K Wegren
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 52779 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | K Wegren |
| NOMBRES | K |
| APELLIDO | Wegren |
| FIRMA | WEGREN K |
| AFILIACIONES | Southern Methodist University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2846-2306 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 86 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 305 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 86 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1988 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Regional diversity and Russia’s food security dilemmas
Russia’s Food Security Doctrine strives to ensure food self-sufficiency for all people in all regions of Russia. Russia is a geographically diverse country. The article analyzes two dilemmas that arise from current food security policy: (1) Regional diversity in food production capacity, food production, and food demand does not align with policy goals and (2) Not all regions can be food self-sufficient. The Russian Far East illustrates the secon…
Russia’s Not-So-Secure Food Security
The dominant approach to food security emphasizes food production and supply. This approach is too narrow. In reality, inputs are as important as actual food output. Without critical inputs, food production is constrained. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine illustrates the narrowness of the food production approach to food security. Russia is experiencing “input insecurity” which was revealed after its invasion of Ukraine. Specifically, the article exp…
Rural Adaptation in Russia
1. From Communism to Capitalism: Agrarian relations in twentieth century Russia and beyond 2. Reflections on Rural Adaptation at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century: The Stolypin reforms 3. Soviet Peasants and Collectivization, 1930-1939: Resistance and adaptation 4. Poverty and Adaptation in Rural Russia 5. Land Reform and the Social Origins of Private Farmers in Russia and Ukraine 6. Restructuring Postponed? Large Russian farm enterprises 'c…
The Kingdom of Rye
Goldstein has written an introductory text for the general reader who has an interest in Russia’s history and culture, but who does not have expertise in its food history. This book does not present new material and the intent is not to break new ground theoretically or empirically. The reader who is expecting a rigorous analysis of Russian food policy will be disappointed; there is no central argument and no endnotes or citations to references. …
The fragility of Russia’s agricultural production and implications for food security
Russia has experienced a remarkable agricultural recovery during the past 20 years. Yet, food production is heavily concentrated in the top five and top ten regions. Russia’s agricultural recovery is narrow because leading regions account for a disproportional percentage of output. That narrowness fosters fragility, which suggests that a downturn in production among main producers may cause a spike in food insecurity. Second tier regions are not …
Is Industrial Agriculture Sustainable During Climate Change and Ecological Threats
Э лектронный журнал «Экономическая социология» издаётся с 2000 г.Учредителями являются Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (с 2007 г.) и Вадим Валерьевич Радаев (главный редактор).Цель журнала -утверждать международные стандарты экономико-социологических исследований в России, представлять современные работы российских и зарубежных авторов в области экономической социологии, информировать профессиональное сообществ…
The Paradoxes of Smallholders in Contemporary Russia
The insecurity of food security in Russia’s Far North
The food security model envisions food supply from industrial agriculture, food production from smallholders, and food imports. The food sovereignty model emphasizes locally-sourced food from sustainable agriculture and implies self-sufficiency while being silent on the role of imports. This article argues that neither model fits Russia’s Far North well. Residents of the Far North are generally food secure based on consumption, but their food sec…
Introduction to symposium
The primary contributions of smallholders during the communist and early postcommunist periods have been food production and labour for large farms. Those conditions are changing, however, as modern farms require less labour and food supply may be imported. For most smallholders in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union countries, the postcommunist neoliberal environment has not brought significant improvement, and strong arguments …
Ideology and Philosophy of the Successful Regional Development in Contemporary Russia
The article considers economic successes of the Belgorod region as significantly determined by the governor Yevgeny Savchenko' agrarian policies, which compensate for the region's small size and modest human capital. In 2017, the authors published an article describing economic policies and social programs of regional authorities; now the authors focus on the leadership by Yevgeny Savchenko, and his rather paradoxical personal and management view…
"The "left behind
