G M Breakwell
Biographic Data
| ID | 47777 |
|---|---|
| NAME | G M Breakwell |
| GIVEN NAMES | G M |
| FAMILY NAME | Breakwell |
| SIGNATURE | BREAKWELL G M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Bath |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2002-5681 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 236 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 53 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Fear during crises: The roles of perceived risk, appraisal support and identity resilience
Emotions, such as fear, are important determinants of people’s responses to crises. Fear can be functional or dysfunctional. There is limited research into the influences determining fear levels during crises. This study examines the extent to which variance in fear levels can be accounted for by perceived risk, perceived appraisal support, identity resilience, and perceived job insecurity. Cross-sectional correlational survey data were collected…
Minority stressors, protective factors and mental health outcomes in lesbian, gay and bisexual people in the UK
Race/Ethnicity and Covid‐19
This entry focuses on the significance of race and ethnicity in relation to COVID‐19, and in particular on the disparities faced during the pandemic by racial and ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom and the United States. Empirical research into physical health, mental health, and engagement in preventive behaviors in the context of COVID‐19 is discussed. Some of the main social psychological factors that appear to contribute to racial and et…
Vaccine Hesitancy
Vaccine hesitancy entails being conflicted about, or opposed to, getting vaccinated. It is ranked as a major global health threat. Relationships between vaccine hesitancy and sociodemographic characteristics (such as age, gender, and ethnicity) vary over time and by disease type. Identity resilience, fear, risk, and mistrust also shape vaccine hesitancy
Identity resilience, science mistrust, Covid-19 risk and fear predictors of vaccine positivity and vaccination likelihood: A survey of UK and Portuguese samples
Based on Identity Process Theory, we hypothesised that two elements of identity resilience (identity worth and identity continuity) differentially predict variance in COVID-19 fear and risk, science mistrust, vaccine positivity, and vaccination likelihood. Data from an online survey of 643 UK and 485 Portuguese adults collected during March 2021 showed the UK and Portuguese did not differ significantly on vaccination likelihood or identity resili…
Social support, perceived risk and the likelihood of Covid-19 testing and vaccination: Cross-sectional data from the United Kingdom
Two samples of 227 and 214 adults completed surveys of social support, perceived risk of COVID-19 and COVID-19 preventive activity – in Study 1 likelihood of testing was examined and in Study 2 likelihood of both testing and vaccination were examined during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Path analysis showed, in Study 1, that access to help (as an indicator of social support) had a direct effect on likelihood of testing and indirect…
Socio-economic inequalities in social network, loneliness and mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic
BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a focus on isolation and loneliness is important, especially as social distancing policies (which for some groups involve self-isolation or quarantine) are likely to accentuate these experiences and affect mental health. AIMS: This study focuses on socio-economic inequalities in social network, loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: -tests and multiple regression. RESULTS: Mid…
Trust in science, homonegativity, and HIV stigma: Experimental data from the United Kingdom and Germany
HIV stigma and its corollary HIV fear constitute significant barriers to HIV prevention. This quasi-experimental study examined social psychological predictors of HIV stigma and HIV fear, respectively, based on data from 516 participants in the United Kingdom and Germany. Participants completed baseline measures of HIV knowledge, trust in science and scientists and homonegativity. They were then randomly assigned to one of three experimental cond…
Influences of nationality and national identification on perceived dangerousness of Covid-19 variants and perceived effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines: A study of UK and Portuguese samples
During the COVID-19 pandemic, both variants of the virus that causes the disease and vaccines developed to combat it have been identified with nationalities. Both social identity theory and identity process theory would predict that this would initiate intergroup differentiation processes aimed at optimizing ingroup value and personal identity enhancement. Our study examined whether people’s nationality and level of national identification influe…
The Identity Resilience Index: Development and Validation in Two UK Samples
Identity resilience is conceptualized in Identity Process Theory as a relatively stable self-schema, akin to a trait. Identity resilience is said to be high when individuals perceive their identity to be characterized by a high overall combined rating of their self-efficacy, self-esteem, continuity and distinctiveness. People reporting higher identity resilience respond more favorably to, and cope more effectively with, events and situations that…
Identity processes and musicians during the Covid-19 pandemic
Musicians, both professional and amateur creators of music, faced economic, social, and psychological hardship during the pandemic. In this article, we use identity process theory from social psychology to interpret the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on identity processes among musicians, including the significance of identity resilience and identity threat to their experience, and the strategies that may be employed in response to pos…
