D J W STRÜMPFER
Biographic Data
| ID | 5707207 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D J W STRÜMPFER |
| GIVEN NAMES | D J W |
| FAMILY NAME | STRÜMPFER |
| SIGNATURE | STRÜMPFER D J W |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Cape Town |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 86 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 21 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
What Contributes to Fortigenic Appraisal of Inordinate Demands? Everything
The construct of appraisal of inordinate demands is reviewed. A diversity of variables that contribute to fortigenic appraisal is introduced, with each described and illustrated, the purpose being to increase awareness of how all-embracing influences on appraisal are. Although this is done in a reductive and linear way, relationships between variables are emphasised. A subsidiary purpose is to highlight fortigenesis , which concerns the origins o…
Positive Emotions, Positive Emotionality and Their Contribution to Fortigenic Living
The term fortology refers to the origins of strength, and is used as an alternative to positive psychology. The purpose of the review is to highlight extant knowledge and the research potential of the field. In the first section of the review, positive emotions are considered as lived experiences, and their significance explained with reference to Fredrickson's Broaden-and-Build Theory. Both short-duration and longer-term effects of positive emot…
The Strengths Perspective
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants
Psychofortology is an alternative designation for positive psychology, and fortology (Latin fortis = strong) an antonym for pathology. The strengths paradigm has ancient origins. In this article brief reviews are presented of contributions made during the first eight decades of the twentieth century by mainly psychologists and psychiatrists. Among the most outstanding were James, Jung, Allport, Murray, Rogers, Frankl, Maslow, Csikszentmihalyi and…
Resilience and Burnout
The central argument in this article is that there are psychological variables, subsumed here under the generic heading of resilience, that advance fortigenesis and thus create tendencies contrary to those that produce burnout, or favourable to its antipode of engagement. In a literature review, five theoretical variables are presented: engagement, meaningfulness, subjective well-being, positive emotions, and proactive coping, as well as five som…
Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Measure Resilience in Adults
A rationale for using a projective approach, in addition to self-reports, is presented. A resilience exercise is described, consisting of 6 sentences describing adverse situations, in response to which participants write projective stories. A scoring scheme for such stories is introduced. 152 adults ( M age = 34.28, SD = 9.15; M educ = 14.55, SD = 2.31) working in organizations, completed the exercise and self-report scales. On the basis of initi…
Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale and Job Attitudes
Sense of coherence (SOC; Antonovsky, 1987) is a key concept in a theoretical model of salutogenesis and fortigenesis, which attempts to explain the origins of psychological strength. Since working provides important endpoints of well-being, SOC's relationships to job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment and conscientiousness were investigated. Study 1, on 92 insurance consultants (all males, M age 39 y.), revealed significant …
Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale and 16pf Second-Order Factors
The SOC scale (A. Antonovsky, 1987) purports to measure a disposition which engenders and enhances health but some empirical findings suggest that it is seriously contaminated with negative affectivity. In a criterion validation on 100 undergraduates at a predominantly Black university, SOC was correlated with S.E. Krug and E.F. Johns' (1986) 16PF second-order factor scores, as a broad spectrum of personality variables. The SOC-Anxiety correlatio…
Personality Dispositions and Job Satisfaction
Interactional explanations of job satisfaction are generally accepted, but the relative weight attached to dispositional and situational aspects is a matter of debate. Relationships of two negative affectivity, two positive affectivity, and one bipolar affective measure, as well as a sense of coherence scale, to intrinsic, extrinsic, total and global job satisfaction were investigated. Three samples of, respectively, 118 student nurses, 88 profes…
Sense of Coherence, Negative Affectivity, and General Health in Farm Supervisors
Interview schedules were administered, 9 mo. apart, to 79 male first-line supervisors. The first included the 13-item Sense of Coherence scale (Antonovsky) and the PANAS, from which the Negative Affectivity scale was used; the second included two graphic rating scales for general health. Scores on Sense of Coherence and Negative Affectivity correlated -.30, indicating that the relationship is not always strong enough to assume that the former sca…
