William O'Grady
Biographic Data
| ID | 4533602 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William O'Grady |
| GIVEN NAMES | William |
| FAMILY NAME | O'Grady |
| SIGNATURE | GRADY W O |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 80 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Jejueo: The Language of Korea’s Jeju Island
Asymmetry in children's comprehension of raising
This paper investigates English-speaking children's acquisition of raising constructions (e.g. John seems to Mary to be happy ) and finds an asymmetric effect of NP type on their comprehension: an improvement in performance is observed when a lexical NP is raised across a pronominal experiencer (e.g. John seems to her to be happy ) compared to when a pronoun is raised across a lexical NP experiencer (e.g. He seems to Mary to be happy ). These res…
Asymmetries in children's production of relative clauses: Data from English and Korean
We report here on a series of elicited production experiments that investigate the production of indirect object and oblique relative clauses by monolingual child learners of English and Korean. Taken together, the results from the two languages point toward a pair of robust asymmetries: children manifest a preference for subject relative clauses over indirect object relative clauses, and for direct object relative clauses over oblique relative c…
The Protective Association between Pet Ownership and Depression among Street-involved Youth: A Cross-sectional Study
Street-involved youth represent a particularly vulnerable subsection of the homeless population and are at increased risk of health problems, substance abuse, and depression. Qualitative research has demon- strated that animal companions help homeless youth cope with loneliness, are motivators for positive change, such as decreasing drug or alcohol use, provide unconditional love without judgement, and improve youths' sense of health. To quantita…
Language Development: Emergentist Theories
Frequency effects and processing
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Processing Determinism
I propose that the course of development in first and second language acquisition is shaped by two types of processing pressures-internal efficiency-related factors relevant to easing the burden on working memory and external input-related factors such as frequency of occurrence. In an attempt to document the role of internal factors, I consider a series of case studies involving contrasts that are rarely instantiated in the input, yet show early…
Effects of Companion Animal Ownership among Canadian Street-involved Youth: A Qualitative Analysis
In Canada, approximately 150,000 youth are homeless on any given night, and many have companion animals. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study explored the issues and effects of companion animal ownership among street-involved youth from the perspective of the youth themselves. "Pet before self" was the substantive theme, with first level sub-themes of "physical" and "emotional" effects. Previously unidentified fi…
Language acquisition without an acquisition device
Most explanatory work on first and second language learning assumes the primacy of the acquisition phenomenon itself, and a good deal of work has been devoted to the search for an ‘acquisition device’ that is specific to humans, and perhaps even to language. I will consider the possibility that this strategy is misguided and that language acquisition is a secondary effect of processing amelioration: attempts by the processor to facilitate its own…
Practical and Theoretical Issues in the Study of Heritage Language Acquisition
A promising source of insights into heritage language learning comes from the broader study of the role of input in language acquisition. We concentrate here on the possibility that qualitative differences in the proficiency of heritage and monolingual language learners can be traced to a qualitative difference in the input available to each group. By examining a series of representative phenomena (case, differential object marking, and disjuncti…
A Note on Canonical Word Order
In this brief report, we summarize the results of an experiment on the interpretation of English word order patterns by adult Korean- and Japanese-speaking second language learners. Our results suggest that a direct relationship between a construction's word order and the structure of the corresponding event has a greater facilitative effect on comprehension than does frequency.
