Mark D Shriver
Biographic Data
| ID | 4295874 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mark D Shriver |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mark D |
| FAMILY NAME | Shriver |
| SIGNATURE | SHRIVER M D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Pennsylvania State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0006-0479 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 59 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
The biology of human hair: A multidisciplinary review
In the last century, human scalp hair morphology has been studied from multiple, and sometimes mutually exclusive, perspectives by anthropologists, biologists, geneticists, forensic scientists, and cosmetic scientists. Here, we review and synthesize historical and current research on hair to better understand the scientific basis and biological implications of hair microstructure and morphology. We revisit the origins of existing nomenclature reg…
Shades of complexity: New perspectives on the evolution and genetic architecture of human skin
Like many highly variable human traits, more than a dozen genes are known to contribute to the full range of skin color. However, the historical bias in favor of genetic studies in European and European‐derived populations has blinded us to the magnitude of pigmentation's complexity. As deliberate efforts are being made to better characterize diverse global populations and new sequencing technologies, better measurement tools, functional assessme…
Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation
Scandinavia was one of the last geographic areas in Europe to become habitable for humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, the routes and genetic composition of these postglacial migrants remain unclear. We sequenced the genomes, up to 57× coverage, of seven hunter-gatherers excavated across Scandinavia and dated from 9,500-6,000 years before present (BP). Surprisingly, among the Scandinavian Mesolithic individuals, the genetic data…
Are there vocal cues to human developmental stability? Relationships between facial fluctuating asymmetry and voice attractiveness
A global reference for human genetic variation
The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations. Here we report completion of the project, having reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals from 26 populations using a combination of low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, deep exome sequencing, and dense microarray genotyping. We characterized…
Quantifying the strength and form of sexual selection on men's traits
Andean and Tibetan patterns of adaptation to high altitude
OBJECTIVES: High-altitude hypoxia, or decreased oxygen levels caused by low barometric pressure, challenges the ability of humans to live and reproduce. Despite these challenges, human populations have lived on the Andean Altiplano and the Tibetan Plateau for millennia and exhibit unique circulatory, respiratory, and hematological adaptations to life at high altitude. We and others have identified natural selection candidate genes and gene region…
Technical Note: Comparing von Luschan skin color tiles and modern spectrophotometry for measuring human skin pigmentation
Prior to the introduction of reflectance spectrophotometry into anthropological field research during the 1950s, human skin color was most commonly classified by visual skin color matching using the von Luschan tiles, a set of 36 standardized, opaque glass tiles arranged in a chromatic scale. Our goal was to establish a conversion formula between the tile‐based color matching method and modern reflectance spectrophotometry to make historical and …
Iris texture traits show associations with iris color and genomic ancestry
OBJECTIVES: This study seeks to identify associations among genomic biogeographic ancestry (BGA), quantitative iris color, and iris texture traits contributing to population-level variation in these phenotypes. METHODS: DNA and iris photographs were collected from 300 individuals across three variably admixed populations (Portugal, Brazil, and Cape Verde). Two raters scored the photos for pigmentation spots, Fuchs' crypts, contraction furrows, an…
The relationship between European genetic admixture and body composition among Hispanics and Native Americans
Previous studies have shown a relationship between health-related phenotypes and the degree of African, European, or Native American genetic admixture, indicating that there may be a genetic component to these phenotypes. However, these relationships may be driven to a large extent by the environmental differences that co-vary with admixture differences between and within groups. In this study, we examine the relationship between genetic admixtur…
Genetic admixture, self‐reported ethnicity, self‐estimated admixture, and skin pigmentation among Hispanics and Native Americans
