Callum F Ross
Biographic Data
| ID | 5205103 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Callum F Ross |
| GIVEN NAMES | Callum F |
| FAMILY NAME | Ross |
| SIGNATURE | ROSS C F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 224 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Primate Swallowing Is Powered by Both Rotation and Contraction of Suprahyoid Muscles
Substrate Diameter and Orientation in the Context of Food Type in the Gray Mouse Lemur, Microcebus murinus: Implications for the Origins of Grasping in Primates
Jaw‐muscle force and excursion scale with negative allometry in platyrrhine primates
Objectives Platyrrhines span two orders of magnitude in body size and are characterized by diverse feeding behaviors and diets. While size plays an important role in primate feeding behavior and masticatory apparatus morphology, we know little about size‐correlated changes in the force‐generating (physiologic cross‐sectional area; PCSA) and excursion/stretch (fiber length; L f ) capabilities of the jaw‐closing muscles in platyrrhines. Methods We …
What does feeding system morphology tell us about feeding
Feeding is the set of behaviors whereby organisms acquire and process the energy required for survival and reproduction. Thus, feeding system morphology is presumably subject to selection to maintain or improve feeding performance. Relationships among feeding system morphology, feeding behavior, and diet not only explain the morphological diversity of extant primates, but can also be used to reconstruct feeding behavior and diet in fossil taxa. D…
Complexity, Modularity, and Integration in the Human Head. The Evolution of the Human Head
Viewpoints: Diet and dietary adaptations in early hominins: The hard food perspective
Recent biomechanical analyses examining the feeding adaptations of early hominins have yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that hard foods exerted a selection pressure that influenced the evolution of australopith morphology. However, this hypothesis appears inconsistent with recent reconstructions of early hominin diet based on dental microwear and stable isotopes. Thus, it is likely that either the diets of some australopiths include…
Anthropoid Origins: New Visions
Innovative Approaches to the Relationship Between Diet and Mandibular Morphology in Primates
Fossil papio cranium from !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills, western Ngamiland, Botswana
Three fossils, a cranium of Papio , a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenile Papio , have been recovered from cave deposits in the !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills of western Ngamiland, Botswana. These specimens are significant because well‐preserved crania of Papio are extremely rare in the fossil record outside of South Africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from Botswana. Thermoluminescence dating…
A finite element analysis of masticatory stress hypotheses
Understanding how the skull transmits and dissipates forces during feeding provides insights into the selective pressures that may have driven the evolution of primate skull morphology. Traditionally, researchers have interpreted masticatory biomechanics in terms of simple global loading regimes applied to simple shapes (i.e., bending in sagittal and frontal planes, dorsoventral shear, and torsion of beams and cylinders). This study uses finite e…
Darwinius masillae is a strepsirrhine—a reply to Franzen et al. (2009)
The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of Australopithecus africanus
The African Plio-Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved a distinctive craniofacial morphology that traditionally has been viewed as a dietary adaptation for feeding on either small, hard objects or on large volumes of food. A historically influential interpretation of this morphology hypothesizes that loads applied to the premolars during feeding had a profound influence on the evolution of australopith craniofacial form. Here, we te…
Scaling of chew cycle duration in primates
The biomechanical determinants of the scaling of chew cycle duration are important components of models of primate feeding systems at all levels, from the neuromechanical to the ecological. Chew cycle durations were estimated in 35 species of primates and analyzed in conjunction with data on morphological variables of the feeding system estimating moment of inertia of the mandible and force production capacity of the chewing muscles. Data on scal…
Los espacios del saber y del pensamiento en el mundo griego
This study reports the elastic material properties of cortical bone in the mandible of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis obtained by using an ultrasonic wave technique. The elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were measured on 42 cylindrical Alligator bone specimens obtained from the lingual and facial surfaces of 4 fresh Alligator mandibles. The data suggest that the elastic properties of alligator mandibular cortical bone a…
Adaptation and Behavior in the Primate Fossil Record