Grammar, processing and acquisition
Drozd notes that Crain & Thornton's view of children's processing capacities (namely that they are the same as those of adults) is inconsistent both with the more widely held view that there are at least quantitative differences between the performance systems of children and adults, and with what is known about the acquisition of many grammatical phenomena. There is, I believe, an additional consideration that must be brought to bear here: there…
Inversion without grammar
MacWhinney's paper focuses on the role of input and learning strategies in explaining how language is acquired, essentially denying the poverty of stimulus assumption on which the so-called ‘logical problem of language acquisition’ is based
Word order preferences for direct and indirect objects in children learning Korean
Pre-school Korean children typically manifest higher comprehension rates on the ‘unmarked’ SOV sentences of their language than on the ‘scrambled’ OSV patterns. To date, however, scant attention has been paid to children's ordering preferences with respect to direct and indirect objects. The results of an act-out comprehension experiment involving 40 subjects (aged 4;0 to 7;0) show a strong, statistically significant preference for the accusative…
Syntactic Development
Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction
Preface to the UK second edition Acknowledgements List of technical abbreviations Chapter 1: Language: A Preview Chapter 2: Phonetics: The Sounds of Language Chapter 3: Phonology: The Function and Patterning of Sounds Chapter 4: Morphology: The Analysis of Word Structure Chapter 5: Syntax: The Analysis of Sentence Structure Chapter 6: Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning Chapter 7: Cognitive Grammar Chapter 8: Historical Linguistics: The Study of L…
The Syntax of Idioms
Categories and Case: The Sentence Structure of Korean
Language acquisition without Universal Grammar: A general nativist proposal for L2 learning
This article explores the prospects for a 'general nativist' theory of first and second language acquisition. A modular acquisition device that does not include Universal Grammar (UG) is outlined and its role in the emergence of an L1 is considered. The relevance of this proposal for a theory of SLA is then explored, leading to the suggestion that the properties and outcome typical of postadolescent L2 learning can be traced to the fact that adul…
Anaphora and branching direction in Japanese
This paper constitutes a response to Lust & Mazuka's (1989) defence of the Principal Branching Direction parameter and their critique of O'Grady, Suzuki-Wei & Cho's (1986) experiment, which purported to show that even children learning left-branching languages exhibit a preference for forward patterns of anaphora. Results of new experimental work with children learning Japanese are reported and shown to support the claim that there is a universal…
Violence and Public Anxiety
Foundations of General Linguistics
The transition from optional to required subjects
We propose (contra Hyams, 1986) that the optional subject phenomenon in early child language arises because children have not yet acquired the morphological elements (primarily modals and tense) necessary to distinguish Subject-Taking (ST) verbs (e.g. finite verbs) from their non-Subject-Taking (NST) counterparts (e.g. infinitives). Unaware of this distinction, children are able only to observe that verbs sometimes occur with subjects and sometim…
Functional Syntax: Anaphora, Discourse and Empathy
Principles of Grammar and Learning
Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction
Preface to the UK second edition Acknowledgements List of technical abbreviations Chapter 1: Language: A Preview Chapter 2: Phonetics: The Sounds of Language Chapter 3: Phonology: The Function and Patterning of Sounds Chapter 4: Morphology: The Analysis of Word Structure Chapter 5: Syntax: The Analysis of Sentence Structure Chapter 6: Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning Chapter 7: Cognitive Grammar Chapter 8: Historical Linguistics: The Study of L…
The Syntax of Idioms
The Protective Association between Pet Ownership and Depression among Street-involved Youth: A Cross-sectional Study
Street-involved youth represent a particularly vulnerable subsection of the homeless population and are at increased risk of health problems, substance abuse, and depression. Qualitative research has demon- strated that animal companions help homeless youth cope with loneliness, are motivators for positive change, such as decreasing drug or alcohol use, provide unconditional love without judgement, and improve youths' sense of health. To quantita…
Processing Determinism
I propose that the course of development in first and second language acquisition is shaped by two types of processing pressures-internal efficiency-related factors relevant to easing the burden on working memory and external input-related factors such as frequency of occurrence. In an attempt to document the role of internal factors, I consider a series of case studies involving contrasts that are rarely instantiated in the input, yet show early…
Language acquisition without an acquisition device
