Mark Budolfson
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4487090 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Mark Budolfson |
| NOMBRES | Mark |
| APELLIDO | Budolfson |
| FIRMA | BUDOLFSON M |
| AFILIACIONES | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0414-0433 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 5 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 18 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 7 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2014 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Energy and Health
Seizing the policy opportunities for health- and equity-improving energy decisions
Monetizing Animal Welfare Impacts for Benefit–Cost Analysis
Animal welfare is often ignored in decision-making, despite widespread agreement about its importance. This is partly because of a lack of quantitative methods to assess the impacts of policies on humans and nonhumans alike on a common scale. At the same time, recent work in economics, philosophy, and animal welfare science has made progress on the fundamental theoretical challenge of estimating the well-being potential of different species on a …
Does the Repugnant Conclusion Have Important Implications for Axiology or for Public Policy?
Formal arguments have proven that avoiding the Repugnant Conclusion is impossible without rejecting one or more highly plausible population principles. To many, such proofs establish not only a deep challenge for axiology, but also pose an important practical problem of how policy-making can confidently proceed without resolving any of the central questions of population ethics. Here we offer deflationary responses: first to the practical challen…
Community- Versus Health Care Organization–Based Approaches to Expanding At-Home Covid-19 Testing in Black and Latino Communities, New Jersey, 2021
At-home COVID-19 testing offers convenience and safety advantages. We evaluated at-home testing in Black and Latino communities through an intervention comparing community-based organization (CBO) and health care organization (HCO) outreach. From May through December 2021, 1100 participants were recruited, 94% through CBOs. The odds of COVID-19 test requests and completions were significantly higher in the HCO arm. The results showed disparities …
Research Note
All leading long-term global population projections agree on continuing fertility decline, resulting in a rate of population size growth that will continue to decline toward zero and would eventually turn negative. However, scholarly and popular arguments have suggested that because fertility transmits intergenerationally (i.e., higher fertility parents tend to have higher fertility children) and is heterogeneous within a population, long-term po…
Philosophy and Climate Change
Climate change is poised to threaten, disrupt, and transform human life, and the social, economic, and political institutions that structure it. In light of this, understanding climate change, and discussing how to address it, should be at the very center of our public conversation. Philosophy can make an enormous contribution to that conversation, but only if both philosophers and non-philosophers understand what it can contribute. The sixteen o…
Protecting the poor with a carbon tax and equal per capita dividend
Climate action with revenue recycling has benefits for poverty, inequality and well-being
Utilitarian benchmarks for emissions and pledges promote equity, climate and development
Repugnant conclusions
Population Ethics and the Prospects for Fertility Policy as Climate Mitigation Policy
What are the prospects for using population policy as tool to reduce carbon emissions? In this paper, we review evidence from population science, in order to inform debates in population ethics that, so far, have largely taken place within the academic philosophy literature. In particular, we ask whether fertility policy is likely to have a large effect on carbon emissions, and therefore on temperature change. Our answer is no. Prospects for a po…
The importance of health co-benefits under different climate policy cooperation frameworks
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions has the ‘co-benefit’ of also reducing air pollution and associated impacts on human health. Here, we incorporate health co-benefits into estimates of the optimal climate policy for three different climate policy regimes. The first fully internalizes the climate externality at the global level via a uniform carbon price (the ‘cooperative equilibrium’), thus minimizing total mitigation costs. The second connects to…
What Should We Agree on about the Repugnant Conclusion
The Repugnant Conclusion is an implication of some approaches to population ethics. It states, in Derek Parfit's original formulation, For any possible population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living. (Parfit 1984: 388)
Arguments for Well-Regulated Capitalism, and Implications for Global Ethics, Food, Environment, Climate Change, and Beyond
Discourse on food ethics often advocates the anti-capitalist idea that we need less capitalism, less growth, and less globalization if we want to make the world a better and more equitable place. This idea is also familiar from much discourse in global ethics, environment, and political theory, more generally. However, many experts argue that this anti-capitalist idea is not supported by reason and argument, and is actually wrong. As part of the …
Philosophy and Climate Change
Public Policy, Consequentialism, the Environment, and Nonhuman Animals
The focus of this chapter is public policy and consequentialism, especially issues that arise in connection with the environment—that is, the natural world, including nonhuman animals. We integrate some of the existing literature on environmental economics, welfare economics, and policy with the literature on environmental values and philosophy. The emphasis on environmental policy is motivated by the fact that it is arguably the most philosophic…
The Moral Burdens of Temporary Farmwork
This chapter discusses how agricultural guest worker programs fail to treat guest workers as moral equals. Such programs are typically justified on the theory that they enable host countries to cheaply meet labor needs while offering nonresidents access to higher wages than in their home countries. The chapter explains how, to participate in the programs, guest workers must rupture personal and political ties to then come to a new country and eit…