Covid-19 preventive behaviours in White British and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (Bame) people in the UK
A model of the effects of ethnicity, political trust, trust in science, perceived ingroup power, COVID-19 risk and fear of COVID-19 upon likelihood of COVID-19 preventive behaviour (CPB) is presented. The structural equation model was a good fit for survey data from 478 White British and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) people. Ethnicity had a direct effect on CPB (BAME reported higher CPB) and an indirect effect on it through political tr…
The Covid-19 Own Risk Appraisal Scale (Coras): Development and validation in two samples from the United Kingdom
Perceived risk is an important determinant of the adoption of preventive behaviours. In this article, the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Own Risk Appraisal Scale (CORAS), including its development and validation in two samples in the United Kingdom, are described. The CORAS is a measure of perceived personal risk of contracting the disease, incorporating primarily intuitive with some analytic risk estimates. Exploratory and confirmatory …
Identity resilience: Its origins in identity processes and its role in coping with threat
This paper describes a model of identity resilience developed within social psychology and derived specifically from the basic tenets of Identity Process Theory (IPT). Identity resilience refers to the extent to which an individual possesses an identity structure that: facilitates adaptive coping in the face of threat or uncertainty, can absorb change while retaining its subjective meaning and value, and is perceived to be able to cope with threa…
Identity resilience, social support and internalised homonegativity in gay men
Identity resilience, a key concept in identity process theory (IPT), refers to individuals’ capacity to cope with threats to their identity. Identity resilience is based upon four identity principles: self-efficacy; self-esteem; positive distinctiveness; and, continuity. This study investigates whether identity resilience influences how much gay men internalise homonegativity. Given the insidious effects of internalised homonegativity upon psycho…
Coming Out, Distress and Identity Threat in Gay Men in the UK
Introduction Coming out as gay can be a psychologically challenging event, and recall of a negative coming out experience can initiate subsequent identity changes in gay men. We tested whether baseline levels of identity resilience and internalized homonegativity moderate these effects. Methods A between-participant experimental study, with an ethnically diverse sample of 333 gay men in the United Kingdom (UK), examined levels of contemporaneous …
Mistrust, uncertainty and health risks
Aspects of the relationship between mistrust, uncertainty and risk responses are examined. Identity Process Theory and Social Representation Theory are used to explain risk responses. The operation of mistrust, defined here as an active state of uncertainty about whether a source or its assertions are to be believed, is examined. Mistrust can also be a cognitive or emotional trait of a person, associated with being habitually suspicious, doubtful…
Identity change, uncertainty and mistrust in relation to fear and risk of Covid-19
The COVID-19 pandemic produced threats not only to physical and psychological health but also to the very fabric of family, work and social life. Individuals differ markedly in their ability to cope with such threats. Drawing on Identity Process Theory, our study examines identity processes that shape emotional and attitudinal responses to COVID-19. Survey data were collected from 251 adults in the UK during July 2020. Identity resilience, trust …
British national identity and life satisfaction in ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom
This study examines British national identification in survey data from 226 Indians, Pakistanis, Black Caribbeans and Black Africans. Black participants reported stronger ethnic identification and more frequent ethnic discrimination; and Pakistanis reported higher religiosity and more frequent religious discrimination, but stronger British national identification. Uncertainty about the meaning and accessibility of British national identity and pe…
Coping with Threatened Identities
People cope with threats to their identities in many different ways. Until the original publication of this title in 1986, there had been no theoretical framework within which to analyse their strategies for doing this, or to examine the nature and impact of the threatening experiences themselves. In this elegant and original book, Glynis Breakwell proposes an integrative model which explores the structure of identity and the principles directing…
Epilogue
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The Psychology of Risk
Since the first edition of The Psychology of Risk there have been enormous macro-economic and socio-political changes globally - the chaos in the world banking system and the financial crisis and recessions that it presaged; the Arab Spring and the revolutionary shifts in power in the Middle East with rippled consequences around the world; the development of ever-more sophisticated cyber-terrorism that can strike the private individual or the nat…
Risk: A very short introduction
Models of risk construction: Some applications to climate change
Social psychological models that describe how people perceive and react to hazards are presented. A risk representation is a product of a process in which a hazard is recognized, its characteristics identified, and the probability of its negative impacts occurring are estimated. This will often include developing an explanation for how the hazard has come into being. The ‘psychometric paradigm’ as a method for examining the perceived characterist…