Smallholder production in Russia has been in decline for more than a decade. The likelihood is for continued marginalization. Smallholders confront four obstacles. First, path dependencies, which includes the fact that smallholders' production remains traditional and subsistence oriented. Second, institutions in the form of state policy restrict land and animals. Third, Russia's role in the third food regime means that smallholders are unable to …
The importance of strong regional leadership in Russia
Belgorod oblast is a highly successful region in Russia. The economic successes in Belgorod stem from the dynamic leadership is provided by Yevgeny Savchenko for the past 24 years. Savchenko supports agroholdings and industrial agriculture, while also adopting policies that foster the growth of small-forms of farming and organic farming. Savchenko’s agrarian policies have led to the so-called Belgorod Miracle. The Belgorod experience shows that d…
Gender inequality in Russia’s rural informal economy
This article analyzes gender inequality in Russia’s rural informal economy. Continuation of unequal gendered roles in Russia’s rural informal economy suggests that tradition and custom remain strong. Gender differentials in time spent tending the household garden remain significant, as is the distribution of household tasks into gendered roles in ways that effect professional advancement for women. Land ownership is the domain of men, and women a…
Can Russia Modernise? Sistema, Power Networks and Informal Governance, written by Alena V. Ledeneva
The impact of Russian food security policy on the performance of the food system
Food security has guided Russia’s food policy since 2010. The article examines the impact of food security policy on the food system. The Russian model of food security combines government intervention in the form of assistance for domestic production while simultaneously restricting market access. Food security does not appear to have a deleterious impact on the food system. We measure impact on four dimensions. Financial support for agriculture…
The Russian Variant of Food Security
Russia’s political leaders have a different understanding of food security than traditional usage. The traditional usage of the term food security refers to access, availability, and nutritional aspects of food. According to the conventional application of food security, the vast majority of the Russian population is not food insecure by traditional measures. The Russian variant of food security connects food trade to national security. The Russi…
Нousehold Inequality and Village Discord
The author believes that rural Russia is much more unequal today than during the Soviet period in terms of income and wealth (land). The article describes three periods in the XX century, when rural Russia experienced a significant upheaval in the economic interaction between peasants and their means of production: the Stolypin reform of 1906-1911, the Stalin's collectivization, and the ending of the Soviet system in the early 1990s. The author a…
Russia’s tilt to Asia and implications for agriculture in the Far East
As part of Russia’s strategic tilt to Asia, Russian policymakers hope to increase food exports to the Asia-Pacific region. This article analyzes prospects for increasing Russia’s penetration of Asian food markets by surveying initiatives to increase local food production in the Far East and efforts to attract investment into agriculture. Obstacles to increased market penetration are examined, including contradictory policy goals.Keywords: Russian…
Jenny Leigh Smith. Works in Progress
Journal Article Jenny Leigh Smith. Works in Progress: Plans and Realities on Soviet Farms, 1930–1963. Get access Jenny Leigh Smith. Works in Progress: Plans and Realities on Soviet Farms, 1930–1963. (Yale Agragrian Studies Series.) New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2014. Pp. ix, 272. $85.00. Stephen K. Wegren Stephen K. Wegren Southern Methodist University [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Sch…
The Underrepresentation of Women in Leadership Positions in Rural Russia
Numerous studies have documented the persistence of gender inequality in rural Russia, including the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions. A survey (N = 169) conducted in two rural Russian regions examined residents' explanations of gender inequality and their support for various remedies to ameliorate this situation. Both male and female respondents downplay outright discrimination in accounting for gender-based occupational ineq…
The Russian food embargo and food security
The food ban announced by President Putin in August 2014 flows from the 2010 food security doctrine. Russia is food insecure in animal husbandry production and relies on imports to meet domestic demand. Households, which account for over 40% of food production, are integral to attaining food security. Russia could reduce meat imports if households would sell more animal husbandry products. The article presents a profile of commercialized househol…
Rural Inequality in Post-Soviet Russia
Rural inequality has increased significantly in the post-Soviet period, mirroring trends in society at large: urban-rural income differences have widened; income sources have changed; and upper- and lower-income households use different strategies that increase the economic gap between them
Gender inequality in Russia's rural formal economy