Most explanatory work on first and second language learning assumes the primacy of the acquisition phenomenon itself, and a good deal of work has been devoted to the search for an ‘acquisition device’ that is specific to humans, and perhaps even to language. I will consider the possibility that this strategy is misguided and that language acquisition is a secondary effect of processing amelioration: attempts by the processor to facilitate its own…
Language acquisition without Universal Grammar: A general nativist proposal for L2 learning
This article explores the prospects for a 'general nativist' theory of first and second language acquisition. A modular acquisition device that does not include Universal Grammar (UG) is outlined and its role in the emergence of an L1 is considered. The relevance of this proposal for a theory of SLA is then explored, leading to the suggestion that the properties and outcome typical of postadolescent L2 learning can be traced to the fact that adul…
Effects of Companion Animal Ownership among Canadian Street-involved Youth: A Qualitative Analysis
In Canada, approximately 150,000 youth are homeless on any given night, and many have companion animals. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study explored the issues and effects of companion animal ownership among street-involved youth from the perspective of the youth themselves. "Pet before self" was the substantive theme, with first level sub-themes of "physical" and "emotional" effects. Previously unidentified fi…
The Interpretation of Korean Anaphora: The Role and Representation of Grammatical Relations
The principles of sentence grammar involved in the interpretation of the Korean anaphor caki ‘self’ are largely insensitive to the command-type relations which form a crucial part of binding theory for English and related languages. The principles required for Korean make reference to grammatical relations such as subject and object; to linear precedence; and to syntactic categories like NP, VP, and S. It is argued here that grammatical relations…
Rule ordering and case assignment
This paper explores a set of difficulties associated with the interaction between Case assignment rules and the transformation of a movement. After critically examining Chomsky's (1980) claim that general conventions suffice to ensure the proper interaction of these rules, the author suggests that rule ordering or its equivalent is required to ensure that Case assignment and a movement do not overgenerate
Directionality preferences in the interpretation of anaphora: Data from Korean and Japanese
Recent work by Lust and others has led to the prediction that children acquiring left-branching languages will exhibit a preference for backward patterns of anaphora. In this paper, we test this prediction against data from Korean and Japanese and show it to be false. An alternative hypothesis proposing a preference for forward patterns of anaphora is outlined and possible explanations for earlier experimental results supporting Lust's prediction…
The Interpretation of Korean Anaphora: The Role and Representation of Grammatical Relations
The principles of sentence grammar involved in the interpretation of the Korean anaphor caki ‘self’ are largely insensitive to the command-type relations which form a crucial part of binding theory for English and related languages. The principles required for Korean make reference to grammatical relations such as subject and object; to linear precedence; and to syntactic categories like NP, VP, and S. It is argued here that grammatical relations…
Functional Syntax: Anaphora, Discourse and Empathy
Principles of Grammar and Learning
The transition from optional to required subjects
We propose (contra Hyams, 1986) that the optional subject phenomenon in early child language arises because children have not yet acquired the morphological elements (primarily modals and tense) necessary to distinguish Subject-Taking (ST) verbs (e.g. finite verbs) from their non-Subject-Taking (NST) counterparts (e.g. infinitives). Unaware of this distinction, children are able only to observe that verbs sometimes occur with subjects and sometim…
Foundations of General Linguistics
Violence and Public Anxiety
Anaphora and branching direction in Japanese
This paper constitutes a response to Lust & Mazuka's (1989) defence of the Principal Branching Direction parameter and their critique of O'Grady, Suzuki-Wei & Cho's (1986) experiment, which purported to show that even children learning left-branching languages exhibit a preference for forward patterns of anaphora. Results of new experimental work with children learning Japanese are reported and shown to support the claim that there is a universal…
Language acquisition without Universal Grammar: A general nativist proposal for L2 learning
This article explores the prospects for a 'general nativist' theory of first and second language acquisition. A modular acquisition device that does not include Universal Grammar (UG) is outlined and its role in the emergence of an L1 is considered. The relevance of this proposal for a theory of SLA is then explored, leading to the suggestion that the properties and outcome typical of postadolescent L2 learning can be traced to the fact that adul…
The Syntax of Idioms
Categories and Case: The Sentence Structure of Korean
