod…
Transforming Power Relationships: Leadership, Risk, and Hope
Chronic communal conflicts often embody prisoner's dilemmas. Both communities prefer peace to war. Yet neither trusts the other, viewing the other's gain as its loss, so potentially shared interests often go unrealized. Achieving positive-sum outcomes from apparently zero-sum struggles requires a particular kind of risk-embracing leadership. To succeed leaders must (a) see power relations as potentially positive-sum, (b) strengthen negotiating ad…
On Non-domination
My aim here is to defend a view of non-domination as providing a better basis for justice than the going alternatives. I differentiate it from two kinds of alternatives: those whose proponents reject my claim that non-domination is the bedrock of justice and those who agree with me but understand non-domination differently than I do. The first group divides into partisans of equality, on the one hand, and of freedom, on the other. Their arguments…
Reflections on Skinner and Pettit
This article discusses the concepts of freedom and liberty that Skinner and Pettit identify in Hobbes, and takes issue with them
The State of Democratic Theory
What should we expect from democracy, and how likely is it that democracies will live up to those expectations? In The State of Democratic Theory , Ian Shapiro offers a critical assessment of contemporary answers to these questions, lays out his distinctive alternative, and explores its implications for policy and political action. Some accounts of democracy's purposes focus on aggregating preferences; others deal with collective deliberation in …
Democracy's Edges
1. Introduction Ian Shapiro and Casiano Hacker-Cordon Part I: 2. Can international organizations be democratic? A skeptic's view Robert A. Dahl 3. A comment on Dahl's skepticism James Tobin 4. The democratic order, economic globalization and ecological restrictions - on the relation of material and formal democracy Elman Altvater 5. Democracy and collective bads Russell Hardin 6. The transformation of political community: rethinking democracy in …
Tyranny and Democracy: Reflections on Some Recent Literature
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Ian Shapiro
The books under review reveal considerable agreement about suicide bombers. Yet there is a significant gap between the scholarly consensus they embody and widespread perceptions about the subject. We learn, for example, that suicide missions are as old as the hills. We learn that there is no particular link between the propensity to engage in suicide attacks or other forms of extreme terrorism and religious belief—let alone belief in Islamic fund…
Notes on the Political Psychology of Redistribution
Ian Shapiro Notes on the Political Psychology of Redistribution CONSIDER THIS: A PERSON TOWARD WHOM YOU ARE NOT ILL DISPOSED asks you to do something for him that you do not have to do. Responding to the request requires effort, but it is not massively burdensome. You do it willingly. This is followed by another modest request from the same person. Again you comply. A third request follows. You do it again, but now you start to become grumpy. Aft…
The Flight From Reality: A Response to Gunnell, Hardin, Shapiro, and Laitin
Research Article| January 01 2006 The Flight From Reality: A Response to Gunnell, Hardin, Shapiro, and Laitin Ian Shapiro Ian Shapiro Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google The Good Society (2006) 15 (1): 31–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/20711236 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Ian Shapiro; The Flight From Reality: A Response to Gunnell, Hardin, Shapiro, and Laitin. The Good Society 1 Jan…
The Flight from Reality in the Human Sciences
On the Second Edition of Lukes' Third Face
In this article I argue for two propositions. The first is that Lukes has established the possibility of power's third face, but that the most interesting social science questions about it are empirical: How often does it operate and under what conditions? These are topics for empirical research, not armchair reflection. The second proposition I defend is that the most interesting normative questions about power are best thought of as questions o…
The State of Democratic Theory: A reply to James Fishkin
I respond to Fishkin’s critique of my book The State of Democratic Theory (Princeton University Press 2003). I reiterate my defense of a competitive model of democracy geared to reducing domination, rather than Fishkin’s deliberative model that deploys structured discussion to enlighten mass preferences. In light of the literatures on framing effects and the value of mutually independent judgments, I question whether the procedures Fishkin recomm…
Problems and Prospects for Democratic Settlements: South Africa as a Model for the Middle East and Northern Ireland
Intense ethnic, racial, and religious violence led many to classify South Africa, Northern Ireland, and Israel/Palestine as intractable conflicts. Yet they diverged, with only South Africa achieving a lasting settlement. The authors explain why. The authors analyze them as a distinctive type of negotiated transition. The ancién regime is an imperfect democracy, subject to electoral constraints and legitimated by democratic principles that it viol…
Problems, Methods, and Theories in the Study of Politics, or What's Wrong with Political Science and What to Do About it