The Relation between Religious Motivation and Work-Related Variables Amongst Agricultural Workers
Allport's (1966) constructs of intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness formed the basis of the study. A questionnaire containing scales to measure intrinsic religious motivation (IRM; abbreviated from Hoge, 1972), extrinsic religious orientation (ERO; Feagin, 1967), qualitative workload, powerlessness, role ambiguity, participation in decision-making, job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and …
Stress among Clergy
In a pilot study 10 male Anglican priests were interviewed individually about their roles, experiences of stress, impact of their work on family life, and problems of working for the church. Items for a questionnaire were formulated on the basis of this information. One hundred and ten usable sets of data (44% return rate) were factor analysed, resulting in three stressor scales: Person-role Conflict, Quantitative Workload and Role Insufficiency.…
The Origins of Health and Strength
It is argued that Antonovsky's concept of ‘salutogenesis’, referring to the origins of health, should be broadened to ‘fortigenesis’, which refers to the origins of psychological strength in general. The argument is based on his own writings. A number of related constructs are referred to in which the metaphor of strength is also inherent. Research on the development of psychological strength through appropriate work experiences, through military…
An Overview of Jenkins Activity Survey Data in South Africa
Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) data on samples of executives are reviewed first, followed by data on non-executive samples. A strong possibility exists of an unusually high incidence of the Type A behaviour pattern, as measured by the JAS Type A scale, among white managers in business and industries characterized by a strong marketing orientation and in occupations characterized by fast, personalized feedback on performance. Afrikaans speakers ten…
The Validity of the Jenkins Activity Survey in Terms of Illness and Work
The Type A Behaviour Pattern (TABP) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), as a means of operationalizing it, are described. The JAS is a measure of the ‘pressured drive’ component of the TABP and is related only poorly to the Structured Interview, which is usually considered as the standard méasure of the TABP. Literature on the JAS and coronary heart disease (CHD) is reviewed first. Cross-sectional studies provided favourable validation but not…
Salutogenesis
In contrast to the traditional pathogenic paradigm, a paradigm of salutogenesis (tracing the origins of health) is suggested on the basis of Antonovsky's writings. Examples are presented to support the view that stressors are omnipresent, rather than the exception; however, it is also argued that people are nevertheless surviving and are remaining healthy. Five examples of salutogenic constructs which help explain such a concurrence are reviewed,…
Do White South African Managers Suffer from Exceptional Levels of Job Stress
A sample of 163 white, male, English-speaking managers from a diversity of disciplines, functional areas and kinds of business and industry completed self-report scales on job demands, role stressors and social support. Their scores were compared with those of comparable samples from elsewhere, mainly from the USA, for whom data were obtained from published sources. The South African mean of 48,9 hours worked per week was similar to those of comp…
Towards a More Socially Responsive Psychology
The South African situation provides exceptional opportunities for socially relevant activities by psychologists. Research strategies that seem likely to advance psychology faster and more validly, are: better use of inductive inference, more short-run empiricism, greater use of qualitative methods, greater use of combined quantitative and qualitative methods, and approaching subjects as co-inquiring participants. The question is discussed whethe…
Relationship between Attitudes toward One's Names and Self-Esteem
First, middle, and last names were rated on 5-point scales. Self-esteem was measured on the Ziller Social Self-esteem, the Bills Index of Adjustment and Values, and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Subjects were 93 male and 73 female students in first- and second-year psychology. Subjects generally liked their names, with middle names disliked most often. Males liked their last names significantly more than their middle names, while females…
Scales to Measure Autonomous and Social Achievement Values
Inventory scales were constructed through factor analysis of Bendig's (1964) and Costello's (1967) items and then lengthened through item-analyses on additional items. Split-half and test-retest reliabilities were acceptable. The autonomous value scale correlated with university examination performance, differentiated between part-time and full-time students, was related to attitudes changed by an achievement motivation course for high school und…