Gender inequality in Russia's rural formal economy is examined using quantitative and qualitative data. Rural women continue to be underrepresented in farm managerial positions, and gendered income differences remain the norm. Rural women are underrepresented because they continue to have responsibility for most of the housework and child care. The traditional division of labor inside the household continues to dominate, thereby affecting women's…
Food security in the Russian Federation
The article analyzes food security in the Russian Federation. In the international realm, Russia is different from other countries in that it defines security through the prism of national interest. In this regard, Russian leaders have expressed concern over the volume of food imports, the dollar value of imports, and the degree to which the nation lacks self-sufficiency in certain food commodities. In the domestic realm, the evidence about food …
Pathways of Rural Stratification in Russia's European North
Employing survey data and fieldwork from the Republic of Komi, this article demonstrates that sources of stratification such as food sales, land expansion and household business, that have a significant effect in regions favourable to agricultural production, do not have a similar impact on household stratification in this forested region. The differing effects of entrepreneurial activity in Komi may be attributed to the household employment stru…
Winners and Losers in Russian Agrarian Reform
More than ten years after Russian agrarian reform was begun, it is appropriate to reflect upon winners and losers. Using survey data from 800 households in five Russian regions, this article is interested in the effect of reform within the rural sphere. The analysis focuses on four groups of rural actors within the food production sphere: private farmers, farm managers, specialists employed on state and collective farms and their juridical succes…
The politics of private farming in Russia
This article seeks to explore why private farming in Russia has fared so poorly even after private farming was designated the centrepiece of Russian land reform and political capital was invested in its success. The underlying causes for the lack of success extend beyond economic and social factors. While the entire agricultural sector has been adversely affected by reform policies undertaken since 1992, private farmers have been hurt the most be…
State Withdrawal and the Impact of Marketization on Rural Russia
The role of the state is greatly misunderstood in post‐Soviet affairs. In particular, neither urban bias nor corporatist models help to understand the impact of reforms in rural Russia. The article argues that the best way to understand the impact of marketization on the rural sector is through the concept of state withdrawal. State withdrawals is distinct from state weakness, the former reflecting policy choices and the latter concerning state c…
Prospects for Managed Democracy in Russia
The 2003 Duma election resulted in the victory of the party of power, thereby strengthening managed democracy in Russia. Since then, political trends in Russia's regions and rural politics provide considerable evidence of the increasing ability of pro-Kremlin forces to maximise their electoral fortunes in national contests. These political trends make it likely that United Russia will not only emerge as the dominant party in the 2007 Duma electio…
The 2003 Russian Duma election and the decline in rural support for the communist party
Contemporary Rural Responses to Reform from Above
Poverty and Adaptation in Rural Russia
Survey data are used to identify different levels of poverty emerging in the adaptation of rural households to the new Russian market economy. Three levels of poverty are described: the absolutely deprived, the deprived and the relatively deprived. Comparisons of the adaptation strategies of these different types of households are made with respect to (a) different sources of income; (b) access to physical capital; (c) household production and sa…
Food Security and Russia's 2010 Drought
An American specialist on Russia's agricultural sector examines the progression and impact of that country's 2010 drought (the worst in a half-century), leading to a grain harvest one-third smaller than originally forecast. A particular focus is on the country's grain reserves and the government's response to drought in such areas as grain export policy and maintaining the size of the domestic livestock herd, responses which the author argues are…
Social mobility in rural Russia, 1995-2003
Using panel survey data from three Russian villages, this article examines rural social mobility in post-communist Russia. The article finds that contemporary rural social mobility is different from that which existed during the Soviet period. During the Soviet period, rural social mobility was linked to changes in profession and the direction of mobility was primarily upward. In the post-Soviet period, rural mobility is linked to increasing inco…
Why Russia's Rural Poor Are Poor
Specialists on the Russian rural sector examine the level, extent, causes, and consequences of rural poverty in Russia. Analysis is based on survey data from person-to-person interviews of 800 rural households in five regions within Russia. The article examines structural, behavioral, and psychological factors, comparing the poor with the non-poor on each dimension
