Cole
Biographic Data
| ID | 4535 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Cole |
| FAMILY NAME | Cole |
| SIGNATURE | COLE |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stony Brook University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3199-7486 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 55 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 386 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 55 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1923 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
When Does Balancing Justify Religious Exemptions? The Case of Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
This paper analyses the moral structure of claims to religious exemptions that appeal to the logic of balancing, or the idea that one’s higher-order interests are unequally burdened relative to other parties’ higher-order interests and this burden requires easing through exemptions. In particular, I discuss whether the logic of balancing can justify a religious exemption in an idealised version of Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Com…
What's Wrong with Sociology
Since the 1950s sociology has experienced a decline in prestige when compared with the other social sciences. In some highly publicized cases some universities have retrenched their sociology departments, others are contemplating either retrenchment or downsizing of their departments. Although there are some practitioners of the discipline who believe that it has never been in better shape, many sociologists have come to believe that there are ve…
The Growth of Scientific Knowledge
This chapter outlines some of the problems raised by Thomas Kuhn and then, using the field of deviance research as an example, illustrates how might go about empirically investigating a few of these problems. The late 1960s, social structure and anomie (SS&A) was probably the dominant theory in the area of deviance. Many sociologists have turned their attention to the symbolic interactionist-labeling perspective on deviance. Prior to the 1950s mo…
Why Are Professors Liberal and Why Do Conservatives Care
Sasha and Emma: The Anarchist Odyssey of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman
Before Paul Avrich, the preeminent historian of anarchism, died in 2006 he asked his daughter Karen Avrich to complete the manuscript on which he was working. The result is Sasha and Emma, a book that recaptures two lives that, as Emma Goldman herself remarked, were “so interwoven it is impossible to separate one from the other” (p. 395). From their first meeting in 1889 until Alexander “Sasha” Berkman's death in 1936 their fierce attachment to o…
Who is the Father? Changing Perceptions of Tallis and Byrd in Late Nineteenth-Century England
The extensive prefatory material of the Cantiones sacrae of 1575 casts Tallis and Byrd jointly as the parents of English music, but during the nineteenth century Tallis's position as ‘Father of English Church Music’ was undisputed, while Byrd's music was relatively neglected. The turn of the twentieth century, however, saw the beginning of a re-evaluation of the respective merits of the two composers. This article examines the nineteenth-century …
Disciplinary knowledge revisited: The social construction of sociology
Recommended Books
Merton’s Contribution to the Sociology of Science
This paper is reminiscence and a critique of Robert K. Merton’s work in the sociology of science. The author got to know Merton very well as he served as his student, assistant, and colleague for 15 years from 1960. Merton’s works which are most discussed are his doctoral dissertation on Puritanism and science, his paper on scientific norms, and his paper ‘The Matthew Effect’. He is criticized for not generalizing far enough from his work on the …
The Scientific Productivity of Nations
How Does Peer Review Work and Can It be Improved
The Scientific Revolution
Progress in the natural and social sciences: A reply to wallace
Why sociology doesn't make progress like the natural sciences
Introduction: What's wrong with sociology
Realism, Social Constructivism, and Outcomes in Science
Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process, Vol. 1. By Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, Na…
Journal Article Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process, Vol. 1.By Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine Get access Stephen Cole Stephen Cole SUNY at Stony Brook Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume …
Milestones and Millstones: Social Science at the National Science Foundation, 1945-1991. Otto N. Larsen
Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process, Vol. 1
Why fewer women become physicians: Explaining the premed persistence gap
Peerless Science: Peer Review and U.S. Science Policy
Drifting Continents and Colliding Paradigms: Perspectives on the Geoscience Revolution. John A. Stewart
Science and Cultural Context: Soviet Scientists in Comparative Perspective.Nina Toren
The Confusion of Outcomes with Process: Reply to Gross
World Bank Forecasts and Planning in the Third World
The growth forecasts of the World Bank have become increasingly influential for the planning efforts of developing countries. However, after reviewing these forecasts this author concludes that the projections of the Bank for the economic growth rates both of the industrial and of the developing countries are systematically biased, and its estimates of the locomotive effect for developing countries are ambiguous. A similar pattern is reflected in…
Scientific Output and Recognition: A Study in the Operation of the Reward System in Science
The Hierarchy of the Sciences
This response focuses on the treatment of latent print identification by the recent National Academy of Science (NAS) Report on forensic science. It begins by situating the Report in the historical context of a decade of controversy over the validity of latent print identification. Stark disagreement between the academic and judicial communities over this issue created a situation in which the question of which of these two communities would ‘spe…
What's Wrong with Sociology