A Validation of the Harris‐goodenough Test
S ummary . Scores on the Harris‐Goodenough point scales were studied in a group of seventy‐nine children (mean age 11 ·44 years). Various kinds of reliability proved to be acceptably high. Criterion measures were an individual and a group intelligence test, scholastic achievement tests, a paper‐and‐pencil dexterity test, the HSPQ, examination marks, rankings by teachers, and father's occupation. Validity coefficients ranged from low to moderate. …
The Origins of Health and Strength
It is argued that Antonovsky's concept of ‘salutogenesis’, referring to the origins of health, should be broadened to ‘fortigenesis’, which refers to the origins of psychological strength in general. The argument is based on his own writings. A number of related constructs are referred to in which the metaphor of strength is also inherent. Research on the development of psychological strength through appropriate work experiences, through military…
Salutogenesis
In contrast to the traditional pathogenic paradigm, a paradigm of salutogenesis (tracing the origins of health) is suggested on the basis of Antonovsky's writings. Examples are presented to support the view that stressors are omnipresent, rather than the exception; however, it is also argued that people are nevertheless surviving and are remaining healthy. Five examples of salutogenic constructs which help explain such a concurrence are reviewed,…
Towards a More Socially Responsive Psychology
The South African situation provides exceptional opportunities for socially relevant activities by psychologists. Research strategies that seem likely to advance psychology faster and more validly, are: better use of inductive inference, more short-run empiricism, greater use of qualitative methods, greater use of combined quantitative and qualitative methods, and approaching subjects as co-inquiring participants. The question is discussed whethe…
The Strengths Perspective
Stress among Clergy
In a pilot study 10 male Anglican priests were interviewed individually about their roles, experiences of stress, impact of their work on family life, and problems of working for the church. Items for a questionnaire were formulated on the basis of this information. One hundred and ten usable sets of data (44% return rate) were factor analysed, resulting in three stressor scales: Person-role Conflict, Quantitative Workload and Role Insufficiency.…
Resilience and Burnout
The central argument in this article is that there are psychological variables, subsumed here under the generic heading of resilience, that advance fortigenesis and thus create tendencies contrary to those that produce burnout, or favourable to its antipode of engagement. In a literature review, five theoretical variables are presented: engagement, meaningfulness, subjective well-being, positive emotions, and proactive coping, as well as five som…
Personality Dispositions and Job Satisfaction
Interactional explanations of job satisfaction are generally accepted, but the relative weight attached to dispositional and situational aspects is a matter of debate. Relationships of two negative affectivity, two positive affectivity, and one bipolar affective measure, as well as a sense of coherence scale, to intrinsic, extrinsic, total and global job satisfaction were investigated. Three samples of, respectively, 118 student nurses, 88 profes…
The Relation between Religious Motivation and Work-Related Variables Amongst Agricultural Workers
Allport's (1966) constructs of intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness formed the basis of the study. A questionnaire containing scales to measure intrinsic religious motivation (IRM; abbreviated from Hoge, 1972), extrinsic religious orientation (ERO; Feagin, 1967), qualitative workload, powerlessness, role ambiguity, participation in decision-making, job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and …
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants
Psychofortology is an alternative designation for positive psychology, and fortology (Latin fortis = strong) an antonym for pathology. The strengths paradigm has ancient origins. In this article brief reviews are presented of contributions made during the first eight decades of the twentieth century by mainly psychologists and psychiatrists. Among the most outstanding were James, Jung, Allport, Murray, Rogers, Frankl, Maslow, Csikszentmihalyi and…
Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale and Job Attitudes
Sense of coherence (SOC; Antonovsky, 1987) is a key concept in a theoretical model of salutogenesis and fortigenesis, which attempts to explain the origins of psychological strength. Since working provides important endpoints of well-being, SOC's relationships to job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment and conscientiousness were investigated. Study 1, on 92 insurance consultants (all males, M age 39 y.), revealed significant …
