H Shepherd
Biographic Data
| ID | 48475 |
|---|---|
| NAME | H Shepherd |
| GIVEN NAMES | H |
| FAMILY NAME | Shepherd |
| SIGNATURE | SHEPHERD H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4491-6400 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1022 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1954 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Organizational Consolidation: How Organizations Reflect or Refract Societal Hierarchies
To understand how organizations distribute resources, we need to understand how they come to evaluate their members as worthy. This article introduces “organizational consolidation”: the degree to which ascriptive statuses—race, gender, class—align with the context-specific criteria that actors use when evaluating one another. Building on relational inequality theory and inhabited institutionalism, we argue that organizational consolidation shape…
Misaligned Identities: Explicit and Implicit Identification with Science and Religion
When do declarative and nondeclarative forms of personal culture align or fail to align, and with what consequences? This article uses the case of identification with two central and potentially competing societal institutions involved in the construction of reality, science and religion, to understand identity misalignment—the lack of correspondence between explicit and implicit identification. Using novel data collected from a sample of 1,436 U…
Powers and Practices in Labor Standards Enforcement
Wage theft remains a pervasive problem internationally and within the United States. In response, worker advocates have sought stronger laws to deter violations and promote compliance. Yet formal authority alone may be insufficient; labor departments often fail to use the full extent of their legal authority to conduct vigorous enforcement. This raises two empirical questions: to what extent do agencies deploy available enforcement tools, and wit…
Threats to Legitimacy in Local Employment Law Enforcement Regimes Among Immigrant and Racially Marginalized Small Business Owners
U.S. municipal labor enforcement agencies find they are often inundated with complaints from small, immigrant‐ or minority‐owned firms. This undermines these agencies' efforts to engage in strategic enforcement and raises equity concerns, threatening the legitimacy of the labor standards enforcement regime among some businesses. This paper draws on interviews with small business owners who participated in a pilot study that provided employment la…
Workplace Networks and the Dynamics of Worker Organizing
A rich literature has established the importance of social networks for explaining participation in contentious politics but has typically treated networks as existing outside the awareness or influence of movement actors themselves. A separate literature has long recognized the importance of “organizing” for successful collective action but has not conceived of organizing in relation to network structure. Bridging these literatures, we develop t…
Civil Society from the Group Up: A Review of Gary Alan Fine's The Hinge
Outside the brackets: Why school administrators fail to see gendered harassment within an antibullying law
Much of school bullying involves students policing the gender roles and sexuality of other students. The proliferation of antibullying laws presents an opportunity to formally punish and mark gendered harassment as unacceptable. However, when this form of peer policing involves girls, administrators often consider it to fall outside the purview of the law. We use bracketing theory to understand how middle school administrators in New Jersey asses…
Administering New Anti-Bullying Law: The Organizational Field and School Variation During Initial Implementation
A 2011 New Jersey anti-bullying law required school personnel to make nuanced determinations about student violations, take on multiple new roles, and assume a high administrative burden. We examine how the state’s middle schools responded to the law during a period when standards for implementation among schools were unclear. We observe substantial variation between schools in their implementation approach and we identify two sources of this var…
Variants of Second Demographic Transition: Empirical Evidence from Young Women’s Attitudes About Childbearing
Front of the House, Back of the House: Race and Inequality in the Lives of Restaurant Workers
Has Pandemic Threat Stoked Xenophobia? How Covid‐19 Influences California Voters’ Attitudes toward Diversity and Immigration
Sociological theory and historical precedent suggest that pandemics engender scapegoating of outgroups, but fail to specify how the ethnoracial boundaries defining outgroups are drawn. Using a survey experiment that primed half of the respondents (California registered voters) with questions about COVID‐19 during April 2020, we ask how the pandemic influenced attitudes toward immigration, diversity and affect toward Asian Americans. In the aggreg…
Organizational practices and workplace relationships in precarious work: New survey evidence
Network insiders and observers: Who can identify influential people
Identifying influential people within a community to involve in a program is an important strategy of behavioral interventions. How to efficiently identify the most effective individuals is an outstanding question. This paper compares two common strategies: consulting ‘network insiders’ versus ‘network observers’ who have knowledge of but who do not directly participate in the community. Compared to aggregating information from all insiders, aski…
The Toll of Turnover: Network Instability, Well-Being, and Academic Effort in 56 Middle Schools
