Jen Snowball
Biographic Data
| ID | 4226560 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jen Snowball |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jen |
| FAMILY NAME | Snowball |
| SIGNATURE | SNOWBALL J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rhodes University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7497-6653 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 34 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 22 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Assessing the potential of the craft sector’s contribution to employment and gross domestic product in South Africa
Visual Arts and Crafts are promoted in many developing countries as having the potential to create employment and contribute to GDP. However, results of recent cultural and creative industries (CCI) mapping study in South Africa showed that, while the Visual Arts and Crafts (VAC) domain does indeed account for a large portion of cultural occupations, its contribution to GDP is small. This paper uses national-level data to gain a better understand…
Legal and illegal export of cultural heritage artefacts from developing countries
Cultural heritage is an important part of the capital of developing countries that can be leveraged for sustainable development. However, it also needs protection as the rise in the illegal trade of cultural artefacts shows. South Africa as an example of a middle-income African country that seeks to promote cultural heritage for development. As part of the attempt to preserve cultural capital, the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) i…
Online festival experiences, eventscapes and cultural value
As in many countries, lockdown measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa resulted in the large-scale cancellation of cultural festivals. To preserve business continuity, many festivals shifted to online events to continue providing value for audiences, sponsors and artists. This paper focuses on the experiences of two of the oldest and largest mixed festivals in the country: The National Arts Festival and the Klein Karoo Nationale…
Innovation and Diversity in the Digital Cultural and Creative Industries
The impact of Covid-19 on the cultural and creative industries
In many countries, lockdown regulations and social distancing have had a negative impact on the cultural and creative industries. As vaccination rates rise, and restrictions begin to ease, understanding the recovery paths for different parts of the sector in many contexts will be important. Much sector-specific research has been conducted, but there are far fewer studies that estimate the economy-wide impact of the lockdowns using quantitative te…
Festival value in multicultural contexts
Worldwide, the number and variety of cultural festivals have grown dramatically. Many areas see festivals as an important way to attract tourists, and their spending, to a region, resulting in a positive economic impact. While they offer important opportunities for artistic producers and audiences, there is growing pressure for festival organizers to demonstrate their value to society beyond their economic impact. Like many countries, South Afric…
Trine Bille, Anna Mignosa, Ruth Towse
Innovation and diversity in the digital cultural and creative industries
Ethics, values and legality in the restoration of cultural artefacts
As a relatively new democracy, South Africa is seeking ways to protect and promote its African heritage. As part of this process, there is increased interest in the repatriation of South African cultural artefacts, mostly taken during the colonial era, currently held in western museums. There are also increasing international calls for the repatriation of cultural artefacts from western museum collections back to their originating countries in th…
Examining restitution and repatriation options for cultural artefacts
This paper examines some of the ethical issues and repatriation options related to the return of museum artefacts taken from African countries, mostly during the colonial era. In the context of a relatively new democracy, like South Africa, determining the value of cultural artefacts held in foreign collections, and thus the urgency and priority of their repatriation, may be important. Using a value-based approach, this paper details the design a…
Creative industries micro-enterprises and informality
The Cultural and Creative Industries have great potential for providing employment and economic development, as has been demonstrated by a number of international studies. However, cultural firms tend to be small and employment is precarious, with a high level of informality and freelance work. This study investigates the characteristics of micro-enterprises who sew bespoke garments for individual customers using a particular South African textil…
Do the cultural industries offer labour market opportunities for women and youth? A global south case study
International research has found that, while the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) have the potential to grow more quickly than the rest of the economy, the kinds of jobs created may be informal, or short-term contract work, characterised by long and erratic working hours, periods of no, or low, pay, lack of job security, and high stress. This study adds to the limited research on conditions of cultural employment in the global South. Natio…
Cultural Clusters as a Local Economic Development Strategy in Rural Small-Town Areas
Theory suggests that cultural and creative industries (CCIs) cluster in cities where levels of socio-economic development are higher and where they can take advantage of the city’s hard and soft infrastructure. However, some South African rural areas and small towns have identified CCIs as potential economic drivers. This paper investigates the relationship between the presence of CCIs in non-metropolitan spaces and levels of socio-economic devel…
South Africa’s trade in cultural goods and services with a focus on cultural trade with BRICS partners