Since the 1950s sociology has experienced a decline in prestige when compared with the other social sciences. In some highly publicized cases some universities have retrenched their sociology departments, others are contemplating either retrenchment or downsizing of their departments. Although there are some practitioners of the discipline who believe that it has never been in better shape, many sociologists have come to believe that there are ve…
Age and Scientific Performance
The long-standing belief that age is negatively associated with scientific productivity and creativity is shown to be based upon incorrect analysis of data. Analysis of data from a cross-section of academic scientists in six different fields indicates that age has a slight curvilinear relationship with both quality and quantity of scientific output. These results are supported by an analysis of a cohort of mathematicians who received their Ph.D.'…
Illness and the Legitimation of Failure
In achievement oriented societies one may use illness to justify failure to fulfill socially prescribed role obligations. This hypothesis is tested on two samples of welfare mothers and one sample of working class black women. Many welfare mothers accept the dominant cultural view that being on welfare is a result of personal failure. When women accept this view and give up hope of getting off welfare, they are prone to adopt the sick role to leg…
Visibility and the Structural Bases of Awareness of Scientific Research
Why sociology doesn't make progress like the natural sciences
Introduction: What's wrong with sociology
Merton’s Contribution to the Sociology of Science
This paper is reminiscence and a critique of Robert K. Merton’s work in the sociology of science. The author got to know Merton very well as he served as his student, assistant, and colleague for 15 years from 1960. Merton’s works which are most discussed are his doctoral dissertation on Puritanism and science, his paper on scientific norms, and his paper ‘The Matthew Effect’. He is criticized for not generalizing far enough from his work on the …
Why fewer women become physicians: Explaining the premed persistence gap
Teacher's Strike: A Study of the Conversion of Predisposition Into Action
Five non-teaching statuses (e. g., religion) were found to influence the predisposition of teachers toward a strike.But not all teachers acted in accord with their predispositions. This paper reports research on the social processes influencing the conversion of predisposition into action. Teachers were most likely to act in accord with their predisposition when they received social support from colleagues and were not under cross-pressure.Four d…
Sex Discrimination and Admission to Medical School, 1929-1984
Beginning in the early 1970s there was a dramatic increase in the proportion of women admitted to medical school. The previous low proportion of women entering medicine could have resulted from sex-role socialization that influenced women not to aspire to careers in medicine and/or from direct discrimination by medical schools. Utilizing historical data on both application and admissions to medical school, this paper tests the specific hypothesis…
Professional Standing and the Reception of Scientific Discoveries
The Matthew Effect occurs when scientists receive differential recognition for a particular scientific contribution depending on their location in the stratification system. Merton originally introduced the concept to explain the allocation of credit among authors of multiple discoveries or collaborators. In this paper the concept is generalized to apply to all scientific work. If the Matthew Effect were to operate, the reception of papers of equ…
Do Journal Rejection Rates Index Consensus
Hargens has made a significant contribution to our continuing attempt to understand the cognitive and social differences between scientific disciplines. A primary issue is to what extent does the level of cognitive consensus in the natural and the social sciences differ? Hargens (1975) and most others (e.g., Kuhn 1970, Lodahl and Gordon 1972, Price 1970, Storer 1967, and Zuckerman and Merton 1971; 1973) have long advocated the accepted assumption…
The Scientific Productivity of Nations
The Unionization of Teachers: A Case Study of the UFT
The Unionization of Teachers: Determinants of Rank-and-File Support
Teachers have traditionally been thought of as conservative and submissive. Yet they have increasingly adopted militant tactics to achieve their goals. Using data from two surveys this paper analyzes the determinants of rankand-file support of militancy. We show how non-teaching statuses were influential in creating either positive or negative predisposition towards the union movement. Statuses such as religion, political affiliation, and class o…
Professional Status and Faculty Support of Student Demonstrations
In the spring of 1968, education at Columbia University was disrupted by a massive student sit-in and strike. This paper presents data on how faculty support for the demonstration was influenced by several aspects of professional status, such as academic success, professional emminence, and location within a particular division of the university. The authors conclude that the attitudes of Columbia University faculty members toward the demonstrati…
Determinants of Faculty Support for Student Demonstrations
In the spring of 1968, education at Columbia University was disrupted by a massive student sit-in and strike. This paper presents data on how faculty support was influenced by non-professional statuses, which guided the development of faculty opinion as the crisis progressed. Religion, political affiliation, father's occupation, age and sex were all correlated with attitudinal support of the demonstration. The effect of the first three of these n…
World Bank Forecasts and Planning in the Third World
The growth forecasts of the World Bank have become increasingly influential for the planning efforts of developing countries. However, after reviewing these forecasts this author concludes that the projections of the Bank for the economic growth rates both of the industrial and of the developing countries are systematically biased, and its estimates of the locomotive effect for developing countries are ambiguous. A similar pattern is reflected in…
The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations
Sasha and Emma: The Anarchist Odyssey of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman
Before Paul Avrich, the preeminent historian of anarchism, died in 2006 he asked his daughter Karen Avrich to complete the manuscript on which he was working. The result is Sasha and Emma, a book that recaptures two lives that, as Emma Goldman herself remarked, were “so interwoven it is impossible to separate one from the other” (p. 395). From their first meeting in 1889 until Alexander “Sasha” Berkman's death in 1936 their fierce attachment to o…
Who is the Father? Changing Perceptions of Tallis and Byrd in Late Nineteenth-Century England
The extensive prefatory material of the Cantiones sacrae of 1575 casts Tallis and Byrd jointly as the parents of English music, but during the nineteenth century Tallis's position as ‘Father of English Church Music’ was undisputed, while Byrd's music was relatively neglected. The turn of the twentieth century, however, saw the beginning of a re-evaluation of the respective merits of the two composers. This article examines the nineteenth-century …
Disciplinary knowledge revisited: The social construction of sociology
How Does Peer Review Work and Can It be Improved
Our Home Ports
Scientific Output and Recognition: A Study in the Operation of the Reward System in Science
Visibility and the Structural Bases of Awareness of Scientific Research
The Unionization of Teachers: Determinants of Rank-and-File Support
Teachers have traditionally been thought of as conservative and submissive. Yet they have increasingly adopted militant tactics to achieve their goals. Using data from two surveys this paper analyzes the determinants of rankand-file support of militancy. We show how non-teaching statuses were influential in creating either positive or negative predisposition towards the union movement. Statuses such as religion, political affiliation, and class o…
Science in Modern Society
Determinants of Faculty Support for Student Demonstrations
In the spring of 1968, education at Columbia University was disrupted by a massive student sit-in and strike. This paper presents data on how faculty support was influenced by non-professional statuses, which guided the development of faculty opinion as the crisis progressed. Religion, political affiliation, father's occupation, age and sex were all correlated with attitudinal support of the demonstration. The effect of the first three of these n…
Teacher's Strike: A Study of the Conversion of Predisposition Into Action
Five non-teaching statuses (e. g., religion) were found to influence the predisposition of teachers toward a strike.But not all teachers acted in accord with their predispositions. This paper reports research on the social processes influencing the conversion of predisposition into action. Teachers were most likely to act in accord with their predisposition when they received social support from colleagues and were not under cross-pressure.Four d…
Professional Standing and the Reception of Scientific Discoveries
The Matthew Effect occurs when scientists receive differential recognition for a particular scientific contribution depending on their location in the stratification system. Merton originally introduced the concept to explain the allocation of credit among authors of multiple discoveries or collaborators. In this paper the concept is generalized to apply to all scientific work. If the Matthew Effect were to operate, the reception of papers of equ…
Professional Status and Faculty Support of Student Demonstrations
In the spring of 1968, education at Columbia University was disrupted by a massive student sit-in and strike. This paper presents data on how faculty support for the demonstration was influenced by several aspects of professional status, such as academic success, professional emminence, and location within a particular division of the university. The authors conclude that the attitudes of Columbia University faculty members toward the demonstrati…
The Unionization of Teachers: A Case Study of the UFT
United Federation of Teachers: A Case Study of the UFT
Illness and the Legitimation of Failure
In achievement oriented societies one may use illness to justify failure to fulfill socially prescribed role obligations. This hypothesis is tested on two samples of welfare mothers and one sample of working class black women. Many welfare mothers accept the dominant cultural view that being on welfare is a result of personal failure. When women accept this view and give up hope of getting off welfare, they are prone to adopt the sick role to leg…
The Spiral of Conflict: Berkeley, 1964
The Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666-1803
Reflections on Teacher Militancy and Unionization
The Sociological Method
Social Stratification in Science
Social Stratification in Science
Social Stratification in Science
Social Stratification in Science
The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations
The Vernacular Group of L.L. Bean: Toward a New Definition in American Material Culture
Age and Scientific Performance
The long-standing belief that age is negatively associated with scientific productivity and creativity is shown to be based upon incorrect analysis of data. Analysis of data from a cross-section of academic scientists in six different fields indicates that age has a slight curvilinear relationship with both quality and quantity of scientific output. These results are supported by an analysis of a cohort of mathematicians who received their Ph.D.'…
Competence is Not Enough
Chance and Consensus in Peer Review
An experiment in which 150 proposals submitted to the National Science Foundation were evaluated independently by a new set of reviewers indicates that getting a research grant depends to a significant extent on chance. The degree of disagreement within the population of eligible reviewers is such that whether or not a proposal is funded depends in a large proportion of cases upon which reviewers happen to be selected for it. No evidence of syste…
Sociology (32 works) · Political science (31 works) · Psychology (18 works) · Social science (17 works) · Law (16 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Epistemology (13 works) · Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice (11 works) · Philosophy (11 works) · Law (9 works)