The Psychology of Risk
Risk surrounds and envelopes us. Without understanding it, we risk everything and without capitalising on it, we gain nothing. This accessible book from Glynis M. Breakwell, first published in 2007, comprehensively explores the psychology of risk, examining how individuals think, feel and act, as well as considering the institutional and societal assessments, rhetorics and reactions about risk. Featuring chapters on all the major issues in the ps…
The Distinctiveness Principle: Identity, Meaning, and the Bounds of Cultural Relativity
Extending theories of distinctiveness motivation in identity (Breakwell, 1987; Brewer, 1991; Snyder & Fromkin, 1980), we discuss the precise role of distinctiveness in identity processes and the cross-cultural generality of the distinctiveness principle. We argue that (a) within Western cultures, distinctiveness is necessaryfor the construction of meaning within identity, and (b) the distinctiveness principle is not incompatible with non-Western …
Identity change, uncertainty and mistrust in relation to fear and risk of Covid-19
The COVID-19 pandemic produced threats not only to physical and psychological health but also to the very fabric of family, work and social life. Individuals differ markedly in their ability to cope with such threats. Drawing on Identity Process Theory, our study examines identity processes that shape emotional and attitudinal responses to COVID-19. Survey data were collected from 251 adults in the UK during July 2020. Identity resilience, trust …
Mental models and social representations of hazards: The significance of identity processes
This article examines the social influence processes that underpin the development of individual mental models of hazards and analyses the role that identity processes play in determining the nature and plasticity of the representations of risk that an individual will employ. It outlines the nature of the mental models approach (Morgan, Fischhoff, Bostrom and Atman, in press) to developing interventions in risk communication. It describes how soc…
The Identity Resilience Index: Development and Validation in Two UK Samples
Identity resilience is conceptualized in Identity Process Theory as a relatively stable self-schema, akin to a trait. Identity resilience is said to be high when individuals perceive their identity to be characterized by a high overall combined rating of their self-efficacy, self-esteem, continuity and distinctiveness. People reporting higher identity resilience respond more favorably to, and cope more effectively with, events and situations that…
Mistrust, uncertainty and health risks
Aspects of the relationship between mistrust, uncertainty and risk responses are examined. Identity Process Theory and Social Representation Theory are used to explain risk responses. The operation of mistrust, defined here as an active state of uncertainty about whether a source or its assertions are to be believed, is examined. Mistrust can also be a cognitive or emotional trait of a person, associated with being habitually suspicious, doubtful…
Covid-19 preventive behaviours in White British and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (Bame) people in the UK
A model of the effects of ethnicity, political trust, trust in science, perceived ingroup power, COVID-19 risk and fear of COVID-19 upon likelihood of COVID-19 preventive behaviour (CPB) is presented. The structural equation model was a good fit for survey data from 478 White British and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) people. Ethnicity had a direct effect on CPB (BAME reported higher CPB) and an indirect effect on it through political tr…
Coming Out, Distress and Identity Threat in Gay Men in the UK
Introduction Coming out as gay can be a psychologically challenging event, and recall of a negative coming out experience can initiate subsequent identity changes in gay men. We tested whether baseline levels of identity resilience and internalized homonegativity moderate these effects. Methods A between-participant experimental study, with an ethnically diverse sample of 333 gay men in the United Kingdom (UK), examined levels of contemporaneous …
Models of risk construction: Some applications to climate change
Social psychological models that describe how people perceive and react to hazards are presented. A risk representation is a product of a process in which a hazard is recognized, its characteristics identified, and the probability of its negative impacts occurring are estimated. This will often include developing an explanation for how the hazard has come into being. The ‘psychometric paradigm’ as a method for examining the perceived characterist…
The Covid-19 Own Risk Appraisal Scale (Coras): Development and validation in two samples from the United Kingdom
Perceived risk is an important determinant of the adoption of preventive behaviours. In this article, the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Own Risk Appraisal Scale (CORAS), including its development and validation in two samples in the United Kingdom, are described. The CORAS is a measure of perceived personal risk of contracting the disease, incorporating primarily intuitive with some analytic risk estimates. Exploratory and confirmatory …
British national identity and life satisfaction in ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom
