Fiona Leverick
Biographic Data
| ID | 4437588 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Fiona Leverick |
| GIVEN NAMES | Fiona |
| FAMILY NAME | Leverick |
| SIGNATURE | LEVERICK F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Glasgow |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5245-9874 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 32 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
What do we know about the effectiveness of juror education in rape and serious sexual offence trials
Addressing jurors’ false beliefs in rape and serious sexual offence (RASSO) cases has been a priority for law reformers worldwide. This includes the Law Commission, whose 2025 report Evidence in Sexual Offence Prosecutions recommended that juror misconceptions be addressed in England and Wales by enhanced judicial directions, supplemented by expert evidence where issues are particularly complex. This paper reviews existing evidence on the effecti…
Why we need juror education in rape and serious sexual offence cases
Myths about myths? A commentary on Thomas (2020) and the question of jury rape myth acceptance
This commentary responds to claims that research by Cheryl Thomas ‘shows’ no problem with rape myths in English and Welsh juries. We critique the claim on the basis of ambiguous survey design, a false distinction between ‘real’ jurors and other research participants, the conflation of attitudes in relation to abstract versus applied rape myths, and misleading interpretation of the data. Ultimately, we call for a balanced appraisal of individual s…
Handle with care: Jury deliberation and demeanour-based assessments of witness credibility
It is unclear how effectively jurors perform their task of assessing witness credibility. Drawing on evidence from a mock jury study involving 863 mock jurors deliberating across 64 juries, and building on existing research, this paper explores juries’ reliance on demeanour. While jurors make use of factors which the research literature suggests are often appropriate credibility markers, for example external consistency of accounts, there is caus…
Beyond Doubt: The Case Against ‘Not Proven’
Scotland, unusually, has three verdicts in criminal trials: guilty, not guilty, and not proven. The not proven verdict, regarded by many as an intermediate option between the other two, has been the subject of a long‐running debate as to whether it should be abolished. In this article we argue that it should. Drawing on empirical evidence from two recent studies, we cast doubt on the arguments most often made in its favour – that it serves a valu…
The provenance of what is proven: Exploring (mock) jury deliberation in Scottish rape trials
This article presents findings from the largest research study of the nature of mock jury deliberations in rape cases undertaken in the UK to date – and the first such study to be undertaken in the Scottish context. The study found considerable evidence of the expression of problematic attitudes towards rape complainers. These included the belief that a ‘real’ rape victim would have extensive external and internal injuries and would resist attack…
What do we know about rape myths and juror decision making
This paper presents overwhelming evidence that prejudicial and false beliefs held by jurors about rape affect their evaluation of the evidence and their decision making in rape cases. The paper draws together for the first time the available evidence from both quantitative and qualitative studies (most of which are not found in law journals, but rather in scientific outlets, most commonly those focusing on experimental psychology). The quantitati…
Marketing Management
The term “marketing management” is generally used to refer to the management activities undertaken in the practice of M arketing in organizations.
Target Market
This is a group of potential users or consumers which is the focus of the marketing effort of the business for a particular product or service, usually identified by means of M arket S egmentation.
Market Demand
The term market demand most usually refers to the total demand for a product or service over a specific period of time in a specified geographic area in a specified Marketing Environment and for a specified Marketing effort.
Market
The term “market” is clearly an important concept in the field of Marketing, yet while much debate has taken place on what constitutes an appropriate definition of “marketing,” less attention has been directed in the marketing literature toward the nature of Markets.
Exchange
While it is often seen as the central concept underpinning Marketing, there is some debate over exactly what constitutes exchange.
Marketing Concept
The marketing concept has been seen variously as a statement of the philosophy of marketing, an approach to doing business, or a broad umbrella governing business activity.
Marketing Process
Two levels of understanding of the marketing process are common in the marketing literature.
Transaction
This is the transfer of ownership or use of a product or service from one party to another in return for a payment of some kind.
Marketing Environment
The marketing environment is made up of actors and forces that directly or indirectly influence the organization's marketing operations and performance.
Consumer Marketing
Consumer marketing refers to the buying of products and services for personal or household use, as opposed to buying by organizations. The implied alternative is Business‐to‐Business Marketing, although the distinction between the two areas is not entirely clear cut.
Marketing
Marketing was apparently taught as a business subject as far back as 1902, at the University of Wisconsin, although the first textbooks on the subject were not written until several years later.
Market Share
This is the ratio of a company's sales of a product or service (either by number of units or by value) during a specific time period in a specific market to the total sales of that type of product or service over the same period.