The Validity of the Jenkins Activity Survey in Terms of Illness and Work
The Type A Behaviour Pattern (TABP) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), as a means of operationalizing it, are described. The JAS is a measure of the ‘pressured drive’ component of the TABP and is related only poorly to the Structured Interview, which is usually considered as the standard méasure of the TABP. Literature on the JAS and coronary heart disease (CHD) is reviewed first. Cross-sectional studies provided favourable validation but not…
Do White South African Managers Suffer from Exceptional Levels of Job Stress
A sample of 163 white, male, English-speaking managers from a diversity of disciplines, functional areas and kinds of business and industry completed self-report scales on job demands, role stressors and social support. Their scores were compared with those of comparable samples from elsewhere, mainly from the USA, for whom data were obtained from published sources. The South African mean of 48,9 hours worked per week was similar to those of comp…
A Validation of the Harris‐goodenough Test
S ummary . Scores on the Harris‐Goodenough point scales were studied in a group of seventy‐nine children (mean age 11 ·44 years). Various kinds of reliability proved to be acceptably high. Criterion measures were an individual and a group intelligence test, scholastic achievement tests, a paper‐and‐pencil dexterity test, the HSPQ, examination marks, rankings by teachers, and father's occupation. Validity coefficients ranged from low to moderate. …
What Contributes to Fortigenic Appraisal of Inordinate Demands? Everything
The construct of appraisal of inordinate demands is reviewed. A diversity of variables that contribute to fortigenic appraisal is introduced, with each described and illustrated, the purpose being to increase awareness of how all-embracing influences on appraisal are. Although this is done in a reductive and linear way, relationships between variables are emphasised. A subsidiary purpose is to highlight fortigenesis , which concerns the origins o…
Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Measure Resilience in Adults
A rationale for using a projective approach, in addition to self-reports, is presented. A resilience exercise is described, consisting of 6 sentences describing adverse situations, in response to which participants write projective stories. A scoring scheme for such stories is introduced. 152 adults ( M age = 34.28, SD = 9.15; M educ = 14.55, SD = 2.31) working in organizations, completed the exercise and self-report scales. On the basis of initi…
A Validation of the Harris‐goodenough Test
S ummary . Scores on the Harris‐Goodenough point scales were studied in a group of seventy‐nine children (mean age 11 ·44 years). Various kinds of reliability proved to be acceptably high. Criterion measures were an individual and a group intelligence test, scholastic achievement tests, a paper‐and‐pencil dexterity test, the HSPQ, examination marks, rankings by teachers, and father's occupation. Validity coefficients ranged from low to moderate. …
Scales to Measure Autonomous and Social Achievement Values
Inventory scales were constructed through factor analysis of Bendig's (1964) and Costello's (1967) items and then lengthened through item-analyses on additional items. Split-half and test-retest reliabilities were acceptable. The autonomous value scale correlated with university examination performance, differentiated between part-time and full-time students, was related to attitudes changed by an achievement motivation course for high school und…
Relationship between Attitudes toward One's Names and Self-Esteem
First, middle, and last names were rated on 5-point scales. Self-esteem was measured on the Ziller Social Self-esteem, the Bills Index of Adjustment and Values, and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Subjects were 93 male and 73 female students in first- and second-year psychology. Subjects generally liked their names, with middle names disliked most often. Males liked their last names significantly more than their middle names, while females…
Towards a More Socially Responsive Psychology
The South African situation provides exceptional opportunities for socially relevant activities by psychologists. Research strategies that seem likely to advance psychology faster and more validly, are: better use of inductive inference, more short-run empiricism, greater use of qualitative methods, greater use of combined quantitative and qualitative methods, and approaching subjects as co-inquiring participants. The question is discussed whethe…
Do White South African Managers Suffer from Exceptional Levels of Job Stress