This study examines British national identification in survey data from 226 Indians, Pakistanis, Black Caribbeans and Black Africans. Black participants reported stronger ethnic identification and more frequent ethnic discrimination; and Pakistanis reported higher religiosity and more frequent religious discrimination, but stronger British national identification. Uncertainty about the meaning and accessibility of British national identity and pe…
Sexual activities and preferences in a United Kingdom sample of 16 to 20-year-olds
Identity resilience: Its origins in identity processes and its role in coping with threat
This paper describes a model of identity resilience developed within social psychology and derived specifically from the basic tenets of Identity Process Theory (IPT). Identity resilience refers to the extent to which an individual possesses an identity structure that: facilitates adaptive coping in the face of threat or uncertainty, can absorb change while retaining its subjective meaning and value, and is perceived to be able to cope with threa…
Identity resilience, social support and internalised homonegativity in gay men
Identity resilience, a key concept in identity process theory (IPT), refers to individuals’ capacity to cope with threats to their identity. Identity resilience is based upon four identity principles: self-efficacy; self-esteem; positive distinctiveness; and, continuity. This study investigates whether identity resilience influences how much gay men internalise homonegativity. Given the insidious effects of internalised homonegativity upon psycho…
Predicting the Intention Not to Vote in Late Teenage: A U.K. Study of 17- and 18-Year-Olds
The great bulk of research into the psychology of voting behavior has been concerned with accounting for partisan preferences and political actions, particularly of unconventional kinds. Despite the fact that some 30% of the U.K. and over 50% of U.S. electorate fail to vote at general elections, little direct attention has been paid to accounting for nonvoting and political apathy in general. Utilizing British data from teenagers participating in…
Political and Attributional Responses of the Young Short-Term Unemployed
This study investigated the political responses of young people to unemployment and the ways in which they explain their own and other people's unemployment. These young people proved both disinterested in and disillusioned with traditional political forms of expression but were convinced of the possibility of violent social change and claimed to be willing to engage in it. If unemployed for a very short time they explained their own unemployment…
Identity resilience, science mistrust, Covid-19 risk and fear predictors of vaccine positivity and vaccination likelihood: A survey of UK and Portuguese samples
Based on Identity Process Theory, we hypothesised that two elements of identity resilience (identity worth and identity continuity) differentially predict variance in COVID-19 fear and risk, science mistrust, vaccine positivity, and vaccination likelihood. Data from an online survey of 643 UK and 485 Portuguese adults collected during March 2021 showed the UK and Portuguese did not differ significantly on vaccination likelihood or identity resili…
Risk Estimation and Sexual Behaviour: A Longitudinal Study of 16- 21-year olds
The relationships among risk estimation, impulsivity and patterns of sexual risk-taking in 16-21-year-olds are examined. A sample of 236 males and 340 females completed a postal questionnaire on three occasions at annual intervals. They reported their assessment of their own risk of HIV infection, the risk of HIV infection associated with six types of sexual activity, their likelihood of engaging in each of these activities, and whether they had …
Stereotypes and crossed-category evaluations: The case of gender and science education
A sample of UK adolescents (n = 1140), grouped by sex and liking of science, evaluated themselves, and girl and boy targets who did or did not like science, on masculine, feminine and gender non-specific traits. Contrary to sociological concerns about the masculine image and appeal of science, those who liked science more rated themselves more positively on feminine and gender non-specific-but not masculine-traits. The girl target was rated lower…
Relating risk experience, venturesomeness and risk perception
The relationship between venturesomeness, past personal experience of specific hazards and perceived characteristics of certain voluntary and involuntary hazardous activities was examined using data from a postal survey of 102 English nonstudent adults. Risk perception was related to both venturesomeness and past risk experiences but the nature of the relationship depended on whether the hazardous activity was voluntary or involuntary. Involuntar…
Social Psychology of Political and Economic Cognition
Value Systems and Political Cognition. The Dissolution of the Right in the Wake of Theory. Predicting Political Party Identification in New Voters. Political Party Identification in New Voters. Political Intolerance and Youth Centrism in Adolescence. Soviet Youth in Perestroika, Political Attitudes and Participation. Fairy Tales and Other Literature as Instruments in Young Children's Economic Socialization. S.E.G. Lea, Assessing the Psychology of…
Influences of nationality and national identification on perceived dangerousness of Covid-19 variants and perceived effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines: A study of UK and Portuguese samples
During the COVID-19 pandemic, both variants of the virus that causes the disease and vaccines developed to combat it have been identified with nationalities. Both social identity theory and identity process theory would predict that this would initiate intergroup differentiation processes aimed at optimizing ingroup value and personal identity enhancement. Our study examined whether people’s nationality and level of national identification influe…