This article examines whether network instability—namely, the extent of turnover in a person’s social network over time—is a distinct social process that affects individual well-being. Using a unique two-wave network data set collected in a field experiment that involved more than 21,100 students across 56 middle schools, we find a strong negative association between network instability and well-being and academic effort at the individual level, …
Conflict as a Social Status Mobility Mechanism in Schools: A Network Approach
Participating in conflict may facilitate the acquisition of social status in a group. We build on theories about the sources of conflict and status to formulate propositions about how conflict affects status mobility in schools. Using two-wave panel data from over 20,000 students in 56 middle schools, we first examine the relationship between change in conflict with schoolmates and change in a network-derived metric of status, betweenness central…
Forging Foreign Policy: Organizational Identity and Knowledge Production
The ideas and knowledge central to foreign policy are often produced within the context of organizations. How do organizations vet people and ideas for knowledge production? I use original data drawn from archives of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), an organization that brought together elites with an interest in foreign policy, to examine the production of post–World War II US foreign policy knowledge. Drawing on literature about how orga…
Pandemic Politics: Political Worldviews and Covid-19 Beliefs and Practices in an Unsettled Time
How do individuals form new health beliefs and act in the context of unprecedented uncertainty? Drawing on a unique data set of registered California voters collected a month into stay-at-home orders that allows for an individual-level analysis, we examine the impact of political worldviews on trust in public health institutions and beliefs about the threat of COVID-19, effective methods for preventing the disease, and leaving home during the pan…
Childbearing Worldviews and Contraceptive Behavior Among Young Women
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to classify young women into groups based on their childbearing worldviews-patterns of attitudes about domains related to childbearing-and to test whether these groups predict contraceptive behavior.BackgroundContraceptive behavior-defined here as contraceptive use or abstinence-among young women in the United States illustrates the often puzzling relationship between attitudes and behavior. This study arg…
In the mix: Social integration and social media adoption
The implicit activation mechanism of culture: A survey experiment on associations with childbearing
Culture out of attitudes: Relationality, population heterogeneity and attitudes toward science and religion in the U.S
Fertility Preferences and Cognition: Religiosity and Experimental Effects of Decision Context on College Women
Better models of culture and cognition may help researchers understand fertility and family formation. The authors examine cognition about fertility using an experimental survey design to investigate how fertility preferences of college women are affected by two prompts that bring to mind fertility-relevant factors: career aspirations and financial limitations. The authors test the effects of these prompts on fertility preferences and ask how eff…
Changing climates of conflict: A social network experiment in 56 schools
Significance Despite a surge in policy and research attention to conflict and bullying among adolescents, there is little evidence to suggest that current interventions reduce school conflict. Using a large-scale field experiment, we show that it is possible to reduce conflict with a student-driven intervention. By encouraging a small set of students to take a public stance against typical forms of conflict at their school, our intervention reduc…
The Structure of Perception: How Networks Shape Ideas of Norms
Perceptions of the behavior of those around us provide important cues as to what our own behavior should be. However, we know relatively little about the source of these perceptions and how they develop in the course of interaction. This article provides a conceptual framework for the relationship between social network structure and perceptions of descriptive social norms—what other people in a group tend to do. Because networks represent (1) wh…
Stopping the Drama: Gendered Influence in a Network Field Experiment
Drawing on theories of social norms, we study the relative influence of female and male students using a year-long, network-based field experiment of an anti-harassment intervention program in a high school. A randomly selected subset of highly connected students participated in the intervention. We test whether these highly connected females and males influenced other students equally when students and teachers considered the problem of “drama”—…
The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets
Persistent racial inequality in employment, housing, and a wide range of other social domains has renewed interest in the possible role of discrimination. And yet, unlike in the pre-civil rights era, when racial prejudice and discrimination were overt and widespread, today discrimination is less readily identifiable, posing problems for social scientific conceptualization and measurement. This article reviews the relevant literature on discrimina…
The salience of social referents: A field experiment on collective norms and harassment behavior in a school social network
Persistent, widespread harassment in schools can be understood as a product of collective school norms that deem harassment, and behavior allowing harassment to escalate, as typical and even desirable. Thus, one approach to reducing harassment is to change students' perceptions of these collective norms. Theory suggests that the public behavior of highly connected and chronically salient actors in a group, called social referents, may provide inf…