Substantial and Radical Change’: A New Dawn for Scottish Criminal Procedure
This paper discusses the recommendations of the Carloway Review, which was established to review law and practice in criminal cases following the introduction in Scotland of a right to legal assistance during detention. A number of recommendations are made in the Review, including the introduction of stricter time limits governing the detention of suspects, the removal of the corroboration requirement, the rejection of adverse inference provision…
When Should a Retrial be Permitted After a Conviction is Quashed on Appeal
The power to permit a retrial after a conviction has been quashed on appeal is an established part of criminal procedure, with over a third of successful appeals against conviction in England and Wales now resulting in a retrial being ordered. Despite this, relatively little attention has been paid to the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such permission to be granted. This article reviews the practice of the courts, offering a rationa…
Fair Labelling in Criminal Law
‘Fair labelling’ has become common currency in criminal law scholarship over recent decades, but the principle's scope and justification has never been analysed in detail. Basic questions remain unanswered, such as the intended audience for these labels and whether they assume the same importance in respect of both offences and defences. This article traces the intellectual history of the principle and examines its possible justifications in resp…
What Has the ECHR Done for Victims? A United Kingdom Perspective
This paper assesses the extent to which the European Convention on Human Rights creates rights for victims within the criminal justice process in terms of both rights to information and procedural rights. It concludes that the right to investigation and information, as set out in Jordan, does cement certain standards to which an investigation must conform in terms of victim information provision and involvement, but that these can only be describ…
What do we know about rape myths and juror decision making
This paper presents overwhelming evidence that prejudicial and false beliefs held by jurors about rape affect their evaluation of the evidence and their decision making in rape cases. The paper draws together for the first time the available evidence from both quantitative and qualitative studies (most of which are not found in law journals, but rather in scientific outlets, most commonly those focusing on experimental psychology). The quantitati…
Fair Labelling in Criminal Law
‘Fair labelling’ has become common currency in criminal law scholarship over recent decades, but the principle's scope and justification has never been analysed in detail. Basic questions remain unanswered, such as the intended audience for these labels and whether they assume the same importance in respect of both offences and defences. This article traces the intellectual history of the principle and examines its possible justifications in resp…
Why we need juror education in rape and serious sexual offence cases
Handle with care: Jury deliberation and demeanour-based assessments of witness credibility
It is unclear how effectively jurors perform their task of assessing witness credibility. Drawing on evidence from a mock jury study involving 863 mock jurors deliberating across 64 juries, and building on existing research, this paper explores juries’ reliance on demeanour. While jurors make use of factors which the research literature suggests are often appropriate credibility markers, for example external consistency of accounts, there is caus…
The provenance of what is proven: Exploring (mock) jury deliberation in Scottish rape trials
This article presents findings from the largest research study of the nature of mock jury deliberations in rape cases undertaken in the UK to date – and the first such study to be undertaken in the Scottish context. The study found considerable evidence of the expression of problematic attitudes towards rape complainers. These included the belief that a ‘real’ rape victim would have extensive external and internal injuries and would resist attack…
Beyond Doubt: The Case Against ‘Not Proven’
Scotland, unusually, has three verdicts in criminal trials: guilty, not guilty, and not proven. The not proven verdict, regarded by many as an intermediate option between the other two, has been the subject of a long‐running debate as to whether it should be abolished. In this article we argue that it should. Drawing on empirical evidence from two recent studies, we cast doubt on the arguments most often made in its favour – that it serves a valu…
When Should a Retrial be Permitted After a Conviction is Quashed on Appeal
The power to permit a retrial after a conviction has been quashed on appeal is an established part of criminal procedure, with over a third of successful appeals against conviction in England and Wales now resulting in a retrial being ordered. Despite this, relatively little attention has been paid to the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such permission to be granted. This article reviews the practice of the courts, offering a rationa…
What Has the ECHR Done for Victims? A United Kingdom Perspective
This paper assesses the extent to which the European Convention on Human Rights creates rights for victims within the criminal justice process in terms of both rights to information and procedural rights. It concludes that the right to investigation and information, as set out in Jordan, does cement certain standards to which an investigation must conform in terms of victim information provision and involvement, but that these can only be describ…
Fair Labelling in Criminal Law
‘Fair labelling’ has become common currency in criminal law scholarship over recent decades, but the principle's scope and justification has never been analysed in detail. Basic questions remain unanswered, such as the intended audience for these labels and whether they assume the same importance in respect of both offences and defences. This article traces the intellectual history of the principle and examines its possible justifications in resp…
When Should a Retrial be Permitted After a Conviction is Quashed on Appeal
The power to permit a retrial after a conviction has been quashed on appeal is an established part of criminal procedure, with over a third of successful appeals against conviction in England and Wales now resulting in a retrial being ordered. Despite this, relatively little attention has been paid to the circumstances in which it is appropriate for such permission to be granted. This article reviews the practice of the courts, offering a rationa…
Substantial and Radical Change’: A New Dawn for Scottish Criminal Procedure
This paper discusses the recommendations of the Carloway Review, which was established to review law and practice in criminal cases following the introduction in Scotland of a right to legal assistance during detention. A number of recommendations are made in the Review, including the introduction of stricter time limits governing the detention of suspects, the removal of the corroboration requirement, the rejection of adverse inference provision…
Marketing Management
The term “marketing management” is generally used to refer to the management activities undertaken in the practice of M arketing in organizations.