Sources of distinctiveness: Position, difference and separateness in the identities of Anglican parish priests
We investigated the implications of three sources of distinctiveness—position, difference and separateness—for identity and subjective well‐being in a survey of 149 Anglican parish priests. Distinctiveness was examined within parish and clergy comparative contexts. Each source contributed substantially and uniquely to ratings of the distinctiveness associated with identity elements in each context. Parish‐context position was emphasised within id…
Risk: A very short introduction
IX. Review of in a Different Voice by Carol Gilligan
Young people's attitudes to new technology in Devon: An element in regional growth potential∗
Woman: Group and identity
Political and Attributional Responses of the Young Short-Term Unemployed
This study investigated the political responses of young people to unemployment and the ways in which they explain their own and other people's unemployment. These young people proved both disinterested in and disillusioned with traditional political forms of expression but were convinced of the possibility of violent social change and claimed to be willing to engage in it. If unemployed for a very short time they explained their own unemployment…
Young people's attitudes toward new technology: Source and structure
Young people's attitudes toward new technology are largely pragmatic rather than evaluative and are strongly related to psychological factors as well as to educational and familial background
Occupational aspirations and attitudes to new technology
Following Cotgrove's (1982) thesis that there is a stable relationship between political and economic beliefs and attitudes to science and technology this paper sets out to test the hypothesis that attitudes to science and technology have direct implications for individuals' job aspirations. Though attitudes to technology were found to be multidimensional the data provide evidence to support Cotgrove's thesis for those aspiring to technological j…
Attitudes Towards New Technology in Relation to Scientific Orientation at School: A Preliminary Study of Undergraduates
S ummary . Much has been made about the need to train more people to work with the New Technologies though little is known about why such a relatively small number of people actually take up technological training. It seems likely that attitudes towards technology and work will play an important role in people's motivations to train and, as yet, these have received little empirical study. This paper reports findings from a survey of university st…
Parental influence and teenagers' motivation to train for technological jobs
While governments are making attempts to attract young people into scientific and technical training programmes, these have yet to have any significant impact on numbers taking such training. This paper reports findings from a large, cross‐regional survey of factors influencing young people's (13–18‐year‐olds) motivations to take technological training. By focusing on teenagers' perceptions of the influence parents have exerted over their educati…
Young people's attitudes to new technology in Devon: An element in regional growth potential∗
Political Activity and Political Attitudes in Teenagers: Is There Any Correspondence? A Research Note
addressed the relationship between young peoples'political activities and their political attitudes. This paper reports a study of 210 British 16-18-year-olds and assesses the levels of political activity in this group and relates these to political attitudes. The results suggest that greater levels of activity are associated with individuals holding left-of-center political views. Such individuals reported paying greater attention to TV and news…
Handbook of career theory
Predicting the Intention Not to Vote in Late Teenage: A U.K. Study of 17- and 18-Year-Olds
The great bulk of research into the psychology of voting behavior has been concerned with accounting for partisan preferences and political actions, particularly of unconventional kinds. Despite the fact that some 30% of the U.K. and over 50% of U.S. electorate fail to vote at general elections, little direct attention has been paid to accounting for nonvoting and political apathy in general. Utilizing British data from teenagers participating in…
The class basis of late teenage voting preferences
In this paper we discuss the degree to which it is reasonable to talk about a class basis for voting preferences in teenagers and to address the stability of their party identifications. Recent arguments about how class-vote links should be assessed are brought to bear on the class-of-origin influences on new members of the electorate. We will demonstrate that there is a link between class-of-origin and party ID but what relative class basis ther…
Gender, parental and peer influences upon science attitudes and activities
This paper explores the extent to which variance in science attitudes and involvement in science activities may be attributable to gender, parental and peer influences upon 11-14 year olds in the UK. The data presented are derived from a sample of 391 pupils drawn at random, but stratified by age and gender, from Local Education Authority schools (i.e. schools within the state sector where parents make no direct payments for education). A self-co…
Estimating sexual behaviour parameters in the light of Aids: A review of recent UK studies of young people
This paper reviews UK surveys of the sexual behaviour of young people since the advent of AIDS. The studies, which are restricted to those whose samples were intended to be representative of the general population, reveal broadly similar estimates of key sexual behaviours (numbers with sexual experience, numbers of partners, frequency of intercourse, condom use and anal penetration). In spite of these similarities and the usefulness of such infor…