"The "left behind
Smallholder production in Russia has been in decline for more than a decade. The likelihood is for continued marginalization. Smallholders confront four obstacles. First, path dependencies, which includes the fact that smallholders' production remains traditional and subsistence oriented. Second, institutions in the form of state policy restrict land and animals. Third, Russia's role in the third food regime means that smallholders are unable to …
Food security in the Russian Federation
The article analyzes food security in the Russian Federation. In the international realm, Russia is different from other countries in that it defines security through the prism of national interest. In this regard, Russian leaders have expressed concern over the volume of food imports, the dollar value of imports, and the degree to which the nation lacks self-sufficiency in certain food commodities. In the domestic realm, the evidence about food …
Typologies of Household Risk-Taking
In the post-Soviet economic environment, new opportunities arose attendant with market reform. Rural households had to choose whether to continue past behaviors - to subsist - or to adapt, the latter requiring a degree of risk. This paper analyzes risk-averse and risk-taking households by addressing three main questions: (a) which households are risk-averse and which are risk-takers?; (b) what are the characteristics of those different types of h…
The state and Agrarian reform in post-communist Russia
The purpose of this article is to survey the evolution in the role of the state in Russian agriculture. Six specific policy realms are examined in order to measure the role of the state. The analysis begins with an overview of how the state intervened in agriculture during the Soviet period. In the post-Soviet period, the role of the state has changed and is divided into two periods. The first period is one of'state withdrawal,' based upon laisse…
Democratization and Urban Bias in Postcommunist Russia
For the last twenty-five years urban bias has been one of the most prevalent theoretical frameworks for analyzing urban-rural relations in developing nations. Urban bias is commonly thought to be of greater intensity and duration in nondemocratic nations, in particular one party systems.' As post-Soviet states democratize and open their political systems to competition, urban bias would be expected to be more difficult to maintain. In particular,…
Dilemmas of Agrarian reform in the Soviet Union
AGRICULTURAL POLICY is not solely a matter of economics or production. At its core agricultural policy is made up of 'those decisions by governments which alter the prices farmers confront in the markets which determine their income'.1 In order to understand the politics of agricultural policy one must explain the patterns of intervention engaged in by governments. These patterns of intervention reflect leadership values vis-a-vis the peasantry, …
Introduction to symposium
The primary contributions of smallholders during the communist and early postcommunist periods have been food production and labour for large farms. Those conditions are changing, however, as modern farms require less labour and food supply may be imported. For most smallholders in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union countries, the postcommunist neoliberal environment has not brought significant improvement, and strong arguments …
Income Stratification in Russian Villages From Profession to Property
Russia’s rural residents, much like foreign investors, only began to put capital into the transitional economy when it became apparent that contracts and other institutional arrangements would be enforced
Beyond Stratification
Using survey data from Russian villages, this article examines the development of a rural class structure in postcommunist Russia. It is argued that as a result of market reforms, social and economic relations have evolved beyond stratification, and that, rather, a rural class structure is emerging. Five measures of an emerging class structure are posited: income stratification, land holdings, capital stock, class consciousness, and shared attitu…
Marketization and Community in Post-Soviet Russian Villages
The introduction of new market institutions in former socialist countries has produced economic and social dislocations in people's lives. Researchers have focused on the impact of these changes on inequality and poverty, but have not given much attention to changes in community relationships. Panel data from surveys of Russian rural households (1995–1999) is used to examine post-socialist changes in community involvement. The surveys show an ove…
Patterns of Internal Migration During the Russian Transition
Internal migration in post-Soviet Russia accounts for 80 per cent of all migration, involving millions of individuals a year. With the fall of communism, the Russian state has withdrawn from the regulation of internal migration, and the right to migrate freely is now an uncontested freedom. For most of the 1990s, the Russian countryside has been a net recipient of migrants, reversing a decades-long trend of rural out-migration. Regional patterns …