The relationship between ethnicity and biology is of interest to anthropologists, biomedical scientists, and historians in understanding how human groups are constructed. Ethnic self‐identification in recently admixed groups such as Hispanics, African Americans, and Native Americans (NA) is likely to be complex due to the heterogeneity in individual admixture proportions and social environments within these groups. This study examines the relatio…
MGEA5 ‐14 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes in Mexico City
A family‐based study has recently reported that a variant located in intron 10 of the gene MGEA5 increases susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). We evaluated the distribution of this SNP in a sample of T2D patients ( N = 271) and controls ( N = 244) from Mexico City. The frequency of the T allele was higher in the cases (2.6%) than in the controls (1.8%). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, education, and individual ancestry the odds ratio was …
Skin and hair pigmentation variation in Island Melanesia
Skin and hair pigmentation are two of the most easily visible examples of human phenotypic variation. Selection‐based explanations for pigmentation variation in humans have focused on the relationship between melanin and ultraviolet radiation, which is largely dependent on latitude. In this study, skin and hair pigmentation were measured as the melanin (M) index, using narrow‐band reflectance spectroscopy for 1,135 individuals from Island Melanes…
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes reveal maternal population genetic affinities of Sea Island Gullah-speaking African Americans
To better understand the population substructure of African Americans living in coastal South Carolina, we used restriction site polymorphisms and an insertion/deletion in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to construct seven-position haplotypes across 1,395 individuals from Sierra Leone, Africa, from U.S. European Americans, and from the New World African-derived populations of Jamaica, Gullah-speaking African Americans of the South Carolina Sea Islands …
Admixture analysis of a rural population of the state of Guerrero, Mexico
We studied 156 individuals of Native American descent from the city of Tlapa in the state of Guerrero in western Mexico. Most individuals' ethnicity was either Nahua, Mixtec, or Tlapanec, but self‐identified Mestizos and individuals of mixed ethnicities were also included in the sample. We typed 24 autosomal, one Y‐chromosome, and four mitochondrial ancestry‐informative markers (AIMs) to estimate group and individual admixture proportions, and de…
Effects of birthplace and individual genetic admixture on lung volume and exercise phenotypes of Peruvian Quechua
Forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal exercise response were measured in two populations of Peruvian males (age, 18–35 years) at 4,338 m who differed by the environment in which they were born and raised, i.e., high altitude (Cerro de Pasco, Peru, BHA, n = 39) and sea level (Lima, Peru, BSL, n = 32). BSL subjects were transported from sea level to 4,338 m, and were evaluated within 24 hr of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Individual admixture le…
Skin pigmentation, biogeographical ancestry and admixture mapping
Ancestral proportions and admixture dynamics in geographically defined African Americans living in South Carolina
We analyzed admixture in samples of six different African-American populations from South Carolina: Gullah-speaking Sea Islanders in coastal South Carolina, residents of four counties in the "Low Country" (Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, and Dorchester), and persons living in the city of Columbia, located in central South Carolina. We used a battery of highly informative autosomal, mtDNA, and Y-chromosome markers. Two of the autosomal markers (FY…
Skin Reflectance in the Han Chinese and Tibetan Populations
Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the determination of skin pigmentation in humans. With the recent development of statistical and genetic tools in mapping complex traits in humans, it is becoming feasible to utilize such methods in identifying genes involved in skin pigmentation. Furthermore, the use of new portable reflectance spectroscopy instruments such as the Photovolt ColorWalk colorimeter allows researchers to measure skin…
Comparison of narrow-band reflectance spectroscopy and tristimulus colorimetry for measurements of skin and hair color in persons of different biological ancestry
We have used two modern computerized handheld reflectometers, the Photovolt ColorWalk colorimeter (a tristimulus colorimeter; Photovolt, UMM Electronics, Indianapolis, IN) and the DermaSpectrometer (a specialized narrow-band reflectometer; Cortex Technology, Hadsund, Denmark), to compare two methods for the objective determination of skin and hair color. These instruments both determine color by measuring the intensity of reflected light of parti…
Analysis of five y-Specific microsatellite loci in Asian and Pacific populations