As the potential for cultural and creative industries to drive growth and job creation is increasingly recognised, developing countries like South Africa are examining their cultural goods and services trade in a new light. This article investigates the pattern of South Africa’s cultural trade, with a focus on the strategically important BRICS trading bloc. Results show that, like many small, open developing countries, South Africa has a signific…
Transformation and job creation in the cultural and creative industries in South Africa
The cultural and creative industries (CCIs) have been hailed as offering great potential to create jobs and to be socially inclusive. Since artistic success is defined by individual talent, or merit, the CCIs should be one sector that is especially open to, and appreciative of, social diversity in terms of race, class, cultural group and gender. However, as expected, recent studies in both the UK and the US have revealed that employment in the CC…
Transformation, job creation and subsidies to creative industries
Many governments have tried to stimulate economic growth via policy in the creative industries. South Africa is no different but additionally has an overarching aim of achieving social and labour market ‘transformation’ to move away from the legacy of the apartheid era. The effectiveness of incentives provided to the film and television sector in South Africa are considered in terms of their stated objectives of job creation, skills and knowledge…
Where angels fear to tread
In the context of widening participation, large classes and increased diversity, assessment of student learning is becoming increasingly problematic in that providing formative feedback aimed at developing student writing proves to be particularly laborious. Although the potential value of peer assessment has been well documented in the literature, the associated administrative burden, also in relation to managing anonymity and intellectual owner…
Cultural Consumption Patterns in South Africa
The experiences of Fringe producers at the South African National Arts Festival
Unlike the performing arts generally, festivals and special events have been growing in popularity worldwide: since the 1980s there has been an explosion of the number of festival of all types, not just arts festivals, but folk festivals, harvest festivals, food festivals, - the list is long. It is estimated that there are more than 300 festivals in the UK (British Federation of Festivals 2004), 1300 in Australia (Johnson et al 2005) and more tha…
The impact of a change in ticket price on the demand for university live theatre
This article examines the effects of an increase in the price of tickets at the Rhodes University Theatre on both students and others who attended the Young Directors' Season over a two-year period. Contrary to what most of the literature suggests, students were not found to have a very great responsiveness to a change in price (price inelastic demand) compared to others who attended. In this case, a rise in ticket price actually increased box of…
Breaking into the conversation
The paper examines the value of the South African National Arts Festival (NAF) in the transition to democracy using theories of cultural capital. NAF history from 1974 to 2004 is used to argue that the Festival provided an important arena for the expression of political resistance in the 1980s and, to some degree, continues to do so today. It is concluded that an important part of the value of the arts is their ability to provide a forum for deba…
Estimating the Marginal Utility of Different Sections of an Arts Festival
This paper applies choice experiments (CE) to value the utility visitors derive from various sections of the National Arts Festival held once a year in Grahamstown, South Africa. A brief survey of the method and its use to date in valuing cultural goods is provided. The CE conducted at the 2003 South African National Arts Festival is described. The results show that a conditional logit model performs very well in valuing Festival attributes and p…
Cultural Consumption Patterns in South Africa
Estimating the Marginal Utility of Different Sections of an Arts Festival
This paper applies choice experiments (CE) to value the utility visitors derive from various sections of the National Arts Festival held once a year in Grahamstown, South Africa. A brief survey of the method and its use to date in valuing cultural goods is provided. The CE conducted at the 2003 South African National Arts Festival is described. The results show that a conditional logit model performs very well in valuing Festival attributes and p…
The impact of Covid-19 on the cultural and creative industries
In many countries, lockdown regulations and social distancing have had a negative impact on the cultural and creative industries. As vaccination rates rise, and restrictions begin to ease, understanding the recovery paths for different parts of the sector in many contexts will be important. Much sector-specific research has been conducted, but there are far fewer studies that estimate the economy-wide impact of the lockdowns using quantitative te…
Do the cultural industries offer labour market opportunities for women and youth? A global south case study
International research has found that, while the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) have the potential to grow more quickly than the rest of the economy, the kinds of jobs created may be informal, or short-term contract work, characterised by long and erratic working hours, periods of no, or low, pay, lack of job security, and high stress. This study adds to the limited research on conditions of cultural employment in the global South. Natio…
Transformation and job creation in the cultural and creative industries in South Africa
The cultural and creative industries (CCIs) have been hailed as offering great potential to create jobs and to be socially inclusive. Since artistic success is defined by individual talent, or merit, the CCIs should be one sector that is especially open to, and appreciative of, social diversity in terms of race, class, cultural group and gender. However, as expected, recent studies in both the UK and the US have revealed that employment in the CC…