Socioeconomic Transformation in Russia
MARKET REFORMS IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA have spawned a rapid social transformation in the urban sphere. The departure from Soviet-era drabness of dress and life from the late 1980s is nothing short of startling. In larger Russian cities one finds fine dining, expensive cars, cellular phones, night clubs and high fashion clothes. As a result, urban Russia has been transformed, fostered by foreign investment, particularly in Moscow and St Petersburg.…
Rural reform and political culture in Russia
(1994). Rural reform and political culture in Russia. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 215-241
Private Farming in Russia
The emergence of privately owned peasant farms in the early 1990s was one of the most important reforms in Russia's agrarian sector. Initially failing to become a significant food producer, during its second decade private farming emerged as a success in agrarian reform. This success is analyzed using two levels of analysis. At the macro-level, economic performance, government policy, and AKKOR's relationships with a range of actors are examined.…
Land Reform in Russia
Despite late Soviet and early post-Soviet intentions to make peasants "masters of the land," large farms continue to use most of Russia's agricultural land. This article analyzes how and why only a relatively small portion of Russia's agricultural land ended up in the hands of individuals and households. Drawing on a dataset from a cross-sectional survey of nine regions covering the entire length of the country and 900 rural households, the artic…
Opening Up the Soviet Economy. Jerry F. Hough
Private Agriculture in the Soviet UnionUnder Gorbachev
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back
STEPHEN K. WEGREN (Dallas, TX, U.S.A.) TWO STEPS FORWARD, ONE STEP BACK: THE POLITICS OF AN EMERGING NEW RURAL SOCIAL POLICY IN RUSSIA * Introduction For decades the former Soviet regime placed priority primarily on the levels of personal food consumption with little regard to a farm's production costs, efficiency, or profitability. This emphasis led to enormous waste and a grossly inefficient rural sector.' The costs of that strategy now are pro…
Dilemmas of Agrarian reform in the Soviet Union
AGRICULTURAL POLICY is not solely a matter of economics or production. At its core agricultural policy is made up of 'those decisions by governments which alter the prices farmers confront in the markets which determine their income'.1 In order to understand the politics of agricultural policy one must explain the patterns of intervention engaged in by governments. These patterns of intervention reflect leadership values vis-a-vis the peasantry, …
Is Land Privatization Necessary in Russia
Weapons of the Weak
Rural reform and political culture in Russia
(1994). Rural reform and political culture in Russia. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 215-241
Building market institutions
Functioning wholesale markets are crucial if market reforms are to succeed in Russia. In the agricultural sector, wholesale markets are needed to provide private farmers an outlet for their production. This article traces the development of commodity exchanges in the last years of the Soviet Union and into the post-Soviet period in Russia. Based upon interviews, published, and unpublished information, the article also examines in detail how agric…
Rural migration and agrarian reform in Russia
This study focuses primarily on trends in rural-urban migration in Russia and the former Soviet Union. "New data suggest that a historic shift in migration patterns is underway in Russia, a change that may have profound long-term effects on agrarian reform and the nature of the Russian countryside. We begin with a short review of past rural migration trends and the rural demographic situation, in part using archival data for an oblast in central …
Rural Politics and Agrarian Reform in Russia
Why has agrarian reform actually worsened the economic condition of the agricultural sector? Agriculture’s problems stem from the division and resulting political weakness of rural interests
Understanding rural reform in Russia
HOW ARE WE TO UNDERSTAND PATTERNS OF LAND REFORM in post-communist Russia? What explains patterns of behaviour exhibited by Russian rural dwellers, and how do we explain continuities in behaviour from the Soviet period? Despite enormous institutional and policy changes since 1991 the Russian countryside has remained essentially collectivist and egalitarian. Why? In 1994 I published an article in this journal that attempted to shed light on these …
The politics of private farming in Russia
This article seeks to explore why private farming in Russia has fared so poorly even after private farming was designated the centrepiece of Russian land reform and political capital was invested in its success. The underlying causes for the lack of success extend beyond economic and social factors. While the entire agricultural sector has been adversely affected by reform policies undertaken since 1992, private farmers have been hurt the most be…
Demographic and migratory responses to agrarian reform in Russia