Our mandate is to engage in navel-gazing about the condition of political theory. I confess that I find myself uncomfortable with this charge because I think political theorists have become altogether too narcissistic over the past half-century. Increasingly, they have come to see themselves as engaged in a specialized activity distinct from the rest of political science-either a bounded subdiscipline within it or an alternative to it. Political …
The State of Democratic Theory
What should we expect from democracy, and how likely is it that democracies will live up to those expectations? In The State of Democratic Theory , Ian Shapiro offers a critical assessment of contemporary answers to these questions, lays out his distinctive alternative, and explores its implications for policy and political action. Some accounts of democracy's purposes focus on aggregating preferences; others deal with collective deliberation in …
South Africa's Negotiated Transition: Democracy, Opposition, and the New Constitutional Order
The Difference that Realism Makes: Social Science and the Politics of Consent
Collusion in Restraint of Democracy: Against Political Deliberation
Recent calls to inject substantial doses of deliberation into democratic politics rest on a misdiagnosis of its infirmities. Far from improving political outcomes, deliberation undermines competition over proposed political programs–the lifeblood of healthy democratic politics. Moreover, institutions that are intended to encourage deliberation are all too easily hijacked by people with intense preferences and abundant resources, who can deploy th…
Optimal Deliberation
Three Ways to be a Democrat
Exploration de la question des rapports entre les demandes de justice et les pratiques de la politique democratique, esquisse d'une reponse
On Non-domination
My aim here is to defend a view of non-domination as providing a better basis for justice than the going alternatives. I differentiate it from two kinds of alternatives: those whose proponents reject my claim that non-domination is the bedrock of justice and those who agree with me but understand non-domination differently than I do. The first group divides into partisans of equality, on the one hand, and of freedom, on the other. Their arguments…
Pathologies revisited: Reflections on our critics
More than three decades after its advent in political science, rational choice theory has yet to add appreciably to the stock of knowledge about politics. In Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory we traced this failure to methodological defects rooted in the aspiration to come up with universal theories of politics. After responding to criticisms of our argument, we elaborate on our earlier recommendations about how to improve the quality of rati…
Transforming Power Relationships: Leadership, Risk, and Hope
Chronic communal conflicts often embody prisoner's dilemmas. Both communities prefer peace to war. Yet neither trusts the other, viewing the other's gain as its loss, so potentially shared interests often go unrealized. Achieving positive-sum outcomes from apparently zero-sum struggles requires a particular kind of risk-embracing leadership. To succeed leaders must (a) see power relations as potentially positive-sum, (b) strengthen negotiating ad…
Gross Concepts in Political Argument
POLITICAL THEORISTS OFTEN fail to appreciate that any claim about how politics is to be organized must be a relational claim involving agents, actions, legitimacy, and ends. If they did, they would see that to defend the standard contending views in many of the controversies that occupy them is silly. In what follows I work through a number of debates about the nature of right, law, autonomy, utility, freedom, virtue, and justice, showing this to…
On the Second Edition of Lukes' Third Face
In this article I argue for two propositions. The first is that Lukes has established the possibility of power's third face, but that the most interesting social science questions about it are empirical: How often does it operate and under what conditions? These are topics for empirical research, not armchair reflection. The second proposition I defend is that the most interesting normative questions about power are best thought of as questions o…
Elements of Democratic Justice
Definition d'une justice democratique fondee sur l'autogestion collective et sur l'institutionnalisation de l'opposition. L'A. mesure les implications de cette conception democratique de la justice sociale sur le fonctionnement de l'etat (mesures prises pour les biens publics, role du discours juridique dans l'argument pour la justice democratique
Resources, Capacities, and Ownership: The Workmanship Ideal and Distributive Justice
Though the Earth, and all inferior Creatures be common to all Men, yet every Man has a Property in his own Person. This no Body has any Right to but himself. The Labour of his Body, and the Work of his hands, we may say, are properly his. Whatsoever then he removes out of the State that Nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his Labour with, and joyned it to something that is his own, and thereby makes it his Property. It being by hi…
Responsible Parties: Saving Democracy from Itself
Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory: A Critique of Applications in Political Science
This is the first comprehensive critical evaluation of the use of rational choice theory in political science. Writing in an accessible and nontechnical style, Donald P. Green and Ian Shapiro assess rational choice theory where it is reputed to be most successful: the study of collective action, the behavior of political parties and politicians, and such phenomena as voting cycles and Prisoner's Dilemmas. In their hard-hitting critique, Green and…
