S SHALEV
Biographic Data
| ID | 5215923 |
|---|---|
| NAME | S SHALEV |
| GIVEN NAMES | S |
| FAMILY NAME | SHALEV |
| SIGNATURE | SHALEV S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Department of Archaeology University of Haifa Mount Carmel 31905 Haifa Israel |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 34 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 9 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Recognizing Renaissance or older bronzes from modern ones
X-ray diffraction analysis of bronze coins dating from the 1st to the 19th century CE, together with several modern bronze samples of known composition, has revealed that the natural aging of the Pb–Sn solid solution within lead inclusions occurs over a period of approximately 350 years. During this time, the tin concentration in the inclusions decreases from about 3 at% (or higher) to roughly 1 at%. This gradual depletion of tin provides a measu…
Distinguishability between ancient and modern leaded tin bronzes by the composition of their lead inclusions
The composition of lead inclusions in modern and ancient leaded tin bronzes was studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Lattice parameter of lead inclusions in all bronzes was smaller than the lattice parameter of pure lead. This determination indicates that lead inclusions in bronzes are nothing else but Pb–Sn solid solutions. Tin concentration in lead inclusions in moder…
A Comparison Study of Middle Bronze Age II Daggers and Their Rivets as a Tool for a Better Understanding of Their Production
The Middle Bronze Age II is a period during which there exists a contemporaneous usage of arsenic copper and tin bronze for metal weaponry production. In order to learn more about the alloys used in this period, the blades and rivets from 65 daggers of two significantly different types, which were discovered at the Rishon LeZion (RL) cemetery, Israel, were tested by the non‐destructive method of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The results reveal new kn…
M iddle B ronze A ge II Battleaxes from R ishon L e Z ion, I srael
Thirteen bronze battleaxes from M iddle B ronze A ge II graves at R ishon L e Z ion, I srael were analysed by ED XRF at multiple surface locations in order to determine their metallurgical composition. Six of these were further subjected to neutron diffraction using an ENGIN‐X diffractometer in order to determine bulk phase composition. The results indicate that the previously established geographical and chronological variability in S n– C u (wi…
Making sense out of cents
The metal nails from the Ma'agan Mikhael ship
The multifocal 3D digital light microscope (LM) is an advanced tool which allows the high resolution tracking of surface topographies, morphologies and colours, and offers real-time measurements of parameters such as length and roughness, as well as in-situ field microscopic scale documentation. The use of a multifocal digital LM, equipped with powerful software, is examined in the present work as a justified tool for the study of ancient objects…
The Metallurgy of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard Reconsidered
The Nahal Mishmar hoard, found in a cave in the Judean Desert in 1961, is a key find for the study of Chalcolithic metallurgy in Israel and the Levant. Recent analyses of Chalcolithic metalwork from sites such as Shiqmim in Israel raised doubts about the validity of published analyses from the hoard. Accordingly a programme of re‐analysis was established using atomic absorption spectrometry and electron probe microanalysis. The new analyses confi…
A Chalcolithic Mace Head From the Negev, Israel
An interdisciplinary case study of the role of technology in ancient society is presented here based on a single copper object from the beginning of metallurgy in Israel during the late fifth to fourth millennium BC. This research is based on a combination of typological, chronological and technological analyses. The mace head is made of copper alloyed with arsenic and antitmony, cast in a ‘lost wax’ technique over a stone core. The metallurgical…
Earliest Gold Artifacts in the Levant
The Metallurgy of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard Reconsidered
The Nahal Mishmar hoard, found in a cave in the Judean Desert in 1961, is a key find for the study of Chalcolithic metallurgy in Israel and the Levant. Recent analyses of Chalcolithic metalwork from sites such as Shiqmim in Israel raised doubts about the validity of published analyses from the hoard. Accordingly a programme of re‐analysis was established using atomic absorption spectrometry and electron probe microanalysis. The new analyses confi…
A Chalcolithic Mace Head From the Negev, Israel
An interdisciplinary case study of the role of technology in ancient society is presented here based on a single copper object from the beginning of metallurgy in Israel during the late fifth to fourth millennium BC. This research is based on a combination of typological, chronological and technological analyses. The mace head is made of copper alloyed with arsenic and antitmony, cast in a ‘lost wax’ technique over a stone core. The metallurgical…