Sustainable Agriculture, Environmental Philosophy, and the Ethics of Food
The goal to make agriculture sustainable expresses an ideal to ensure that our present practices should not impose future disadvantages. “Sustainable agriculture” sometimes refers to agricultural practices that are believed to be “natural,” which do not employ modern technologies. Alternately, the term is sometimes used to refer to agricultural practices that avoid depleting resources or which can be expected to leave future generations as well o…
[Oxford] Handbook of Food Ethics
Food ethics, as an academic pursuit, is vast, incorporating work from philosophy as well as anthropology, economics, environmental sciences and other natural sciences, geography, law, and sociology. This Handbook provides a sample of recent philosophical work in food ethics. This philosophical work addresses ethical issues with agricultural production, the structure of the global food system, the ethics of personal food consumption, the ethics of…
Religious Dietary Practices and Secular Food Ethics; or, How to Hope that Your Food Choices Make a Difference Even When You Reasonably Believe That They Don’t
Religious dietary practices foster a sense of communal identity, certainly, but traditionally they are also regarded as pleasing to God (or the gods, or the ancestors) and spiritually beneficial. In other words, for many religious people, the effects of fasting go well beyond what is immediately observed or empirically measurable, and that is a large part of what motivates participation in the practice. The goal of this chapter is to develop that…
Farming, the Virtues, and Agrarian Philosophy
Food production can be viewed as one among many activities that produce goods in modern industrial societies, with ethical issues analogous to those of other sectors of the economy. Contrarily, agriculture and farming have historically been thought to have unique influence on the nature of social institutions, the reinforcement of moral virtues, and the reproduction of cultural forms. Mainstream approaches in consequentialist and deontological et…
The Social Cost of Carbon
We analyze the role of ethical values in the determination of the social cost of carbon, arguing that the familiar debate about discounting is too narrow. Other ethical issues are equally important to computing the social cost of carbon, and we highlight inequality, risk, and population ethics. Although the usual approach, in the economics of costbenefit analysis for climate policy, is confined to a utilitarian axiology, the methodology of the so…
Inequality, climate impacts on the future poor, and carbon prices
Significance Hundreds of published papers produce “optimal” trajectories of global emissions of carbon dioxide, and corresponding carbon prices, over this century, taking into account future damages inflicted by climate change. To our knowledge, in all instances the models ignore inequalities in economic variables beyond regional differences. Here, we introduce heterogeneous subregional populations (distributed by income) and explore how the opti…
Why the Standard Interpretation of Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethic is Mistaken
What Should We Agree on about the Repugnant Conclusion
The Repugnant Conclusion is an implication of some approaches to population ethics. It states, in Derek Parfit's original formulation, For any possible population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living. (Parfit 1984: 388)
Why the Standard Interpretation of Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethic is Mistaken
Inequality, climate impacts on the future poor, and carbon prices
Significance Hundreds of published papers produce “optimal” trajectories of global emissions of carbon dioxide, and corresponding carbon prices, over this century, taking into account future damages inflicted by climate change. To our knowledge, in all instances the models ignore inequalities in economic variables beyond regional differences. Here, we introduce heterogeneous subregional populations (distributed by income) and explore how the opti…
The Moral Burdens of Temporary Farmwork
This chapter discusses how agricultural guest worker programs fail to treat guest workers as moral equals. Such programs are typically justified on the theory that they enable host countries to cheaply meet labor needs while offering nonresidents access to higher wages than in their home countries. The chapter explains how, to participate in the programs, guest workers must rupture personal and political ties to then come to a new country and eit…
Sustainable Agriculture, Environmental Philosophy, and the Ethics of Food
The goal to make agriculture sustainable expresses an ideal to ensure that our present practices should not impose future disadvantages. “Sustainable agriculture” sometimes refers to agricultural practices that are believed to be “natural,” which do not employ modern technologies. Alternately, the term is sometimes used to refer to agricultural practices that avoid depleting resources or which can be expected to leave future generations as well o…
[Oxford] Handbook of Food Ethics
Food ethics, as an academic pursuit, is vast, incorporating work from philosophy as well as anthropology, economics, environmental sciences and other natural sciences, geography, law, and sociology. This Handbook provides a sample of recent philosophical work in food ethics. This philosophical work addresses ethical issues with agricultural production, the structure of the global food system, the ethics of personal food consumption, the ethics of…
Religious Dietary Practices and Secular Food Ethics; or, How to Hope that Your Food Choices Make a Difference Even When You Reasonably Believe That They Don’t
Religious dietary practices foster a sense of communal identity, certainly, but traditionally they are also regarded as pleasing to God (or the gods, or the ancestors) and spiritually beneficial. In other words, for many religious people, the effects of fasting go well beyond what is immediately observed or empirically measurable, and that is a large part of what motivates participation in the practice. The goal of this chapter is to develop that…
Farming, the Virtues, and Agrarian Philosophy
Food production can be viewed as one among many activities that produce goods in modern industrial societies, with ethical issues analogous to those of other sectors of the economy. Contrarily, agriculture and farming have historically been thought to have unique influence on the nature of social institutions, the reinforcement of moral virtues, and the reproduction of cultural forms. Mainstream approaches in consequentialist and deontological et…