We have analyzed five Y-specific microsatellite loci (DYS388, DYS390, DYS391, DYS394, DYS395) in 17 Asian and Pacific populations representing a broad geographical area and different linguistic families, with an emphasis on populations from mainland and insular Southeast Asia. Analysis of gene diversity indicates that several of the studied populations have experienced substantial genetic isolation, and a reduction in male effective sizes (viz. t…
Analysis of five y‐Specific microsatellite loci in Asian and Pacific populations
Estimating African American Admixture Proportions by Use of Population-Specific Alleles
Admixture analysis of a rural population of the state of Guerrero, Mexico
We studied 156 individuals of Native American descent from the city of Tlapa in the state of Guerrero in western Mexico. Most individuals' ethnicity was either Nahua, Mixtec, or Tlapanec, but self‐identified Mestizos and individuals of mixed ethnicities were also included in the sample. We typed 24 autosomal, one Y‐chromosome, and four mitochondrial ancestry‐informative markers (AIMs) to estimate group and individual admixture proportions, and de…
Genetic admixture, self‐reported ethnicity, self‐estimated admixture, and skin pigmentation among Hispanics and Native Americans
The relationship between ethnicity and biology is of interest to anthropologists, biomedical scientists, and historians in understanding how human groups are constructed. Ethnic self‐identification in recently admixed groups such as Hispanics, African Americans, and Native Americans (NA) is likely to be complex due to the heterogeneity in individual admixture proportions and social environments within these groups. This study examines the relatio…
Skin and hair pigmentation variation in Island Melanesia
Skin and hair pigmentation are two of the most easily visible examples of human phenotypic variation. Selection‐based explanations for pigmentation variation in humans have focused on the relationship between melanin and ultraviolet radiation, which is largely dependent on latitude. In this study, skin and hair pigmentation were measured as the melanin (M) index, using narrow‐band reflectance spectroscopy for 1,135 individuals from Island Melanes…
Effects of birthplace and individual genetic admixture on lung volume and exercise phenotypes of Peruvian Quechua
Forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal exercise response were measured in two populations of Peruvian males (age, 18–35 years) at 4,338 m who differed by the environment in which they were born and raised, i.e., high altitude (Cerro de Pasco, Peru, BHA, n = 39) and sea level (Lima, Peru, BSL, n = 32). BSL subjects were transported from sea level to 4,338 m, and were evaluated within 24 hr of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Individual admixture le…
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes reveal maternal population genetic affinities of Sea Island Gullah-speaking African Americans
To better understand the population substructure of African Americans living in coastal South Carolina, we used restriction site polymorphisms and an insertion/deletion in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to construct seven-position haplotypes across 1,395 individuals from Sierra Leone, Africa, from U.S. European Americans, and from the New World African-derived populations of Jamaica, Gullah-speaking African Americans of the South Carolina Sea Islands …
Shades of complexity: New perspectives on the evolution and genetic architecture of human skin
Like many highly variable human traits, more than a dozen genes are known to contribute to the full range of skin color. However, the historical bias in favor of genetic studies in European and European‐derived populations has blinded us to the magnitude of pigmentation's complexity. As deliberate efforts are being made to better characterize diverse global populations and new sequencing technologies, better measurement tools, functional assessme…
Technical Note: Comparing von Luschan skin color tiles and modern spectrophotometry for measuring human skin pigmentation
Prior to the introduction of reflectance spectrophotometry into anthropological field research during the 1950s, human skin color was most commonly classified by visual skin color matching using the von Luschan tiles, a set of 36 standardized, opaque glass tiles arranged in a chromatic scale. Our goal was to establish a conversion formula between the tile‐based color matching method and modern reflectance spectrophotometry to make historical and …
Skin Reflectance in the Han Chinese and Tibetan Populations
Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the determination of skin pigmentation in humans. With the recent development of statistical and genetic tools in mapping complex traits in humans, it is becoming feasible to utilize such methods in identifying genes involved in skin pigmentation. Furthermore, the use of new portable reflectance spectroscopy instruments such as the Photovolt ColorWalk colorimeter allows researchers to measure skin…
Estimating African American Admixture Proportions by Use of Population-Specific Alleles
Analysis of five y-Specific microsatellite loci in Asian and Pacific populations
