Jack Hadley
Biographic Data
| ID | 4399323 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jack Hadley |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jack |
| FAMILY NAME | Hadley |
| SIGNATURE | HADLEY J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Urban Institute |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 9 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1915 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Why Do Hispanics Have So Little Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance
This paper investigates low rates of employer health insurance coverage among Hispanics using national data from the Community Tracking Study Household Survey. Interview language served as a proxy for the degree of assimilation. Findings indicate that English-speaking Hispanics are more similar to whites in their labor market experiences and coverage than they are to Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Spanish-speakers' very low human capital (including …
Differences Between Symptom-Specific and General Survey Questions of Unmet Need in Measuring Insurance and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Access to Care
OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in insurance and racial/ethnic disparities in access to care between a single-item measure of general unmet medical need and a multi-item measure of symptom-specific unmet medical need. DATA SOURCE: The 2003 Community Tracking Study Household Survey, which included both a single question about any unmet medical needs over the last year, and a measure of unmet medical need keyed to the recent occurrence of 1 of 15…
Insurance Premiums and Insurance Coverage of Near-Poor Children
States increasingly are using premiums for near-poor children in their public insurance programs (Medicaid/SCHIP) to limit private insurance crowd-out and constrain program costs. Using national data from four rounds of the Community Tracking Study Household Surveys spanning the seven years from 1996 to 2003, this study estimates a multinomial logistic regression model examining how public and private insurance premiums affect insurance coverage …
Effects of Public Premiums on Children's Health Insurance Coverage: Evidence from 1999 to 2003
This study uses 2000 to 2004 Current Population Survey data to examine the effects of public premiums on the insurance coverage of children whose family incomes are between 100% and 300% of the federal poverty level. The analysis employs multinomial logistic models that control for factors other than premium costs. While the magnitude of the estimated effects varies across models, the results consistently indicate that raising public premiums red…
The Contribution of Insurance Coverage and Community Resources to Reducing Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Access to Care
Objective. To examine the extent to which health insurance coverage and available safety net resources reduced racial and ethnic disparities in access to care. Data Sources. Nationally representative sample of 11,692 African American, 10,325 Hispanic, and 74,397 white persons. Nonelderly persons with public or private health insurance and those who were uninsured. Study Design. Two cross‐sectional surveys of households conducted during 1996–1997 …
Sicker and Poorer—The Consequences of Being Uninsured: A Review of the Research on the Relationship between Health Insurance, Medical Care Use, Health, Work, and Income
Health services research conducted over the past 25 years makes a compelling case that having health insurance or using more medical care would improve the health of the uninsured. The literature's broad range of conditions, populations, and methods makes it difficult to derive a precise quantitative estimate of the effect of having health insurance on the uninsured's health. Some mortality studies imply that a 4% to 5% reduction in the uninsured…
Health and the Cost of Nongroup Insurance
This analysis estimates a selection-adjusted model of the premium for nongroup insurance to measure the effect of health status on the cost of nongroup insurance. Using data from two recent national surveys, the probability of buying nongroup insurance is about 50% lower for people in fair or poor health compared to similar people in excellent health. Correcting for selection, premiums are about 15% higher for people with modest health problems, …
Is Health Care Spending Higher under Medicaid or Private Insurance
This paper addresses the question of whether Medicaid is in fact a high-cost program after adjusting for the health of the people it covers. We compare and simulate annual per capita medical spending for lower-income people (families with incomes under 200% of poverty) covered for a full year by either Medicaid or private insurance. We first show that low-income privately insured enrollees and Medicaid enrollees have very different socioeconomic …
Small Firms' Demand for Health Insurance: The Decision to Offer Insurance
This paper explores the decisions by small business establishments (< 100 workers) to offer health insurance. We estimate a theoretically derived model of establishments' demand for insurance using nationally representative data from the 1997 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Employer Health Insurance Survey and other sources. Findings show that offer decisions reflect worker demand, labor market conditions, and establishments' costs of providing co…
Measuring and Predicting Surgeons??? Practice Styles for Breast Cancer Treatment in Older Women
BACKGROUND: Few measures exist to assess physicians' practice style, and there are few data on physicians' practice styles and patterns of care. OBJECTIVES: To use clinical vignettes to measure surgeons' "propensity" for local treatments for early-stage breast cancer and to describe factors associated with propensity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A cross-sectional mailed survey with telephone follow-up of a random sample of 1,000 surgeons treati…
Physicians??? Responses to Medicare Fee Schedule Reductions
BACKGROUND: Relatively little empirical research has addressed physicians' responses to fee changes under the Medicare Fee Schedule. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed Medicare claims data for ophthalmologists and orthopedic surgeons for the years 1991 through 1994 to evaluate the relative importance of profit-maximizing and target-income theories in determining physicians' supply responses to specific Medicare fee reductions. RESEARCH DESIGN: This study wa…
Posthospitalization Home Health Care Use and Changes in Functional Status in a Medicare Population
