Ole Varmer
Biographic Data
| ID | 5639317 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ole Varmer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ole |
| FAMILY NAME | Varmer |
| SIGNATURE | VARMER O |
| AFFILIATIONS | The Ocean Foundation |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 12 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 8 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 12 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Admiralty Jurisdiction, Maritime Law of Salvage, and Titanic
Admiralty jurisdiction was developed in Britain to address legal issues that arise on ships in the high seas. It was incorporated into the US Constitution, which requires that maritime cases, such as those arising under the substantive maritime law of salvage must, as a matter of procedure, be heard in a federal court established under Article III of the US Constitution. The cases involving salvage of Titanic have been handled by the federal cour…
International Agreement
The US, France, Canada, and the United Kingdom (UK) agreed to negotiate an agreement to protect Titanic . They began in 1997 and the UK, Canada, and France agreed to provisions requested by the US called for in the RMS Titanic Maritime Memorial Act of 1986 (1986 Act). They were held in tandem with many of the negotiations in Paris on the protection of UCH that resulted in the UNESCO 2001 Convention. The US hoped to influence those negotiations, p…
Controversy and Conflict
Since its discovery, there have been extreme views on how to best protect Titanic . At one end are those who felt it should be left undisturbed as a grave site and memorial to those who lost their lives that fateful night. At the other end are salvors and others who believe the best way to protect it is to recovery or salvage artifacts so that they can be seen by the public in museums and other institutions. These conflicting views resulted in ca…
Why Titanic Mattered to the US Government
The loss of Titanic was an event that impacted many nations. The impact on and in the United States (US) was profound. A number of the lost were immigrants bound for the US. The ownership of the company that owned Titanic was American, which explains one aspect of the US interest in the wreck before its discovery. There is a significant American maritime cultural landscape connected to those who were lost as well as survivors, museums with artifa…
The US Government Response
The discovery of the wreck of Titanic led the U.S. Congress to pass legislation directing NOAA to assume a led role in the U.S. response to the discovery. Salvage of artifacts of the wreck by a private U.S. company in international waters began at the same time. This spurred additional interest in seeking international cooperation to protect the wreck site from unauthorized salvage. Numerous expeditions to Titanic , some for salvage, others for s…
Traction for an International Agreement
The exhibition of artifacts salvaged from Titanic sparked controversy and led to a series of private discussions, an audit of the recoveries, which found the salvage had been professionally conducted, but not as an archaeologically-focused project. The exhibition led to an international meeting that addressed not only Titanic but the larger issue of the protection of underwater cultural heritage, a topic also then under discussion and with subseq…
Titanic Law and Policy
This open access book highlights the historical significance of Titanic , and its impact on law, including the first treaty on maritime safety - the Safety Of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS). The work covers the laws that protect Titanic , e.g., the 1986 RMS Titanic Maritime Memorial Act, the international agreement on Titanic , and the 2017 implementing legislation that enabled its Entry into Force between the US, and UK. UNESCO's 2001 Convention…
The Future of Titanic
Ongoing deterioration of Titanic is taking place as for now, salvage is not being undertaken; questions over removal and salvage of artifacts inside the hull, such as the Marconi wireless and key artifacts in the story of the disaster, have sparked controversy and discussion. The loss of the tourist submersible Titan is another controversial subject. Recent technological advances have also created an accurate “virtual” Titanic as a digital twin o…
Rediscovery of USS Kailua (IX-71) Ex-SS Dickenson
Maritime Claims and Underwater Archaeology
Memorializing the Middle Passage on the Atlantic seabed in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
More than 12.5 million Africans were held captive on 40,000+ voyages during the transatlantic slave trade. Many did not survive the voyage and the Atlantic seabed became their final resting place. Exploration for mineral resources on the international seabed (the “Area”) in the Atlantic Basin is already underway, governed by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Through the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Member Stat…
United States
Memorializing the Middle Passage on the Atlantic seabed in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