The Cultural Context of Cognition: What the Implicit Association Test Tells Us About How Culture Works 1
This article employs evidence from a literature within social psychology on the malleability of scores on the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a measure that is widely used to assess implicit attitudes, and other implicit cognition measures, to provide a theoretical framework for incorporating implicit processes into sociological accounts of culture. Studies from this literature demonstrate the fundamentally contextual and interactional nature of…
Culture out of attitudes: Relationality, population heterogeneity and attitudes toward science and religion in the U.S
Pandemic Politics: Political Worldviews and Covid-19 Beliefs and Practices in an Unsettled Time
How do individuals form new health beliefs and act in the context of unprecedented uncertainty? Drawing on a unique data set of registered California voters collected a month into stay-at-home orders that allows for an individual-level analysis, we examine the impact of political worldviews on trust in public health institutions and beliefs about the threat of COVID-19, effective methods for preventing the disease, and leaving home during the pan…
Has Pandemic Threat Stoked Xenophobia? How Covid‐19 Influences California Voters’ Attitudes toward Diversity and Immigration
Sociological theory and historical precedent suggest that pandemics engender scapegoating of outgroups, but fail to specify how the ethnoracial boundaries defining outgroups are drawn. Using a survey experiment that primed half of the respondents (California registered voters) with questions about COVID‐19 during April 2020, we ask how the pandemic influenced attitudes toward immigration, diversity and affect toward Asian Americans. In the aggreg…
The Structure of Perception: How Networks Shape Ideas of Norms
Perceptions of the behavior of those around us provide important cues as to what our own behavior should be. However, we know relatively little about the source of these perceptions and how they develop in the course of interaction. This article provides a conceptual framework for the relationship between social network structure and perceptions of descriptive social norms—what other people in a group tend to do. Because networks represent (1) wh…
Fertility Preferences and Cognition: Religiosity and Experimental Effects of Decision Context on College Women
Better models of culture and cognition may help researchers understand fertility and family formation. The authors examine cognition about fertility using an experimental survey design to investigate how fertility preferences of college women are affected by two prompts that bring to mind fertility-relevant factors: career aspirations and financial limitations. The authors test the effects of these prompts on fertility preferences and ask how eff…
Culture and Cognition: A Process Account of Culture
Sociologists of culture and cognition are well positioned to take up the rigorous study of culture as a dynamic process by which meanings come to be perceived as shared through social interaction and influence. A wealth of exciting new work in psychology on how cognitive representations and associations are shaped and strengthened by social interaction can be integrated into a more comprehensive account of the dynamic process of culture. Understa…
The implicit activation mechanism of culture: A survey experiment on associations with childbearing
Front of the House, Back of the House: Race and Inequality in the Lives of Restaurant Workers
Stopping the Drama: Gendered Influence in a Network Field Experiment
Drawing on theories of social norms, we study the relative influence of female and male students using a year-long, network-based field experiment of an anti-harassment intervention program in a high school. A randomly selected subset of highly connected students participated in the intervention. We test whether these highly connected females and males influenced other students equally when students and teachers considered the problem of “drama”—…
Classification, cognition and context: The case of the World Bank
Conflict as a Social Status Mobility Mechanism in Schools: A Network Approach
Participating in conflict may facilitate the acquisition of social status in a group. We build on theories about the sources of conflict and status to formulate propositions about how conflict affects status mobility in schools. Using two-wave panel data from over 20,000 students in 56 middle schools, we first examine the relationship between change in conflict with schoolmates and change in a network-derived metric of status, betweenness central…
Childbearing Worldviews and Contraceptive Behavior Among Young Women
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to classify young women into groups based on their childbearing worldviews-patterns of attitudes about domains related to childbearing-and to test whether these groups predict contraceptive behavior.BackgroundContraceptive behavior-defined here as contraceptive use or abstinence-among young women in the United States illustrates the often puzzling relationship between attitudes and behavior. This study arg…
In the mix: Social integration and social media adoption
Using Culture to Explain Behavior: An Integrative Cultural Approach
Administering New Anti-Bullying Law: The Organizational Field and School Variation During Initial Implementation
A 2011 New Jersey anti-bullying law required school personnel to make nuanced determinations about student violations, take on multiple new roles, and assume a high administrative burden. We examine how the state’s middle schools responded to the law during a period when standards for implementation among schools were unclear. We observe substantial variation between schools in their implementation approach and we identify two sources of this var…