Transformation, job creation and subsidies to creative industries
Many governments have tried to stimulate economic growth via policy in the creative industries. South Africa is no different but additionally has an overarching aim of achieving social and labour market ‘transformation’ to move away from the legacy of the apartheid era. The effectiveness of incentives provided to the film and television sector in South Africa are considered in terms of their stated objectives of job creation, skills and knowledge…
Breaking into the conversation
The paper examines the value of the South African National Arts Festival (NAF) in the transition to democracy using theories of cultural capital. NAF history from 1974 to 2004 is used to argue that the Festival provided an important arena for the expression of political resistance in the 1980s and, to some degree, continues to do so today. It is concluded that an important part of the value of the arts is their ability to provide a forum for deba…
Ethics, values and legality in the restoration of cultural artefacts
As a relatively new democracy, South Africa is seeking ways to protect and promote its African heritage. As part of this process, there is increased interest in the repatriation of South African cultural artefacts, mostly taken during the colonial era, currently held in western museums. There are also increasing international calls for the repatriation of cultural artefacts from western museum collections back to their originating countries in th…
Online festival experiences, eventscapes and cultural value
As in many countries, lockdown measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa resulted in the large-scale cancellation of cultural festivals. To preserve business continuity, many festivals shifted to online events to continue providing value for audiences, sponsors and artists. This paper focuses on the experiences of two of the oldest and largest mixed festivals in the country: The National Arts Festival and the Klein Karoo Nationale…
Estimating the Marginal Utility of Different Sections of an Arts Festival
This paper applies choice experiments (CE) to value the utility visitors derive from various sections of the National Arts Festival held once a year in Grahamstown, South Africa. A brief survey of the method and its use to date in valuing cultural goods is provided. The CE conducted at the 2003 South African National Arts Festival is described. The results show that a conditional logit model performs very well in valuing Festival attributes and p…
The impact of a change in ticket price on the demand for university live theatre
This article examines the effects of an increase in the price of tickets at the Rhodes University Theatre on both students and others who attended the Young Directors' Season over a two-year period. Contrary to what most of the literature suggests, students were not found to have a very great responsiveness to a change in price (price inelastic demand) compared to others who attended. In this case, a rise in ticket price actually increased box of…
Breaking into the conversation
The paper examines the value of the South African National Arts Festival (NAF) in the transition to democracy using theories of cultural capital. NAF history from 1974 to 2004 is used to argue that the Festival provided an important arena for the expression of political resistance in the 1980s and, to some degree, continues to do so today. It is concluded that an important part of the value of the arts is their ability to provide a forum for deba…
The experiences of Fringe producers at the South African National Arts Festival
Unlike the performing arts generally, festivals and special events have been growing in popularity worldwide: since the 1980s there has been an explosion of the number of festival of all types, not just arts festivals, but folk festivals, harvest festivals, food festivals, - the list is long. It is estimated that there are more than 300 festivals in the UK (British Federation of Festivals 2004), 1300 in Australia (Johnson et al 2005) and more tha…
Cultural Consumption Patterns in South Africa
Where angels fear to tread
In the context of widening participation, large classes and increased diversity, assessment of student learning is becoming increasingly problematic in that providing formative feedback aimed at developing student writing proves to be particularly laborious. Although the potential value of peer assessment has been well documented in the literature, the associated administrative burden, also in relation to managing anonymity and intellectual owner…
Transformation, job creation and subsidies to creative industries
Many governments have tried to stimulate economic growth via policy in the creative industries. South Africa is no different but additionally has an overarching aim of achieving social and labour market ‘transformation’ to move away from the legacy of the apartheid era. The effectiveness of incentives provided to the film and television sector in South Africa are considered in terms of their stated objectives of job creation, skills and knowledge…
Transformation and job creation in the cultural and creative industries in South Africa
The cultural and creative industries (CCIs) have been hailed as offering great potential to create jobs and to be socially inclusive. Since artistic success is defined by individual talent, or merit, the CCIs should be one sector that is especially open to, and appreciative of, social diversity in terms of race, class, cultural group and gender. However, as expected, recent studies in both the UK and the US have revealed that employment in the CC…
Cultural Clusters as a Local Economic Development Strategy in Rural Small-Town Areas