We have analyzed five Y-specific microsatellite loci (DYS388, DYS390, DYS391, DYS394, DYS395) in 17 Asian and Pacific populations representing a broad geographical area and different linguistic families, with an emphasis on populations from mainland and insular Southeast Asia. Analysis of gene diversity indicates that several of the studied populations have experienced substantial genetic isolation, and a reduction in male effective sizes (viz. t…
Analysis of five y‐Specific microsatellite loci in Asian and Pacific populations
Comparison of narrow-band reflectance spectroscopy and tristimulus colorimetry for measurements of skin and hair color in persons of different biological ancestry
We have used two modern computerized handheld reflectometers, the Photovolt ColorWalk colorimeter (a tristimulus colorimeter; Photovolt, UMM Electronics, Indianapolis, IN) and the DermaSpectrometer (a specialized narrow-band reflectometer; Cortex Technology, Hadsund, Denmark), to compare two methods for the objective determination of skin and hair color. These instruments both determine color by measuring the intensity of reflected light of parti…
Ancestral proportions and admixture dynamics in geographically defined African Americans living in South Carolina
We analyzed admixture in samples of six different African-American populations from South Carolina: Gullah-speaking Sea Islanders in coastal South Carolina, residents of four counties in the "Low Country" (Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, and Dorchester), and persons living in the city of Columbia, located in central South Carolina. We used a battery of highly informative autosomal, mtDNA, and Y-chromosome markers. Two of the autosomal markers (FY…
Skin Reflectance in the Han Chinese and Tibetan Populations
Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the determination of skin pigmentation in humans. With the recent development of statistical and genetic tools in mapping complex traits in humans, it is becoming feasible to utilize such methods in identifying genes involved in skin pigmentation. Furthermore, the use of new portable reflectance spectroscopy instruments such as the Photovolt ColorWalk colorimeter allows researchers to measure skin…
Skin pigmentation, biogeographical ancestry and admixture mapping
Effects of birthplace and individual genetic admixture on lung volume and exercise phenotypes of Peruvian Quechua
Forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal exercise response were measured in two populations of Peruvian males (age, 18–35 years) at 4,338 m who differed by the environment in which they were born and raised, i.e., high altitude (Cerro de Pasco, Peru, BHA, n = 39) and sea level (Lima, Peru, BSL, n = 32). BSL subjects were transported from sea level to 4,338 m, and were evaluated within 24 hr of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Individual admixture le…
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes reveal maternal population genetic affinities of Sea Island Gullah-speaking African Americans
To better understand the population substructure of African Americans living in coastal South Carolina, we used restriction site polymorphisms and an insertion/deletion in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to construct seven-position haplotypes across 1,395 individuals from Sierra Leone, Africa, from U.S. European Americans, and from the New World African-derived populations of Jamaica, Gullah-speaking African Americans of the South Carolina Sea Islands …
Admixture analysis of a rural population of the state of Guerrero, Mexico
We studied 156 individuals of Native American descent from the city of Tlapa in the state of Guerrero in western Mexico. Most individuals' ethnicity was either Nahua, Mixtec, or Tlapanec, but self‐identified Mestizos and individuals of mixed ethnicities were also included in the sample. We typed 24 autosomal, one Y‐chromosome, and four mitochondrial ancestry‐informative markers (AIMs) to estimate group and individual admixture proportions, and de…
Skin and hair pigmentation variation in Island Melanesia
Skin and hair pigmentation are two of the most easily visible examples of human phenotypic variation. Selection‐based explanations for pigmentation variation in humans have focused on the relationship between melanin and ultraviolet radiation, which is largely dependent on latitude. In this study, skin and hair pigmentation were measured as the melanin (M) index, using narrow‐band reflectance spectroscopy for 1,135 individuals from Island Melanes…
MGEA5 ‐14 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes in Mexico City
A family‐based study has recently reported that a variant located in intron 10 of the gene MGEA5 increases susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). We evaluated the distribution of this SNP in a sample of T2D patients ( N = 271) and controls ( N = 244) from Mexico City. The frequency of the T allele was higher in the cases (2.6%) than in the controls (1.8%). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, education, and individual ancestry the odds ratio was …