When considering the prospects for agrarian reform in Russia, it is important to remember that people matter. It is all too easy to forget that the human factor exerts a profound influence on agrarian performance. Migration out of rural areas during the Soviet period drained the countryside of the young, the skilled and the ambitious. Rural migration trends since 1990 have not overcome the earlier consequences. In particular, spatial polarization…
Land reform and the land market in Russia
RUSSIA IS UNDERGOING ITS THIRD GREAT LAND REFORM in the 20th century. Previous land reforms were associated with significant political, social and economic transformation. The first Russian land reforms of the century, the Stolypin reforms, were designed to facilitate the movement of peasants out of the communal mir. The Stolypin reforms were also linked to Russia's attempt to industrialise and to introduce limited democracy in the early 20th cen…
The Political Economy of the Russian Land Market
The emergence of a Russian land market has been hindered by political, psychological, and economic factors. Leasing, not land purchase, predominates, and extremely small plots of land are the norm
How Russia Votes
Journal Article How Russia Votes Get access How Russia Votes by Stephen White, Richard Rose, and Ian McAllister. Chatham, NJ, Chatham House Publishers, 1997. 352 pp. Paper, $24.95. Stephen Wegren Stephen Wegren Southern Methodist University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 113, Issue 1, Spring 1998, Pages 151–152, https://doi.org/10.2307/2657669 Published: 15 February 201…
Russian agrarian reform and rural capitalism reconsidered
Since 1990, significant institutional and policy change has occurred in the Russian agrarian sector. A crucial question is whether these changes will facilitate rural capitalism and the emergence of a rural bourgeoisie. This article examines Russian domestic economic policies and international trade policies, arguing that macroeconomic policies are inherently detrimental to the agrarian sector, are undermining the prospects for capitalism and the…
The Russian Food Problem
Russians worry more about rising food prices than any other problem. Until the food problem is solved, nationalists and communists alike will bewail Russia’s vulnerability to foreign economic blackmail
Socioeconomic Transformation in Russia
MARKET REFORMS IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA have spawned a rapid social transformation in the urban sphere. The departure from Soviet-era drabness of dress and life from the late 1980s is nothing short of startling. In larger Russian cities one finds fine dining, expensive cars, cellular phones, night clubs and high fashion clothes. As a result, urban Russia has been transformed, fostered by foreign investment, particularly in Moscow and St Petersburg.…
Reinventing Russia
State Withdrawal and the Impact of Marketization on Rural Russia
The role of the state is greatly misunderstood in post‐Soviet affairs. In particular, neither urban bias nor corporatist models help to understand the impact of reforms in rural Russia. The article argues that the best way to understand the impact of marketization on the rural sector is through the concept of state withdrawal. State withdrawals is distinct from state weakness, the former reflecting policy choices and the latter concerning state c…
Patterns of Internal Migration During the Russian Transition
Internal migration in post-Soviet Russia accounts for 80 per cent of all migration, involving millions of individuals a year. With the fall of communism, the Russian state has withdrawn from the regulation of internal migration, and the right to migrate freely is now an uncontested freedom. For most of the 1990s, the Russian countryside has been a net recipient of migrants, reversing a decades-long trend of rural out-migration. Regional patterns …
Observations on Russia's New Agricultural Land Legislation
An American specialist on Russian agriculture provides an in-depth examination of the pivotal Law on Turnover of Agricultural Land, enacted in 2002. He first surveys the recent, post-Soviet history of land legislation in the agricultural sector to provide a context for debates leading to the drafting of the current law, and proceeds to enumerate notable aspects of that law, covering land ownership by foreigners, size of land holdings, sale of far…
Russian Agrarian Reform
Rural women fared worse during Russian agrarian reform; and they are more economically conservative. But economic conservatism does not translate into political conservatism, as women support conservative parties and candidates less than men do
Democratization and Urban Bias in Postcommunist Russia
For the last twenty-five years urban bias has been one of the most prevalent theoretical frameworks for analyzing urban-rural relations in developing nations. Urban bias is commonly thought to be of greater intensity and duration in nondemocratic nations, in particular one party systems.' As post-Soviet states democratize and open their political systems to competition, urban bias would be expected to be more difficult to maintain. In particular,…
Political science (73 obras) · Economics (71 obras) · Geography (50 obras) · Russia and Soviet political economy (49 obras) · Agriculture (43 obras) · Development economics (31 obras) · Law (31 obras) · Economic growth (30 obras) · Business (28 obras) · Politics (28 obras)