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to estimate the effect of Medicare beneficiaries' use of home health care (HHC) for 6 months after hospital discharge on the change in functional status over a 1-year period beginning before hospitalization. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING: Data came from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, which is a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries, in-person interview data, and Medicare cl…
Population characteristics of markets of safety-net and non-safety-net hospitals
HMO Penetration and Physicians' Earnings
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study is to estimate whether cross-sectional variations in enrollment in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) affected physicians' earnings and hourly income in 1990. METHODS: Using data from a nationally representative sample of 4,577 younger physicians (<45 years) conducted in 1991, we estimated a partial reduced-form model of physicians annual income and per hour income. We tested whether HMO penetration is endo…
Financial Pressure and Competition: Changes in Hospital Efficiency and Cost-Shifting Behavior
Using data from the American Hospital Association and the Medicare program, the authors analyzed the effects of financial pressure and market competition on changes in several measures of performance of 1,435 acute care hospitals between 1987 and 1989. Over the observation period, the least profitable hospitals constrained their growth in total expenses to half that for the most profitable hospitals (13.3% versus 27.6%) by limiting the growth of …
Health Care Reform and Public Administration
Profits, Community Role, and Hospital Closure: An Urban and Rural Analysis
The number of hospital closures increased substantially after the implementation of Medicare's Prospective Payment System (PPS). This acceleration in closures raised a number of concerns over current payment policies and their impact on access. This paper investigates hospital closures that occurred in 1985 through 1988. A hospital's financial status and mission or community standing were found to be determinants of hospital closure. Closed hospi…
More Medical Care, Better Health: An Economic Analysis of Mortality Rates
More Medical Care, Better Health: An Economic Analysis of Mortality Rates
Insuring the Nation's Health
Does Income Affect Mortality? An Analysis of the Effects of Different Types of Income on Age/Sex/Race-Specific Mortality Rates in the United States
This article explores the question of whether or not higher incomes are associated with lower mortality rates. Some recent research on this issue has suggested that income either has no effect on or may even be positively correlated with mortality rates. By contrast, earlier studies consistently found a negative relationship--higher income (or economic status) was generally associated with lower mortality rates. This paper extends the prior resea…
Alternative Methods of Evaluating Health Manpower Distribution
Four desirable characteristics of an ideal method of evaluating health manpower distribution are postulated. Current approaches are evaluated using these criteria and are shown to be unsatisfactory. An alternative method, based on the economic theory of production, is then described. The paper concludes with some recommendations for further research
Toward a physician payment policy: Evidence from the Economic Stabilization Program
Whaling off the Alaskan Coast
Whaling off the Alaskan Coast
Toward a physician payment policy: Evidence from the Economic Stabilization Program
Alternative Methods of Evaluating Health Manpower Distribution
Four desirable characteristics of an ideal method of evaluating health manpower distribution are postulated. Current approaches are evaluated using these criteria and are shown to be unsatisfactory. An alternative method, based on the economic theory of production, is then described. The paper concludes with some recommendations for further research
More Medical Care, Better Health: An Economic Analysis of Mortality Rates
Insuring the Nation's Health
Does Income Affect Mortality? An Analysis of the Effects of Different Types of Income on Age/Sex/Race-Specific Mortality Rates in the United States
This article explores the question of whether or not higher incomes are associated with lower mortality rates. Some recent research on this issue has suggested that income either has no effect on or may even be positively correlated with mortality rates. By contrast, earlier studies consistently found a negative relationship--higher income (or economic status) was generally associated with lower mortality rates. This paper extends the prior resea…
More Medical Care, Better Health: An Economic Analysis of Mortality Rates
Profits, Community Role, and Hospital Closure: An Urban and Rural Analysis
The number of hospital closures increased substantially after the implementation of Medicare's Prospective Payment System (PPS). This acceleration in closures raised a number of concerns over current payment policies and their impact on access. This paper investigates hospital closures that occurred in 1985 through 1988. A hospital's financial status and mission or community standing were found to be determinants of hospital closure. Closed hospi…
Health Care Reform and Public Administration
Financial Pressure and Competition: Changes in Hospital Efficiency and Cost-Shifting Behavior
Using data from the American Hospital Association and the Medicare program, the authors analyzed the effects of financial pressure and market competition on changes in several measures of performance of 1,435 acute care hospitals between 1987 and 1989. Over the observation period, the least profitable hospitals constrained their growth in total expenses to half that for the most profitable hospitals (13.3% versus 27.6%) by limiting the growth of …
Population characteristics of markets of safety-net and non-safety-net hospitals
HMO Penetration and Physicians' Earnings
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study is to estimate whether cross-sectional variations in enrollment in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) affected physicians' earnings and hourly income in 1990. METHODS: Using data from a nationally representative sample of 4,577 younger physicians (<45 years) conducted in 1991, we estimated a partial reduced-form model of physicians annual income and per hour income. We tested whether HMO penetration is endo…
Physicians??? Responses to Medicare Fee Schedule Reductions