In vivo function of the craniofacial haft: The interorbital “pillar”
The craniofacial haft resists forces generated in the face during feeding, but the importance of these forces for the form of the craniofacial haft remains to be determined. In vivo bone strain data were recorded from the medial orbital wall in an owl monkey ( Aotus ), rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ), and a galago ( Otolemur ) during feeding. These data were used to determine whether: the interorbital region can be modeled as a simple beam und…
The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration
Understanding the complexities of cranial base development, function, and architecture is important for testing hypotheses about many aspects of craniofacial variation and evolution. We summarize key aspects of cranial base growth and development in primates that are useful for formulating and testing hypotheses about the roles of the chondrocranium and basicranium in cranial growth, integration, and function in primate and human evolution. We re…
The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration
Understanding the complexities of cranial base development, function, and architecture is important for testing hypotheses about many aspects of craniofacial variation and evolution. We summarize key aspects of cranial base growth and development in primates that are useful for formulating and testing hypotheses about the roles of the chondrocranium and basicranium in cranial growth, integration, and function in primate and human evolution. We re…
Electromyography of the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and the function of the postorbital septum
Anthropoids and tarsiers are distinguished from all other vertebrates by the possession of a postorbital septum, which is formed by the frontal, alisphenoid, and zygomatic bones. Cartmill [(1980) In: Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift. New York: Plenum, p 243–274] suggested that the postorbital septum evolved in the stem lineage of tarsiers and anthropoids to insulate the eye from movements arising in the temporal…
Electromyography of the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and the function of the postorbital septum
Anthropoids and tarsiers are distinguished from all other vertebrates by the possession of a postorbital septum, which is formed by the frontal, alisphenoid, and zygomatic bones. Cartmill [(1980) In: Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift. New York: Plenum, p 243-274] suggested that the postorbital septum evolved in the stem lineage of tarsiers and anthropoids to insulate the eye from movements arising in the temporal…
Biomechanics of mammalian feeding and primate evolution
Symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force: An EMG study
The purpose of this study is to test various hypotheses about balancing-side jaw muscle recruitment patterns during mastication, with a major focus on testing the hypothesis that symphyseal fusion in anthropoids is due mainly to vertically- and/or transversely-directed jaw muscle forces. Furthermore, as the balancing-side deep masseter has been shown to play an important role in wishboning of the macaque mandibular symphysis, we test the hypothes…
Mammalian feeding and primate evolution: An overview
Most of the papers included in this volume are derived from presentations in a symposium on Mammalian Feeding at the 65th Annual Meetings of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists in North Carolina in 1996. The aims of this symposium were to gather together the preeminent researchers on mammalian mastication and document the state of research in that field. The symposium emphasized in vivo studies of mammalian feeding because of a p…
Kinematic data on primate head and neck posture: Implications for the evolution of basicranial flexion and an evaluation of registration planes used in paleoanthropology
Kinematic data on primate head and neck posture were collected by filming 29 primate species during locomotion. These were used to test whether head and neck posture are significant influences on basicranial flexion and whether the Frankfurt plane can legitimately be employed in paleoanthropological studies. Three kinematic measurements were recorded as angles relative to the gravity vector, the inclination of the orbital plane, the inclination o…
Mandibular corpus strain in primates: Further evidence for a functional link between symphyseal fusion and jaw‐adductor muscle force
Previous work indicates that compared to adult thick-tailed galagos, adult long-tailed macaques have much more bone strain on the balancing-side mandibular corpus during unilateral isometric molar biting (Hylander [1979a] J. Morphol. 159:253–296). Recently we have confirmed in these same two species the presence of similar differences in bone-strain patterns during forceful mastication. Moreover, we have also recorded mandibular bone strain patte…
Basicranial flexion, relative brain size, and facial kyphosis in nonhuman primates