The Social Cost of Carbon
We analyze the role of ethical values in the determination of the social cost of carbon, arguing that the familiar debate about discounting is too narrow. Other ethical issues are equally important to computing the social cost of carbon, and we highlight inequality, risk, and population ethics. Although the usual approach, in the economics of costbenefit analysis for climate policy, is confined to a utilitarian axiology, the methodology of the so…
Public Policy, Consequentialism, the Environment, and Nonhuman Animals
The focus of this chapter is public policy and consequentialism, especially issues that arise in connection with the environment—that is, the natural world, including nonhuman animals. We integrate some of the existing literature on environmental economics, welfare economics, and policy with the literature on environmental values and philosophy. The emphasis on environmental policy is motivated by the fact that it is arguably the most philosophic…
Philosophy and Climate Change
Climate change is poised to threaten, disrupt, and transform human life, and the social, economic, and political institutions that structure it. In light of this, understanding climate change, and discussing how to address it, should be at the very center of our public conversation. Philosophy can make an enormous contribution to that conversation, but only if both philosophers and non-philosophers understand what it can contribute. The sixteen o…
Protecting the poor with a carbon tax and equal per capita dividend
Climate action with revenue recycling has benefits for poverty, inequality and well-being
Utilitarian benchmarks for emissions and pledges promote equity, climate and development
Repugnant conclusions
Population Ethics and the Prospects for Fertility Policy as Climate Mitigation Policy
What are the prospects for using population policy as tool to reduce carbon emissions? In this paper, we review evidence from population science, in order to inform debates in population ethics that, so far, have largely taken place within the academic philosophy literature. In particular, we ask whether fertility policy is likely to have a large effect on carbon emissions, and therefore on temperature change. Our answer is no. Prospects for a po…
The importance of health co-benefits under different climate policy cooperation frameworks
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions has the ‘co-benefit’ of also reducing air pollution and associated impacts on human health. Here, we incorporate health co-benefits into estimates of the optimal climate policy for three different climate policy regimes. The first fully internalizes the climate externality at the global level via a uniform carbon price (the ‘cooperative equilibrium’), thus minimizing total mitigation costs. The second connects to…
What Should We Agree on about the Repugnant Conclusion
The Repugnant Conclusion is an implication of some approaches to population ethics. It states, in Derek Parfit's original formulation, For any possible population of at least ten billion people, all with a very high quality of life, there must be some much larger imaginable population whose existence, if other things are equal, would be better, even though its members have lives that are barely worth living. (Parfit 1984: 388)
Arguments for Well-Regulated Capitalism, and Implications for Global Ethics, Food, Environment, Climate Change, and Beyond
Discourse on food ethics often advocates the anti-capitalist idea that we need less capitalism, less growth, and less globalization if we want to make the world a better and more equitable place. This idea is also familiar from much discourse in global ethics, environment, and political theory, more generally. However, many experts argue that this anti-capitalist idea is not supported by reason and argument, and is actually wrong. As part of the …
Philosophy and Climate Change
Does the Repugnant Conclusion Have Important Implications for Axiology or for Public Policy?
Formal arguments have proven that avoiding the Repugnant Conclusion is impossible without rejecting one or more highly plausible population principles. To many, such proofs establish not only a deep challenge for axiology, but also pose an important practical problem of how policy-making can confidently proceed without resolving any of the central questions of population ethics. Here we offer deflationary responses: first to the practical challen…
Community- Versus Health Care Organization–Based Approaches to Expanding At-Home Covid-19 Testing in Black and Latino Communities, New Jersey, 2021
At-home COVID-19 testing offers convenience and safety advantages. We evaluated at-home testing in Black and Latino communities through an intervention comparing community-based organization (CBO) and health care organization (HCO) outreach. From May through December 2021, 1100 participants were recruited, 94% through CBOs. The odds of COVID-19 test requests and completions were significantly higher in the HCO arm. The results showed disparities …
Research Note
All leading long-term global population projections agree on continuing fertility decline, resulting in a rate of population size growth that will continue to decline toward zero and would eventually turn negative. However, scholarly and popular arguments have suggested that because fertility transmits intergenerationally (i.e., higher fertility parents tend to have higher fertility children) and is heterogeneous within a population, long-term po…
Monetizing Animal Welfare Impacts for Benefit–Cost Analysis
Animal welfare is often ignored in decision-making, despite widespread agreement about its importance. This is partly because of a lack of quantitative methods to assess the impacts of policies on humans and nonhumans alike on a common scale. At the same time, recent work in economics, philosophy, and animal welfare science has made progress on the fundamental theoretical challenge of estimating the well-being potential of different species on a …
Energy and Health
Seizing the policy opportunities for health- and equity-improving energy decisions
Economics (19 obras) · Political science (16 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Law (10 obras) · Philosophy (10 obras) · Natural resource economics (9 obras) · Climate change (8 obras) · Environmental ethics (8 obras) · Public economics (8 obras) · Business (7 obras)