More than 12.5 million Africans were held captive on 40,000+ voyages during the transatlantic slave trade. Many did not survive the voyage and the Atlantic seabed became their final resting place. Exploration for mineral resources on the international seabed (the “Area”) in the Atlantic Basin is already underway, governed by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Through the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Member Stat…
United States
United States
Memorializing the Middle Passage on the Atlantic seabed in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
More than 12.5 million Africans were held captive on 40,000+ voyages during the transatlantic slave trade. Many did not survive the voyage and the Atlantic seabed became their final resting place. Exploration for mineral resources on the international seabed (the “Area”) in the Atlantic Basin is already underway, governed by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Through the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Member Stat…
Maritime Claims and Underwater Archaeology
Rediscovery of USS Kailua (IX-71) Ex-SS Dickenson
Admiralty Jurisdiction, Maritime Law of Salvage, and Titanic
Admiralty jurisdiction was developed in Britain to address legal issues that arise on ships in the high seas. It was incorporated into the US Constitution, which requires that maritime cases, such as those arising under the substantive maritime law of salvage must, as a matter of procedure, be heard in a federal court established under Article III of the US Constitution. The cases involving salvage of Titanic have been handled by the federal cour…
International Agreement
The US, France, Canada, and the United Kingdom (UK) agreed to negotiate an agreement to protect Titanic . They began in 1997 and the UK, Canada, and France agreed to provisions requested by the US called for in the RMS Titanic Maritime Memorial Act of 1986 (1986 Act). They were held in tandem with many of the negotiations in Paris on the protection of UCH that resulted in the UNESCO 2001 Convention. The US hoped to influence those negotiations, p…
Controversy and Conflict
Since its discovery, there have been extreme views on how to best protect Titanic . At one end are those who felt it should be left undisturbed as a grave site and memorial to those who lost their lives that fateful night. At the other end are salvors and others who believe the best way to protect it is to recovery or salvage artifacts so that they can be seen by the public in museums and other institutions. These conflicting views resulted in ca…
Why Titanic Mattered to the US Government
The loss of Titanic was an event that impacted many nations. The impact on and in the United States (US) was profound. A number of the lost were immigrants bound for the US. The ownership of the company that owned Titanic was American, which explains one aspect of the US interest in the wreck before its discovery. There is a significant American maritime cultural landscape connected to those who were lost as well as survivors, museums with artifa…
The US Government Response
The discovery of the wreck of Titanic led the U.S. Congress to pass legislation directing NOAA to assume a led role in the U.S. response to the discovery. Salvage of artifacts of the wreck by a private U.S. company in international waters began at the same time. This spurred additional interest in seeking international cooperation to protect the wreck site from unauthorized salvage. Numerous expeditions to Titanic , some for salvage, others for s…
Traction for an International Agreement
The exhibition of artifacts salvaged from Titanic sparked controversy and led to a series of private discussions, an audit of the recoveries, which found the salvage had been professionally conducted, but not as an archaeologically-focused project. The exhibition led to an international meeting that addressed not only Titanic but the larger issue of the protection of underwater cultural heritage, a topic also then under discussion and with subseq…
Titanic Law and Policy
This open access book highlights the historical significance of Titanic , and its impact on law, including the first treaty on maritime safety - the Safety Of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS). The work covers the laws that protect Titanic , e.g., the 1986 RMS Titanic Maritime Memorial Act, the international agreement on Titanic , and the 2017 implementing legislation that enabled its Entry into Force between the US, and UK. UNESCO's 2001 Convention…
The Future of Titanic
Ongoing deterioration of Titanic is taking place as for now, salvage is not being undertaken; questions over removal and salvage of artifacts inside the hull, such as the Marconi wireless and key artifacts in the story of the disaster, have sparked controversy and discussion. The loss of the tourist submersible Titan is another controversial subject. Recent technological advances have also created an accurate “virtual” Titanic as a digital twin o…
Maritime and Coastal Archaeology (9 works) · RMS Titanic (8 works) · International Maritime Law Issues (6 works) · Archaeology (4 works) · Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation (4 works) · History (4 works) · History (4 works) · Maritime archaeology (4 works) · heritage management (3 works) · Law (3 works)