Outside the brackets: Why school administrators fail to see gendered harassment within an antibullying law
Much of school bullying involves students policing the gender roles and sexuality of other students. The proliferation of antibullying laws presents an opportunity to formally punish and mark gendered harassment as unacceptable. However, when this form of peer policing involves girls, administrators often consider it to fall outside the purview of the law. We use bracketing theory to understand how middle school administrators in New Jersey asses…
Variants of Second Demographic Transition: Empirical Evidence from Young Women’s Attitudes About Childbearing
Organizational practices and workplace relationships in precarious work: New survey evidence
The Toll of Turnover: Network Instability, Well-Being, and Academic Effort in 56 Middle Schools
This article examines whether network instability—namely, the extent of turnover in a person’s social network over time—is a distinct social process that affects individual well-being. Using a unique two-wave network data set collected in a field experiment that involved more than 21,100 students across 56 middle schools, we find a strong negative association between network instability and well-being and academic effort at the individual level, …
Forging Foreign Policy: Organizational Identity and Knowledge Production
The ideas and knowledge central to foreign policy are often produced within the context of organizations. How do organizations vet people and ideas for knowledge production? I use original data drawn from archives of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), an organization that brought together elites with an interest in foreign policy, to examine the production of post–World War II US foreign policy knowledge. Drawing on literature about how orga…
Contracts and Contract Remedies: Cases and Materials
The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets
Persistent racial inequality in employment, housing, and a wide range of other social domains has renewed interest in the possible role of discrimination. And yet, unlike in the pre-civil rights era, when racial prejudice and discrimination were overt and widespread, today discrimination is less readily identifiable, posing problems for social scientific conceptualization and measurement. This article reviews the relevant literature on discrimina…
Using Culture to Explain Behavior: An Integrative Cultural Approach
Classification, cognition and context: The case of the World Bank
The Cultural Context of Cognition: What the Implicit Association Test Tells Us About How Culture Works 1
This article employs evidence from a literature within social psychology on the malleability of scores on the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a measure that is widely used to assess implicit attitudes, and other implicit cognition measures, to provide a theoretical framework for incorporating implicit processes into sociological accounts of culture. Studies from this literature demonstrate the fundamentally contextual and interactional nature of…
The salience of social referents: A field experiment on collective norms and harassment behavior in a school social network
Persistent, widespread harassment in schools can be understood as a product of collective school norms that deem harassment, and behavior allowing harassment to escalate, as typical and even desirable. Thus, one approach to reducing harassment is to change students' perceptions of these collective norms. Theory suggests that the public behavior of highly connected and chronically salient actors in a group, called social referents, may provide inf…
Culture and Cognition: A Process Account of Culture
Sociologists of culture and cognition are well positioned to take up the rigorous study of culture as a dynamic process by which meanings come to be perceived as shared through social interaction and influence. A wealth of exciting new work in psychology on how cognitive representations and associations are shaped and strengthened by social interaction can be integrated into a more comprehensive account of the dynamic process of culture. Understa…
Stopping the Drama: Gendered Influence in a Network Field Experiment
Drawing on theories of social norms, we study the relative influence of female and male students using a year-long, network-based field experiment of an anti-harassment intervention program in a high school. A randomly selected subset of highly connected students participated in the intervention. We test whether these highly connected females and males influenced other students equally when students and teachers considered the problem of “drama”—…
Changing climates of conflict: A social network experiment in 56 schools
Significance Despite a surge in policy and research attention to conflict and bullying among adolescents, there is little evidence to suggest that current interventions reduce school conflict. Using a large-scale field experiment, we show that it is possible to reduce conflict with a student-driven intervention. By encouraging a small set of students to take a public stance against typical forms of conflict at their school, our intervention reduc…
The Structure of Perception: How Networks Shape Ideas of Norms
Perceptions of the behavior of those around us provide important cues as to what our own behavior should be. However, we know relatively little about the source of these perceptions and how they develop in the course of interaction. This article provides a conceptual framework for the relationship between social network structure and perceptions of descriptive social norms—what other people in a group tend to do. Because networks represent (1) wh…