Numerous hypotheses explaining interspecific differences in the degree of basicranial flexion have been presented. Several authors have argued that an increase in relative brain size results in a spatial packing problem that is resolved by flexing the basicranium. Others attribute differences in the degree of basicranial flexion to different postural behaviors, suggesting that more orthograde animals require a ventrally flexed pre‐sella basicrani…
Viewpoints: Diet and dietary adaptations in early hominins: The hard food perspective
Recent biomechanical analyses examining the feeding adaptations of early hominins have yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that hard foods exerted a selection pressure that influenced the evolution of australopith morphology. However, this hypothesis appears inconsistent with recent reconstructions of early hominin diet based on dental microwear and stable isotopes. Thus, it is likely that either the diets of some australopiths include…
Innovative Approaches to the Relationship Between Diet and Mandibular Morphology in Primates
In vivo function of the craniofacial haft: The interorbital “pillar”
The craniofacial haft resists forces generated in the face during feeding, but the importance of these forces for the form of the craniofacial haft remains to be determined. In vivo bone strain data were recorded from the medial orbital wall in an owl monkey ( Aotus ), rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ), and a galago ( Otolemur ) during feeding. These data were used to determine whether: the interorbital region can be modeled as a simple beam und…
Scaling of chew cycle duration in primates
The biomechanical determinants of the scaling of chew cycle duration are important components of models of primate feeding systems at all levels, from the neuromechanical to the ecological. Chew cycle durations were estimated in 35 species of primates and analyzed in conjunction with data on morphological variables of the feeding system estimating moment of inertia of the mandible and force production capacity of the chewing muscles. Data on scal…
Substrate Diameter and Orientation in the Context of Food Type in the Gray Mouse Lemur, Microcebus murinus: Implications for the Origins of Grasping in Primates
A finite element analysis of masticatory stress hypotheses
Understanding how the skull transmits and dissipates forces during feeding provides insights into the selective pressures that may have driven the evolution of primate skull morphology. Traditionally, researchers have interpreted masticatory biomechanics in terms of simple global loading regimes applied to simple shapes (i.e., bending in sagittal and frontal planes, dorsoventral shear, and torsion of beams and cylinders). This study uses finite e…
Jaw‐muscle force and excursion scale with negative allometry in platyrrhine primates
Objectives Platyrrhines span two orders of magnitude in body size and are characterized by diverse feeding behaviors and diets. While size plays an important role in primate feeding behavior and masticatory apparatus morphology, we know little about size‐correlated changes in the force‐generating (physiologic cross‐sectional area; PCSA) and excursion/stretch (fiber length; L f ) capabilities of the jaw‐closing muscles in platyrrhines. Methods We …
Fossil papio cranium from !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills, western Ngamiland, Botswana
Three fossils, a cranium of Papio , a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenile Papio , have been recovered from cave deposits in the !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills of western Ngamiland, Botswana. These specimens are significant because well‐preserved crania of Papio are extremely rare in the fossil record outside of South Africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from Botswana. Thermoluminescence dating…
Los espacios del saber y del pensamiento en el mundo griego
This study reports the elastic material properties of cortical bone in the mandible of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis obtained by using an ultrasonic wave technique. The elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were measured on 42 cylindrical Alligator bone specimens obtained from the lingual and facial surfaces of 4 fresh Alligator mandibles. The data suggest that the elastic properties of alligator mandibular cortical bone a…
Basicranial flexion, relative brain size, and facial kyphosis in nonhuman primates
Numerous hypotheses explaining interspecific differences in the degree of basicranial flexion have been presented. Several authors have argued that an increase in relative brain size results in a spatial packing problem that is resolved by flexing the basicranium. Others attribute differences in the degree of basicranial flexion to different postural behaviors, suggesting that more orthograde animals require a ventrally flexed pre‐sella basicrani…
In vivo and in vitro bone strain in the owl monkey circumorbital region and the function of the postorbital septum