The State of Democratic Theory: A reply to James Fishkin
I respond to Fishkin’s critique of my book The State of Democratic Theory (Princeton University Press 2003). I reiterate my defense of a competitive model of democracy geared to reducing domination, rather than Fishkin’s deliberative model that deploys structured discussion to enlighten mass preferences. In light of the literatures on framing effects and the value of mutually independent judgments, I question whether the procedures Fishkin recomm…
Choix rationnels et politique: Pourquoi en Savons-Nous Toujours Aussi Peu
Choix rationnels et politique. Pourquoi en savons-nous toujours aussi peu? Donald P. Green, Ian Shapiro. Cette critique de la contribution de la théorie des choix rationnels à la science politique, fondée sur une étude empirique, entend montrer que, à ce jour, les partisans de la méthodologie des choix rationnels ont peu apporté à notre connaissance de la vie politique. L'échec de ces théories est dû à un syndrome de déficiences méthodologiques r…
On Fertile Ground: How Racial Resentment Primes White Americans To Believe Fraud Accusations
Problems and Prospects for Democratic Settlements: South Africa as a Model for the Middle East and Northern Ireland
Intense ethnic, racial, and religious violence led many to classify South Africa, Northern Ireland, and Israel/Palestine as intractable conflicts. Yet they diverged, with only South Africa achieving a lasting settlement. The authors explain why. The authors analyze them as a distinctive type of negotiated transition. The ancién regime is an imperfect democracy, subject to electoral constraints and legitimated by democratic principles that it viol…
South African Democracy Revisited: A Reply to Koelble and Reynolds
Against Impartiality
People often identify justice with impartiality. This reflects reality: many who experience injustice complain of biased treatment. But whether bias is objectionable depends on a prior commitment to an ideal of nondomination. I advance this claim by reference to impartiality arguments defended by Brian Barry and Amartya Sen. Then I sketch a historical account of impartialist ventures that shows why they once appealed but are such a tough sell tod…
Group Aspirations and Democratic Politics
The Nature of Contemporary Political Science: A Roundtable Discussion
What is the nature of contemporary political science? What shared concerns bind us together as a discipline, providing a common definition and direction to our intellectual enterprise? These questions were on my mind as I organized the section on formal and normative political theory for the 1989 APSA meetings. Initially, I had wanted to sponsor a panel to address the nature of formal and normative theory. I knew I was a bit uncertain about the p…
The Soviet Legal System. Post-Stalin Documentation and Historical Commentary
Journal Article The Soviet Legal System. Post-Stalin Documentation and Historical Commentary Get access The Soviet Legal System. Post-Stalin Documentation and Historical Commentary.Hazard J. N.— Hapiro I.(Parts I—III). Parker School Studies in Foreign and Comparative Law. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1962. Pp. 186; 235; 174. Kazimierz Grzybowski Kazimierz Grzybowski *Visiting Professor, Yale Law School Search for other works by thi…
Fiscal crisis of the Polish state: Genesis of the 1980 strikes
Stagflation and the New Right
The economic policies of the New Right in Britain and in the US rest on a novel analysis of the current stagflation and generate prescriptions counter to the Keynesian wisdom that has dominated economic policy making since the war. Despite differences between the fiscal and tariff policies of the Reagan and Thatcher administrations, and despite the fact the some of these policies were in fact begun by the previous Carter and Callaghan administrat…
Gross Concepts in Political Argument
POLITICAL THEORISTS OFTEN fail to appreciate that any claim about how politics is to be organized must be a relational claim involving agents, actions, legitimacy, and ends. If they did, they would see that to defend the standard contending views in many of the controversies that occupy them is silly. In what follows I work through a number of debates about the nature of right, law, autonomy, utility, freedom, virtue, and justice, showing this to…
Constructing Politics
J. G. A. Pocock's republicanism and political theory: A critique and reinterpretation
A growing sense of the exhaustion of both liberalism and Marxism has fueled a revival of interest in civic republicanism among historians, political theorists, and social commentators. This turn is evaluated via an examination of the normative implications off. G. A. Pocock's account of civic republicanism. Arguing that what is at issue between liberals and republicans has been misunderstood by both sides in the debate, the author shows that the …
The Nature of Contemporary Political Science: A Roundtable Discussion
What is the nature of contemporary political science? What shared concerns bind us together as a discipline, providing a common definition and direction to our intellectual enterprise? These questions were on my mind as I organized the section on formal and normative political theory for the 1989 APSA meetings. Initially, I had wanted to sponsor a panel to address the nature of formal and normative theory. I knew I was a bit uncertain about the p…
Resources, Capacities, and Ownership: The Workmanship Ideal and Distributive Justice