Sexual activities and preferences in a United Kingdom sample of 16 to 20-year-olds
IX. Review of in a Different Voice by Carol Gilligan
Identity Processes and Environmental Threat: The Effects of Nationalism and Local Identity upon Perception of Beach Pollution
This study examines the importance of local and national identity processes in predicting the perception of a threat to the local environment: pollution of British beaches defined in terms of European Union (EU) regulations concerning cleanliness. Place identity and social identity theories would predict that English people would exhibit positive discrimination when evaluating both their local and national beaches and would allow ingroup preferen…
Social Psychology of Political and Economic Cognition
Value Systems and Political Cognition. The Dissolution of the Right in the Wake of Theory. Predicting Political Party Identification in New Voters. Political Party Identification in New Voters. Political Intolerance and Youth Centrism in Adolescence. Soviet Youth in Perestroika, Political Attitudes and Participation. Fairy Tales and Other Literature as Instruments in Young Children's Economic Socialization. S.E.G. Lea, Assessing the Psychology of…
Risk Estimation and Sexual Behaviour: A Longitudinal Study of 16- 21-year olds
The relationships among risk estimation, impulsivity and patterns of sexual risk-taking in 16-21-year-olds are examined. A sample of 236 males and 340 females completed a postal questionnaire on three occasions at annual intervals. They reported their assessment of their own risk of HIV infection, the risk of HIV infection associated with six types of sexual activity, their likelihood of engaging in each of these activities, and whether they had …
Relating risk experience, venturesomeness and risk perception
The relationship between venturesomeness, past personal experience of specific hazards and perceived characteristics of certain voluntary and involuntary hazardous activities was examined using data from a postal survey of 102 English nonstudent adults. Risk perception was related to both venturesomeness and past risk experiences but the nature of the relationship depended on whether the hazardous activity was voluntary or involuntary. Involuntar…
Migration and threat to identity
This paper concerns threats to identity experienced by migrants who have encountered radical socio-political upheaval. We argue that migration, following massive societal change, is associated with disruption that is likely to be undesired and, even when it is desired, because it is substantial, threatens identity definition and evaluation. There is relatively little empirical social psychological research on migrants' perceptions of the threats …
The Distinctiveness Principle: Identity, Meaning, and the Bounds of Cultural Relativity
Extending theories of distinctiveness motivation in identity (Breakwell, 1987; Brewer, 1991; Snyder & Fromkin, 1980), we discuss the precise role of distinctiveness in identity processes and the cross-cultural generality of the distinctiveness principle. We argue that (a) within Western cultures, distinctiveness is necessaryfor the construction of meaning within identity, and (b) the distinctiveness principle is not incompatible with non-Western …
Risk Perception and Experience: Hazard Personality Profiles and Individual Differences
The dominance of the “psychometric” paradigm and the consequent emphasis on personality profiles of hazards has resulted in little attention being given to individual variability in risk judgments. This study examines how far differences in experience of risk activities can explain individual variability in risk assessments. A questionnaire study ( n = 172) was used to explore the relationships between experience and risk perceptions in relation …
Mental models and social representations of hazards: The significance of identity processes
This article examines the social influence processes that underpin the development of individual mental models of hazards and analyses the role that identity processes play in determining the nature and plasticity of the representations of risk that an individual will employ. It outlines the nature of the mental models approach (Morgan, Fischhoff, Bostrom and Atman, in press) to developing interventions in risk communication. It describes how soc…
Evaluating Models of Identity Motivation: Self-Esteem is Not the Whole Story
We tested the importance of motivational principles of maintaining self-esteem, distinctiveness, continuity and efficacy (Breakwell, 1993), as well as feelings of purpose and closeness to others, in shaping the perceived centrality of multiple elements of identity among Anglican parish priests. Participants (N = 149) generated identity elements and rated them for perceived centrality and satisfaction of each principle. Comparing multilevel regres…
Sources of distinctiveness: Position, difference and separateness in the identities of Anglican parish priests
We investigated the implications of three sources of distinctiveness—position, difference and separateness—for identity and subjective well‐being in a survey of 149 Anglican parish priests. Distinctiveness was examined within parish and clergy comparative contexts. Each source contributed substantially and uniquely to ratings of the distinctiveness associated with identity elements in each context. Parish‐context position was emphasised within id…
Psychology (47 works) · Social Psychology (36 works) · Social Psychology (23 works) · Medicine (16 works) · Political science (16 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Identity (music (14 works) · Developmental psychology (10 works) · Perception (10 works) · Computer Science (9 works)