The implicit activation mechanism of culture: A survey experiment on associations with childbearing
Culture out of attitudes: Relationality, population heterogeneity and attitudes toward science and religion in the U.S
Fertility Preferences and Cognition: Religiosity and Experimental Effects of Decision Context on College Women
Better models of culture and cognition may help researchers understand fertility and family formation. The authors examine cognition about fertility using an experimental survey design to investigate how fertility preferences of college women are affected by two prompts that bring to mind fertility-relevant factors: career aspirations and financial limitations. The authors test the effects of these prompts on fertility preferences and ask how eff…
Childbearing Worldviews and Contraceptive Behavior Among Young Women
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to classify young women into groups based on their childbearing worldviews-patterns of attitudes about domains related to childbearing-and to test whether these groups predict contraceptive behavior.BackgroundContraceptive behavior-defined here as contraceptive use or abstinence-among young women in the United States illustrates the often puzzling relationship between attitudes and behavior. This study arg…
In the mix: Social integration and social media adoption
Network insiders and observers: Who can identify influential people
Identifying influential people within a community to involve in a program is an important strategy of behavioral interventions. How to efficiently identify the most effective individuals is an outstanding question. This paper compares two common strategies: consulting ‘network insiders’ versus ‘network observers’ who have knowledge of but who do not directly participate in the community. Compared to aggregating information from all insiders, aski…
The Toll of Turnover: Network Instability, Well-Being, and Academic Effort in 56 Middle Schools
This article examines whether network instability—namely, the extent of turnover in a person’s social network over time—is a distinct social process that affects individual well-being. Using a unique two-wave network data set collected in a field experiment that involved more than 21,100 students across 56 middle schools, we find a strong negative association between network instability and well-being and academic effort at the individual level, …
Conflict as a Social Status Mobility Mechanism in Schools: A Network Approach
Participating in conflict may facilitate the acquisition of social status in a group. We build on theories about the sources of conflict and status to formulate propositions about how conflict affects status mobility in schools. Using two-wave panel data from over 20,000 students in 56 middle schools, we first examine the relationship between change in conflict with schoolmates and change in a network-derived metric of status, betweenness central…
Forging Foreign Policy: Organizational Identity and Knowledge Production
The ideas and knowledge central to foreign policy are often produced within the context of organizations. How do organizations vet people and ideas for knowledge production? I use original data drawn from archives of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), an organization that brought together elites with an interest in foreign policy, to examine the production of post–World War II US foreign policy knowledge. Drawing on literature about how orga…
Pandemic Politics: Political Worldviews and Covid-19 Beliefs and Practices in an Unsettled Time
How do individuals form new health beliefs and act in the context of unprecedented uncertainty? Drawing on a unique data set of registered California voters collected a month into stay-at-home orders that allows for an individual-level analysis, we examine the impact of political worldviews on trust in public health institutions and beliefs about the threat of COVID-19, effective methods for preventing the disease, and leaving home during the pan…
Has Pandemic Threat Stoked Xenophobia? How Covid‐19 Influences California Voters’ Attitudes toward Diversity and Immigration
Sociological theory and historical precedent suggest that pandemics engender scapegoating of outgroups, but fail to specify how the ethnoracial boundaries defining outgroups are drawn. Using a survey experiment that primed half of the respondents (California registered voters) with questions about COVID‐19 during April 2020, we ask how the pandemic influenced attitudes toward immigration, diversity and affect toward Asian Americans. In the aggreg…
Organizational practices and workplace relationships in precarious work: New survey evidence
Administering New Anti-Bullying Law: The Organizational Field and School Variation During Initial Implementation
A 2011 New Jersey anti-bullying law required school personnel to make nuanced determinations about student violations, take on multiple new roles, and assume a high administrative burden. We examine how the state’s middle schools responded to the law during a period when standards for implementation among schools were unclear. We observe substantial variation between schools in their implementation approach and we identify two sources of this var…
Variants of Second Demographic Transition: Empirical Evidence from Young Women’s Attitudes About Childbearing
Front of the House, Back of the House: Race and Inequality in the Lives of Restaurant Workers
Sociology (23 works) · Psychology (22 works) · Social Psychology (19 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Political science (15 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Law (8 works) · Social and Cultural Dynamics (8 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (7 works) · Context (archaeology (6 works)