Anthropoids and tarsiers are the only vertebrates possessing a postorbital septum. This septum, formed by the frontal, alisphenoid, and zygomatic bones, separates the orbital contents from the temporal muscles. Three hypotheses suggest that the postorbital septum evolved to resist stresses acting on the skull during mastication or incision. The facial-torsion hypothesis posits that the septum resists twisting of the face about a rostrocaudal axis…
Mandibular corpus strain in primates: Further evidence for a functional link between symphyseal fusion and jaw‐adductor muscle force
Previous work indicates that compared to adult thick-tailed galagos, adult long-tailed macaques have much more bone strain on the balancing-side mandibular corpus during unilateral isometric molar biting (Hylander [1979a] J. Morphol. 159:253–296). Recently we have confirmed in these same two species the presence of similar differences in bone-strain patterns during forceful mastication. Moreover, we have also recorded mandibular bone strain patte…
Mandibular corpus strain in primates: Further evidence for a functional link between symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force
Previous work indicates that compared to adult thick-tailed galagos, adult long-tailed macaques have much more bone strain on the balancing-side mandibular corpus during unilateral isometric molar biting (Hylander [1979a] J. Morphol. 159:253-296). Recently we have confirmed in these same two species the presence of similar differences in bone-strain patterns during forceful mastication. Moreover, we have also recorded mandibular bone strain patte…
Kinematic data on primate head and neck posture: Implications for the evolution of basicranial flexion and an evaluation of registration planes used in paleoanthropology
Kinematic data on primate head and neck posture were collected by filming 29 primate species during locomotion. These were used to test whether head and neck posture are significant influences on basicranial flexion and whether the Frankfurt plane can legitimately be employed in paleoanthropological studies. Three kinematic measurements were recorded as angles relative to the gravity vector, the inclination of the orbital plane, the inclination o…
The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration
Understanding the complexities of cranial base development, function, and architecture is important for testing hypotheses about many aspects of craniofacial variation and evolution. We summarize key aspects of cranial base growth and development in primates that are useful for formulating and testing hypotheses about the roles of the chondrocranium and basicranium in cranial growth, integration, and function in primate and human evolution. We re…
The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration
Understanding the complexities of cranial base development, function, and architecture is important for testing hypotheses about many aspects of craniofacial variation and evolution. We summarize key aspects of cranial base growth and development in primates that are useful for formulating and testing hypotheses about the roles of the chondrocranium and basicranium in cranial growth, integration, and function in primate and human evolution. We re…
Electromyography of the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and the function of the postorbital septum
Anthropoids and tarsiers are distinguished from all other vertebrates by the possession of a postorbital septum, which is formed by the frontal, alisphenoid, and zygomatic bones. Cartmill [(1980) In: Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift. New York: Plenum, p 243–274] suggested that the postorbital septum evolved in the stem lineage of tarsiers and anthropoids to insulate the eye from movements arising in the temporal…
Electromyography of the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and the function of the postorbital septum
Anthropoids and tarsiers are distinguished from all other vertebrates by the possession of a postorbital septum, which is formed by the frontal, alisphenoid, and zygomatic bones. Cartmill [(1980) In: Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift. New York: Plenum, p 243-274] suggested that the postorbital septum evolved in the stem lineage of tarsiers and anthropoids to insulate the eye from movements arising in the temporal…
Biomechanics of mammalian feeding and primate evolution
Symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force: An EMG study
The purpose of this study is to test various hypotheses about balancing-side jaw muscle recruitment patterns during mastication, with a major focus on testing the hypothesis that symphyseal fusion in anthropoids is due mainly to vertically- and/or transversely-directed jaw muscle forces. Furthermore, as the balancing-side deep masseter has been shown to play an important role in wishboning of the macaque mandibular symphysis, we test the hypothes…
Mammalian feeding and primate evolution: An overview