Target Market
This is a group of potential users or consumers which is the focus of the marketing effort of the business for a particular product or service, usually identified by means of M arket S egmentation.
Market Demand
The term market demand most usually refers to the total demand for a product or service over a specific period of time in a specified geographic area in a specified Marketing Environment and for a specified Marketing effort.
Market
The term “market” is clearly an important concept in the field of Marketing, yet while much debate has taken place on what constitutes an appropriate definition of “marketing,” less attention has been directed in the marketing literature toward the nature of Markets.
Exchange
While it is often seen as the central concept underpinning Marketing, there is some debate over exactly what constitutes exchange.
Marketing Concept
The marketing concept has been seen variously as a statement of the philosophy of marketing, an approach to doing business, or a broad umbrella governing business activity.
Marketing Process
Two levels of understanding of the marketing process are common in the marketing literature.
Transaction
This is the transfer of ownership or use of a product or service from one party to another in return for a payment of some kind.
Marketing Environment
The marketing environment is made up of actors and forces that directly or indirectly influence the organization's marketing operations and performance.
Consumer Marketing
Consumer marketing refers to the buying of products and services for personal or household use, as opposed to buying by organizations. The implied alternative is Business‐to‐Business Marketing, although the distinction between the two areas is not entirely clear cut.
Marketing
Marketing was apparently taught as a business subject as far back as 1902, at the University of Wisconsin, although the first textbooks on the subject were not written until several years later.
Market Share
This is the ratio of a company's sales of a product or service (either by number of units or by value) during a specific time period in a specific market to the total sales of that type of product or service over the same period.
What do we know about rape myths and juror decision making
This paper presents overwhelming evidence that prejudicial and false beliefs held by jurors about rape affect their evaluation of the evidence and their decision making in rape cases. The paper draws together for the first time the available evidence from both quantitative and qualitative studies (most of which are not found in law journals, but rather in scientific outlets, most commonly those focusing on experimental psychology). The quantitati…
The provenance of what is proven: Exploring (mock) jury deliberation in Scottish rape trials
This article presents findings from the largest research study of the nature of mock jury deliberations in rape cases undertaken in the UK to date – and the first such study to be undertaken in the Scottish context. The study found considerable evidence of the expression of problematic attitudes towards rape complainers. These included the belief that a ‘real’ rape victim would have extensive external and internal injuries and would resist attack…
Myths about myths? A commentary on Thomas (2020) and the question of jury rape myth acceptance
This commentary responds to claims that research by Cheryl Thomas ‘shows’ no problem with rape myths in English and Welsh juries. We critique the claim on the basis of ambiguous survey design, a false distinction between ‘real’ jurors and other research participants, the conflation of attitudes in relation to abstract versus applied rape myths, and misleading interpretation of the data. Ultimately, we call for a balanced appraisal of individual s…
Handle with care: Jury deliberation and demeanour-based assessments of witness credibility
It is unclear how effectively jurors perform their task of assessing witness credibility. Drawing on evidence from a mock jury study involving 863 mock jurors deliberating across 64 juries, and building on existing research, this paper explores juries’ reliance on demeanour. While jurors make use of factors which the research literature suggests are often appropriate credibility markers, for example external consistency of accounts, there is caus…
Beyond Doubt: The Case Against ‘Not Proven’
Scotland, unusually, has three verdicts in criminal trials: guilty, not guilty, and not proven. The not proven verdict, regarded by many as an intermediate option between the other two, has been the subject of a long‐running debate as to whether it should be abolished. In this article we argue that it should. Drawing on empirical evidence from two recent studies, we cast doubt on the arguments most often made in its favour – that it serves a valu…
Why we need juror education in rape and serious sexual offence cases
What do we know about the effectiveness of juror education in rape and serious sexual offence trials
Addressing jurors’ false beliefs in rape and serious sexual offence (RASSO) cases has been a priority for law reformers worldwide. This includes the Law Commission, whose 2025 report Evidence in Sexual Offence Prosecutions recommended that juror misconceptions be addressed in England and Wales by enhanced judicial directions, supplemented by expert evidence where issues are particularly complex. This paper reviews existing evidence on the effecti…
Business (11 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Law (9 works) · Marketing (9 works) · Political science (9 works) · Jury Decision Making Processes (7 works) · Digital Innovation in Industries (6 works) · Psychology (6 works) · Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies (6 works) · Criminal Law and Evidence (5 works)