Syntactic Development
Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction
Preface to the UK second edition Acknowledgements List of technical abbreviations Chapter 1: Language: A Preview Chapter 2: Phonetics: The Sounds of Language Chapter 3: Phonology: The Function and Patterning of Sounds Chapter 4: Morphology: The Analysis of Word Structure Chapter 5: Syntax: The Analysis of Sentence Structure Chapter 6: Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning Chapter 7: Cognitive Grammar Chapter 8: Historical Linguistics: The Study of L…
Word order preferences for direct and indirect objects in children learning Korean
Pre-school Korean children typically manifest higher comprehension rates on the ‘unmarked’ SOV sentences of their language than on the ‘scrambled’ OSV patterns. To date, however, scant attention has been paid to children's ordering preferences with respect to direct and indirect objects. The results of an act-out comprehension experiment involving 40 subjects (aged 4;0 to 7;0) show a strong, statistically significant preference for the accusative…
Grammar, processing and acquisition
Drozd notes that Crain & Thornton's view of children's processing capacities (namely that they are the same as those of adults) is inconsistent both with the more widely held view that there are at least quantitative differences between the performance systems of children and adults, and with what is known about the acquisition of many grammatical phenomena. There is, I believe, an additional consideration that must be brought to bear here: there…
Inversion without grammar
MacWhinney's paper focuses on the role of input and learning strategies in explaining how language is acquired, essentially denying the poverty of stimulus assumption on which the so-called ‘logical problem of language acquisition’ is based
A Note on Canonical Word Order
In this brief report, we summarize the results of an experiment on the interpretation of English word order patterns by adult Korean- and Japanese-speaking second language learners. Our results suggest that a direct relationship between a construction's word order and the structure of the corresponding event has a greater facilitative effect on comprehension than does frequency.
Practical and Theoretical Issues in the Study of Heritage Language Acquisition
A promising source of insights into heritage language learning comes from the broader study of the role of input in language acquisition. We concentrate here on the possibility that qualitative differences in the proficiency of heritage and monolingual language learners can be traced to a qualitative difference in the input available to each group. By examining a series of representative phenomena (case, differential object marking, and disjuncti…
Language acquisition without an acquisition device
Most explanatory work on first and second language learning assumes the primacy of the acquisition phenomenon itself, and a good deal of work has been devoted to the search for an ‘acquisition device’ that is specific to humans, and perhaps even to language. I will consider the possibility that this strategy is misguided and that language acquisition is a secondary effect of processing amelioration: attempts by the processor to facilitate its own…
Effects of Companion Animal Ownership among Canadian Street-involved Youth: A Qualitative Analysis
In Canada, approximately 150,000 youth are homeless on any given night, and many have companion animals. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study explored the issues and effects of companion animal ownership among street-involved youth from the perspective of the youth themselves. "Pet before self" was the substantive theme, with first level sub-themes of "physical" and "emotional" effects. Previously unidentified fi…
Language Development: Emergentist Theories
Frequency effects and processing
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Processing Determinism
I propose that the course of development in first and second language acquisition is shaped by two types of processing pressures-internal efficiency-related factors relevant to easing the burden on working memory and external input-related factors such as frequency of occurrence. In an attempt to document the role of internal factors, I consider a series of case studies involving contrasts that are rarely instantiated in the input, yet show early…
Asymmetries in children's production of relative clauses: Data from English and Korean
We report here on a series of elicited production experiments that investigate the production of indirect object and oblique relative clauses by monolingual child learners of English and Korean. Taken together, the results from the two languages point toward a pair of robust asymmetries: children manifest a preference for subject relative clauses over indirect object relative clauses, and for direct object relative clauses over oblique relative c…
Psychology (22 works) · Linguistics (21 works) · Philosophy (18 works) · Computer Science (14 works) · Language Development and Disorders (11 works) · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation (8 works) · Cognitive psychology (7 works) · Mathematics (7 works) · Reading and Literacy Development (6 works) · Cognitive science (5 works)