BACKGROUND: Relatively little empirical research has addressed physicians' responses to fee changes under the Medicare Fee Schedule. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed Medicare claims data for ophthalmologists and orthopedic surgeons for the years 1991 through 1994 to evaluate the relative importance of profit-maximizing and target-income theories in determining physicians' supply responses to specific Medicare fee reductions. RESEARCH DESIGN: This study wa…
Posthospitalization Home Health Care Use and Changes in Functional Status in a Medicare Population
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to estimate the effect of Medicare beneficiaries' use of home health care (HHC) for 6 months after hospital discharge on the change in functional status over a 1-year period beginning before hospitalization. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING: Data came from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, which is a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries, in-person interview data, and Medicare cl…
Measuring and Predicting Surgeons??? Practice Styles for Breast Cancer Treatment in Older Women
BACKGROUND: Few measures exist to assess physicians' practice style, and there are few data on physicians' practice styles and patterns of care. OBJECTIVES: To use clinical vignettes to measure surgeons' "propensity" for local treatments for early-stage breast cancer and to describe factors associated with propensity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A cross-sectional mailed survey with telephone follow-up of a random sample of 1,000 surgeons treati…
Small Firms' Demand for Health Insurance: The Decision to Offer Insurance
This paper explores the decisions by small business establishments (< 100 workers) to offer health insurance. We estimate a theoretically derived model of establishments' demand for insurance using nationally representative data from the 1997 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Employer Health Insurance Survey and other sources. Findings show that offer decisions reflect worker demand, labor market conditions, and establishments' costs of providing co…
The Contribution of Insurance Coverage and Community Resources to Reducing Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Access to Care
Objective. To examine the extent to which health insurance coverage and available safety net resources reduced racial and ethnic disparities in access to care. Data Sources. Nationally representative sample of 11,692 African American, 10,325 Hispanic, and 74,397 white persons. Nonelderly persons with public or private health insurance and those who were uninsured. Study Design. Two cross‐sectional surveys of households conducted during 1996–1997 …
Sicker and Poorer—The Consequences of Being Uninsured: A Review of the Research on the Relationship between Health Insurance, Medical Care Use, Health, Work, and Income
Health services research conducted over the past 25 years makes a compelling case that having health insurance or using more medical care would improve the health of the uninsured. The literature's broad range of conditions, populations, and methods makes it difficult to derive a precise quantitative estimate of the effect of having health insurance on the uninsured's health. Some mortality studies imply that a 4% to 5% reduction in the uninsured…
Health and the Cost of Nongroup Insurance
This analysis estimates a selection-adjusted model of the premium for nongroup insurance to measure the effect of health status on the cost of nongroup insurance. Using data from two recent national surveys, the probability of buying nongroup insurance is about 50% lower for people in fair or poor health compared to similar people in excellent health. Correcting for selection, premiums are about 15% higher for people with modest health problems, …
Is Health Care Spending Higher under Medicaid or Private Insurance
This paper addresses the question of whether Medicaid is in fact a high-cost program after adjusting for the health of the people it covers. We compare and simulate annual per capita medical spending for lower-income people (families with incomes under 200% of poverty) covered for a full year by either Medicaid or private insurance. We first show that low-income privately insured enrollees and Medicaid enrollees have very different socioeconomic …
Insurance Premiums and Insurance Coverage of Near-Poor Children
States increasingly are using premiums for near-poor children in their public insurance programs (Medicaid/SCHIP) to limit private insurance crowd-out and constrain program costs. Using national data from four rounds of the Community Tracking Study Household Surveys spanning the seven years from 1996 to 2003, this study estimates a multinomial logistic regression model examining how public and private insurance premiums affect insurance coverage …
Effects of Public Premiums on Children's Health Insurance Coverage: Evidence from 1999 to 2003
This study uses 2000 to 2004 Current Population Survey data to examine the effects of public premiums on the insurance coverage of children whose family incomes are between 100% and 300% of the federal poverty level. The analysis employs multinomial logistic models that control for factors other than premium costs. While the magnitude of the estimated effects varies across models, the results consistently indicate that raising public premiums red…
Why Do Hispanics Have So Little Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance
This paper investigates low rates of employer health insurance coverage among Hispanics using national data from the Community Tracking Study Household Survey. Interview language served as a proxy for the degree of assimilation. Findings indicate that English-speaking Hispanics are more similar to whites in their labor market experiences and coverage than they are to Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Spanish-speakers' very low human capital (including …
Differences Between Symptom-Specific and General Survey Questions of Unmet Need in Measuring Insurance and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Access to Care
OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in insurance and racial/ethnic disparities in access to care between a single-item measure of general unmet medical need and a multi-item measure of symptom-specific unmet medical need. DATA SOURCE: The 2003 Community Tracking Study Household Survey, which included both a single question about any unmet medical needs over the last year, and a measure of unmet medical need keyed to the recent occurrence of 1 of 15…
Business (16 works) · Healthcare Policy and Management (16 works) · Economics (15 works) · Medicine (15 works) · Health care (14 works) · Economic growth (11 works) · Global Health Care Issues (11 works) · Actuarial science (10 works) · Environmental health (8 works) · Health insurance (7 works)