The relationship between European genetic admixture and body composition among Hispanics and Native Americans
Previous studies have shown a relationship between health-related phenotypes and the degree of African, European, or Native American genetic admixture, indicating that there may be a genetic component to these phenotypes. However, these relationships may be driven to a large extent by the environmental differences that co-vary with admixture differences between and within groups. In this study, we examine the relationship between genetic admixtur…
Genetic admixture, self‐reported ethnicity, self‐estimated admixture, and skin pigmentation among Hispanics and Native Americans
The relationship between ethnicity and biology is of interest to anthropologists, biomedical scientists, and historians in understanding how human groups are constructed. Ethnic self‐identification in recently admixed groups such as Hispanics, African Americans, and Native Americans (NA) is likely to be complex due to the heterogeneity in individual admixture proportions and social environments within these groups. This study examines the relatio…
Iris texture traits show associations with iris color and genomic ancestry
OBJECTIVES: This study seeks to identify associations among genomic biogeographic ancestry (BGA), quantitative iris color, and iris texture traits contributing to population-level variation in these phenotypes. METHODS: DNA and iris photographs were collected from 300 individuals across three variably admixed populations (Portugal, Brazil, and Cape Verde). Two raters scored the photos for pigmentation spots, Fuchs' crypts, contraction furrows, an…
Quantifying the strength and form of sexual selection on men's traits
Andean and Tibetan patterns of adaptation to high altitude
OBJECTIVES: High-altitude hypoxia, or decreased oxygen levels caused by low barometric pressure, challenges the ability of humans to live and reproduce. Despite these challenges, human populations have lived on the Andean Altiplano and the Tibetan Plateau for millennia and exhibit unique circulatory, respiratory, and hematological adaptations to life at high altitude. We and others have identified natural selection candidate genes and gene region…
Technical Note: Comparing von Luschan skin color tiles and modern spectrophotometry for measuring human skin pigmentation
Prior to the introduction of reflectance spectrophotometry into anthropological field research during the 1950s, human skin color was most commonly classified by visual skin color matching using the von Luschan tiles, a set of 36 standardized, opaque glass tiles arranged in a chromatic scale. Our goal was to establish a conversion formula between the tile‐based color matching method and modern reflectance spectrophotometry to make historical and …
A global reference for human genetic variation
The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations. Here we report completion of the project, having reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals from 26 populations using a combination of low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, deep exome sequencing, and dense microarray genotyping. We characterized…
Are there vocal cues to human developmental stability? Relationships between facial fluctuating asymmetry and voice attractiveness
Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation
Scandinavia was one of the last geographic areas in Europe to become habitable for humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, the routes and genetic composition of these postglacial migrants remain unclear. We sequenced the genomes, up to 57× coverage, of seven hunter-gatherers excavated across Scandinavia and dated from 9,500-6,000 years before present (BP). Surprisingly, among the Scandinavian Mesolithic individuals, the genetic data…
Shades of complexity: New perspectives on the evolution and genetic architecture of human skin
Like many highly variable human traits, more than a dozen genes are known to contribute to the full range of skin color. However, the historical bias in favor of genetic studies in European and European‐derived populations has blinded us to the magnitude of pigmentation's complexity. As deliberate efforts are being made to better characterize diverse global populations and new sequencing technologies, better measurement tools, functional assessme…
The biology of human hair: A multidisciplinary review
In the last century, human scalp hair morphology has been studied from multiple, and sometimes mutually exclusive, perspectives by anthropologists, biologists, geneticists, forensic scientists, and cosmetic scientists. Here, we review and synthesize historical and current research on hair to better understand the scientific basis and biological implications of hair microstructure and morphology. We revisit the origins of existing nomenclature reg…
Biology (20 works) · Demography (15 works) · Gene (14 works) · Evolutionary biology (12 works) · Genetics (11 works) · Genetics (11 works) · Population (11 works) · Allele (8 works) · Forensic and Genetic Research (8 works) · melanin and skin pigmentation (8 works)