Most of the papers included in this volume are derived from presentations in a symposium on Mammalian Feeding at the 65th Annual Meetings of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists in North Carolina in 1996. The aims of this symposium were to gather together the preeminent researchers on mammalian mastication and document the state of research in that field. The symposium emphasized in vivo studies of mammalian feeding because of a p…
In vivo function of the craniofacial haft: The interorbital “pillar”
The craniofacial haft resists forces generated in the face during feeding, but the importance of these forces for the form of the craniofacial haft remains to be determined. In vivo bone strain data were recorded from the medial orbital wall in an owl monkey ( Aotus ), rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ), and a galago ( Otolemur ) during feeding. These data were used to determine whether: the interorbital region can be modeled as a simple beam und…
Adaptation and Behavior in the Primate Fossil Record
Los espacios del saber y del pensamiento en el mundo griego
This study reports the elastic material properties of cortical bone in the mandible of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis obtained by using an ultrasonic wave technique. The elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio were measured on 42 cylindrical Alligator bone specimens obtained from the lingual and facial surfaces of 4 fresh Alligator mandibles. The data suggest that the elastic properties of alligator mandibular cortical bone a…
The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of Australopithecus africanus
The African Plio-Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved a distinctive craniofacial morphology that traditionally has been viewed as a dietary adaptation for feeding on either small, hard objects or on large volumes of food. A historically influential interpretation of this morphology hypothesizes that loads applied to the premolars during feeding had a profound influence on the evolution of australopith craniofacial form. Here, we te…
Scaling of chew cycle duration in primates
The biomechanical determinants of the scaling of chew cycle duration are important components of models of primate feeding systems at all levels, from the neuromechanical to the ecological. Chew cycle durations were estimated in 35 species of primates and analyzed in conjunction with data on morphological variables of the feeding system estimating moment of inertia of the mandible and force production capacity of the chewing muscles. Data on scal…
Darwinius masillae is a strepsirrhine—a reply to Franzen et al. (2009)
A finite element analysis of masticatory stress hypotheses
Understanding how the skull transmits and dissipates forces during feeding provides insights into the selective pressures that may have driven the evolution of primate skull morphology. Traditionally, researchers have interpreted masticatory biomechanics in terms of simple global loading regimes applied to simple shapes (i.e., bending in sagittal and frontal planes, dorsoventral shear, and torsion of beams and cylinders). This study uses finite e…
Anthropoid Origins: New Visions
Innovative Approaches to the Relationship Between Diet and Mandibular Morphology in Primates
Fossil papio cranium from !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills, western Ngamiland, Botswana
Three fossils, a cranium of Papio , a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenile Papio , have been recovered from cave deposits in the !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills of western Ngamiland, Botswana. These specimens are significant because well‐preserved crania of Papio are extremely rare in the fossil record outside of South Africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from Botswana. Thermoluminescence dating…
Complexity, Modularity, and Integration in the Human Head. The Evolution of the Human Head
Viewpoints: Diet and dietary adaptations in early hominins: The hard food perspective
Recent biomechanical analyses examining the feeding adaptations of early hominins have yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that hard foods exerted a selection pressure that influenced the evolution of australopith morphology. However, this hypothesis appears inconsistent with recent reconstructions of early hominin diet based on dental microwear and stable isotopes. Thus, it is likely that either the diets of some australopiths include…
What does feeding system morphology tell us about feeding
Feeding is the set of behaviors whereby organisms acquire and process the energy required for survival and reproduction. Thus, feeding system morphology is presumably subject to selection to maintain or improve feeding performance. Relationships among feeding system morphology, feeding behavior, and diet not only explain the morphological diversity of extant primates, but can also be used to reconstruct feeding behavior and diet in fossil taxa. D…
Biology (24 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (22 works) · Anatomy (14 works) · Primate (14 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Ecology (9 works) · Evolutionary biology (9 works) · Neuroscience (9 works) · Paleontology (9 works) · Anatomy (8 works)