Though the Earth, and all inferior Creatures be common to all Men, yet every Man has a Property in his own Person. This no Body has any Right to but himself. The Labour of his Body, and the Work of his hands, we may say, are properly his. Whatsoever then he removes out of the State that Nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his Labour with, and joyned it to something that is his own, and thereby makes it his Property. It being by hi…
Workmanship Revisited: Reply to Professor Murphy
PROFESSOR MURPHY AND I are agreed that the workmanship ideal as formulated by Locke supplies an inadequate basis for reasoning about distributive justice. We are also agreed that consequentialist considerations should play a role in (1) reasoning about distributive justice generally and (2) evaluating the advantages and limitations of the workmanship ideal. We differ in our accounts of why Locke's theological defense of the workmanship ideal shou…
The Difference that Realism Makes: Social Science and the Politics of Consent
Democratic Innovation: South Africa in Comparative Context
This review essay of four recent books on democratic transitions is written from the standpoint of contemporary South African politics. Each of the books takes the Schumpetarian model of democratic politics for granted, and in the course of evaluating them the author explores the advantages and limitations of that model for thinking about the prospects for democracy in South Africa. He concludes that the Schumpeterian model diverts attention from…
Three Ways to be a Democrat
Exploration de la question des rapports entre les demandes de justice et les pratiques de la politique democratique, esquisse d'une reponse
Teoria Della Scelta Razionale E Scienza Politica: Un Incontro Con Pochi Frutti
IntroduzioneDalla pubblicazione diSocial Choice and Individual Valuesdi Kenneth Arrow nel 1951, si è avuta un'esplosione dell'approcciorational choicenegli studi di scienza politica. Negli anni Cinquanta e nei primi anni Sessanta, la teoria della scelta razionale rappresentava poco più di un ramo secondario all'interno di una disciplina – la scienza politica – dominata da varie forme di analisi behaviorista e istituzionalista. Oggi, di contro, es…
Pathologies revisited: Reflections on our critics
More than three decades after its advent in political science, rational choice theory has yet to add appreciably to the stock of knowledge about politics. In Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory we traced this failure to methodological defects rooted in the aspiration to come up with universal theories of politics. After responding to criticisms of our argument, we elaborate on our earlier recommendations about how to improve the quality of rati…
Choix rationnels et politique: Pourquoi en Savons-Nous Toujours Aussi Peu
Choix rationnels et politique. Pourquoi en savons-nous toujours aussi peu? Donald P. Green, Ian Shapiro. Cette critique de la contribution de la théorie des choix rationnels à la science politique, fondée sur une étude empirique, entend montrer que, à ce jour, les partisans de la méthodologie des choix rationnels ont peu apporté à notre connaissance de la vie politique. L'échec de ces théories est dû à un syndrome de déficiences méthodologiques r…
South Africa's Negotiated Transition: Democracy, Opposition, and the New Constitutional Order
South African Democracy Revisited: A Reply to Koelble and Reynolds
Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory: A Critique of Applications in Political Science
This is the first comprehensive critical evaluation of the use of rational choice theory in political science. Writing in an accessible and nontechnical style, Donald P. Green and Ian Shapiro assess rational choice theory where it is reputed to be most successful: the study of collective action, the behavior of political parties and politicians, and such phenomena as voting cycles and Prisoner's Dilemmas. In their hard-hitting critique, Green and…
Democracy's Place
Elements of Democratic Justice
Definition d'une justice democratique fondee sur l'autogestion collective et sur l'institutionnalisation de l'opposition. L'A. mesure les implications de cette conception democratique de la justice sociale sur le fonctionnement de l'etat (mesures prises pour les biens publics, role du discours juridique dans l'argument pour la justice democratique
Ethnicity and Group Rights: Nomos XXXIX
The Misunderstood Promise of Realist Social Theory
Group Aspirations and Democratic Politics
Can the Rational Choice Framework Cope with Culture
Editor's Note: This essay is drawn from a 1997 APSA Annual Meeting roundtable entitled “Can the Rational Choice Framework Cope with Culture?” It was presented by the Comparative Politics Division, chaired by Nancy Bermeo of Princeton University, and included, in addition to Ian Shapiro, Robert H. Bates of Harvard University, Ronald Inglehart of the University of Michigan, and Ian Lustick of the University of Pennsylvania . I do not believe it is …
Enough of Deliberation Politics Is about Interests and Power
Many of the substantive arguments in Democracy and Disagreement resonate favorably with me, but it should be said that this is not a particularly demanding test. To know how effective Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson’s deliberative model would be, either at reducing moral disagreement or at promoting accommodation of irresolvable differences in American politics, one would have to see it in action in debates among pro-lifers and prochoicers, parti…
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