Earliest Gold Artifacts in the Levant
M iddle B ronze A ge II Battleaxes from R ishon L e Z ion, I srael
Thirteen bronze battleaxes from M iddle B ronze A ge II graves at R ishon L e Z ion, I srael were analysed by ED XRF at multiple surface locations in order to determine their metallurgical composition. Six of these were further subjected to neutron diffraction using an ENGIN‐X diffractometer in order to determine bulk phase composition. The results indicate that the previously established geographical and chronological variability in S n– C u (wi…
The metal nails from the Ma'agan Mikhael ship
The multifocal 3D digital light microscope (LM) is an advanced tool which allows the high resolution tracking of surface topographies, morphologies and colours, and offers real-time measurements of parameters such as length and roughness, as well as in-situ field microscopic scale documentation. The use of a multifocal digital LM, equipped with powerful software, is examined in the present work as a justified tool for the study of ancient objects…
Making sense out of cents
Earliest Gold Artifacts in the Levant
A Chalcolithic Mace Head From the Negev, Israel
An interdisciplinary case study of the role of technology in ancient society is presented here based on a single copper object from the beginning of metallurgy in Israel during the late fifth to fourth millennium BC. This research is based on a combination of typological, chronological and technological analyses. The mace head is made of copper alloyed with arsenic and antitmony, cast in a ‘lost wax’ technique over a stone core. The metallurgical…
The Metallurgy of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard Reconsidered
The Nahal Mishmar hoard, found in a cave in the Judean Desert in 1961, is a key find for the study of Chalcolithic metallurgy in Israel and the Levant. Recent analyses of Chalcolithic metalwork from sites such as Shiqmim in Israel raised doubts about the validity of published analyses from the hoard. Accordingly a programme of re‐analysis was established using atomic absorption spectrometry and electron probe microanalysis. The new analyses confi…
The metal nails from the Ma'agan Mikhael ship
The multifocal 3D digital light microscope (LM) is an advanced tool which allows the high resolution tracking of surface topographies, morphologies and colours, and offers real-time measurements of parameters such as length and roughness, as well as in-situ field microscopic scale documentation. The use of a multifocal digital LM, equipped with powerful software, is examined in the present work as a justified tool for the study of ancient objects…
Making sense out of cents
M iddle B ronze A ge II Battleaxes from R ishon L e Z ion, I srael
Thirteen bronze battleaxes from M iddle B ronze A ge II graves at R ishon L e Z ion, I srael were analysed by ED XRF at multiple surface locations in order to determine their metallurgical composition. Six of these were further subjected to neutron diffraction using an ENGIN‐X diffractometer in order to determine bulk phase composition. The results indicate that the previously established geographical and chronological variability in S n– C u (wi…
A Comparison Study of Middle Bronze Age II Daggers and Their Rivets as a Tool for a Better Understanding of Their Production
The Middle Bronze Age II is a period during which there exists a contemporaneous usage of arsenic copper and tin bronze for metal weaponry production. In order to learn more about the alloys used in this period, the blades and rivets from 65 daggers of two significantly different types, which were discovered at the Rishon LeZion (RL) cemetery, Israel, were tested by the non‐destructive method of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The results reveal new kn…
Distinguishability between ancient and modern leaded tin bronzes by the composition of their lead inclusions
The composition of lead inclusions in modern and ancient leaded tin bronzes was studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Lattice parameter of lead inclusions in all bronzes was smaller than the lattice parameter of pure lead. This determination indicates that lead inclusions in bronzes are nothing else but Pb–Sn solid solutions. Tin concentration in lead inclusions in moder…
Recognizing Renaissance or older bronzes from modern ones
X-ray diffraction analysis of bronze coins dating from the 1st to the 19th century CE, together with several modern bronze samples of known composition, has revealed that the natural aging of the Pb–Sn solid solution within lead inclusions occurs over a period of approximately 350 years. During this time, the tin concentration in the inclusions decreases from about 3 at% (or higher) to roughly 1 at%. This gradual depletion of tin provides a measu…
Materials Science (7 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (6 works) · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis (5 works) · Metallurgy (5 works) · Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts (5 works) · Archaeology (4 works) · Geology (4 works) · History (4 works) · Bronze (3 works) · Bronze Age (3 works)