Theory suggests that cultural and creative industries (CCIs) cluster in cities where levels of socio-economic development are higher and where they can take advantage of the city’s hard and soft infrastructure. However, some South African rural areas and small towns have identified CCIs as potential economic drivers. This paper investigates the relationship between the presence of CCIs in non-metropolitan spaces and levels of socio-economic devel…
South Africa’s trade in cultural goods and services with a focus on cultural trade with BRICS partners
As the potential for cultural and creative industries to drive growth and job creation is increasingly recognised, developing countries like South Africa are examining their cultural goods and services trade in a new light. This article investigates the pattern of South Africa’s cultural trade, with a focus on the strategically important BRICS trading bloc. Results show that, like many small, open developing countries, South Africa has a signific…
Do the cultural industries offer labour market opportunities for women and youth? A global south case study
International research has found that, while the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) have the potential to grow more quickly than the rest of the economy, the kinds of jobs created may be informal, or short-term contract work, characterised by long and erratic working hours, periods of no, or low, pay, lack of job security, and high stress. This study adds to the limited research on conditions of cultural employment in the global South. Natio…
Festival value in multicultural contexts
Worldwide, the number and variety of cultural festivals have grown dramatically. Many areas see festivals as an important way to attract tourists, and their spending, to a region, resulting in a positive economic impact. While they offer important opportunities for artistic producers and audiences, there is growing pressure for festival organizers to demonstrate their value to society beyond their economic impact. Like many countries, South Afric…
Trine Bille, Anna Mignosa, Ruth Towse
Innovation and diversity in the digital cultural and creative industries
Ethics, values and legality in the restoration of cultural artefacts
As a relatively new democracy, South Africa is seeking ways to protect and promote its African heritage. As part of this process, there is increased interest in the repatriation of South African cultural artefacts, mostly taken during the colonial era, currently held in western museums. There are also increasing international calls for the repatriation of cultural artefacts from western museum collections back to their originating countries in th…
Examining restitution and repatriation options for cultural artefacts
This paper examines some of the ethical issues and repatriation options related to the return of museum artefacts taken from African countries, mostly during the colonial era. In the context of a relatively new democracy, like South Africa, determining the value of cultural artefacts held in foreign collections, and thus the urgency and priority of their repatriation, may be important. Using a value-based approach, this paper details the design a…
Creative industries micro-enterprises and informality
The Cultural and Creative Industries have great potential for providing employment and economic development, as has been demonstrated by a number of international studies. However, cultural firms tend to be small and employment is precarious, with a high level of informality and freelance work. This study investigates the characteristics of micro-enterprises who sew bespoke garments for individual customers using a particular South African textil…
Innovation and Diversity in the Digital Cultural and Creative Industries
The impact of Covid-19 on the cultural and creative industries
In many countries, lockdown regulations and social distancing have had a negative impact on the cultural and creative industries. As vaccination rates rise, and restrictions begin to ease, understanding the recovery paths for different parts of the sector in many contexts will be important. Much sector-specific research has been conducted, but there are far fewer studies that estimate the economy-wide impact of the lockdowns using quantitative te…
Legal and illegal export of cultural heritage artefacts from developing countries
Cultural heritage is an important part of the capital of developing countries that can be leveraged for sustainable development. However, it also needs protection as the rise in the illegal trade of cultural artefacts shows. South Africa as an example of a middle-income African country that seeks to promote cultural heritage for development. As part of the attempt to preserve cultural capital, the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) i…
Online festival experiences, eventscapes and cultural value
As in many countries, lockdown measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa resulted in the large-scale cancellation of cultural festivals. To preserve business continuity, many festivals shifted to online events to continue providing value for audiences, sponsors and artists. This paper focuses on the experiences of two of the oldest and largest mixed festivals in the country: The National Arts Festival and the Klein Karoo Nationale…
Assessing the potential of the craft sector’s contribution to employment and gross domestic product in South Africa
Visual Arts and Crafts are promoted in many developing countries as having the potential to create employment and contribute to GDP. However, results of recent cultural and creative industries (CCI) mapping study in South Africa showed that, while the Visual Arts and Crafts (VAC) domain does indeed account for a large portion of cultural occupations, its contribution to GDP is small. This paper uses national-level data to gain a better understand…
Political science (18 works) · Cultural Industries and Urban Development (14 works) · Business (13 works) · Economics (13 works) · Sociology (12 works) · The arts (8 works) · Creative industries (6 works) · Geography (6 works) · Law (6 works) · Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research (5 works)