A sample of 163 white, male, English-speaking managers from a diversity of disciplines, functional areas and kinds of business and industry completed self-report scales on job demands, role stressors and social support. Their scores were compared with those of comparable samples from elsewhere, mainly from the USA, for whom data were obtained from published sources. The South African mean of 48,9 hours worked per week was similar to those of comp…
Salutogenesis
In contrast to the traditional pathogenic paradigm, a paradigm of salutogenesis (tracing the origins of health) is suggested on the basis of Antonovsky's writings. Examples are presented to support the view that stressors are omnipresent, rather than the exception; however, it is also argued that people are nevertheless surviving and are remaining healthy. Five examples of salutogenic constructs which help explain such a concurrence are reviewed,…
An Overview of Jenkins Activity Survey Data in South Africa
Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) data on samples of executives are reviewed first, followed by data on non-executive samples. A strong possibility exists of an unusually high incidence of the Type A behaviour pattern, as measured by the JAS Type A scale, among white managers in business and industries characterized by a strong marketing orientation and in occupations characterized by fast, personalized feedback on performance. Afrikaans speakers ten…
The Validity of the Jenkins Activity Survey in Terms of Illness and Work
The Type A Behaviour Pattern (TABP) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), as a means of operationalizing it, are described. The JAS is a measure of the ‘pressured drive’ component of the TABP and is related only poorly to the Structured Interview, which is usually considered as the standard méasure of the TABP. Literature on the JAS and coronary heart disease (CHD) is reviewed first. Cross-sectional studies provided favourable validation but not…
The Origins of Health and Strength
It is argued that Antonovsky's concept of ‘salutogenesis’, referring to the origins of health, should be broadened to ‘fortigenesis’, which refers to the origins of psychological strength in general. The argument is based on his own writings. A number of related constructs are referred to in which the metaphor of strength is also inherent. Research on the development of psychological strength through appropriate work experiences, through military…
Stress among Clergy
In a pilot study 10 male Anglican priests were interviewed individually about their roles, experiences of stress, impact of their work on family life, and problems of working for the church. Items for a questionnaire were formulated on the basis of this information. One hundred and ten usable sets of data (44% return rate) were factor analysed, resulting in three stressor scales: Person-role Conflict, Quantitative Workload and Role Insufficiency.…
Sense of Coherence, Negative Affectivity, and General Health in Farm Supervisors
Interview schedules were administered, 9 mo. apart, to 79 male first-line supervisors. The first included the 13-item Sense of Coherence scale (Antonovsky) and the PANAS, from which the Negative Affectivity scale was used; the second included two graphic rating scales for general health. Scores on Sense of Coherence and Negative Affectivity correlated -.30, indicating that the relationship is not always strong enough to assume that the former sca…
The Relation between Religious Motivation and Work-Related Variables Amongst Agricultural Workers
Allport's (1966) constructs of intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness formed the basis of the study. A questionnaire containing scales to measure intrinsic religious motivation (IRM; abbreviated from Hoge, 1972), extrinsic religious orientation (ERO; Feagin, 1967), qualitative workload, powerlessness, role ambiguity, participation in decision-making, job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and …
Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale and 16pf Second-Order Factors
The SOC scale (A. Antonovsky, 1987) purports to measure a disposition which engenders and enhances health but some empirical findings suggest that it is seriously contaminated with negative affectivity. In a criterion validation on 100 undergraduates at a predominantly Black university, SOC was correlated with S.E. Krug and E.F. Johns' (1986) 16PF second-order factor scores, as a broad spectrum of personality variables. The SOC-Anxiety correlatio…
Personality Dispositions and Job Satisfaction
Interactional explanations of job satisfaction are generally accepted, but the relative weight attached to dispositional and situational aspects is a matter of debate. Relationships of two negative affectivity, two positive affectivity, and one bipolar affective measure, as well as a sense of coherence scale, to intrinsic, extrinsic, total and global job satisfaction were investigated. Three samples of, respectively, 118 student nurses, 88 profes…
Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Measure Resilience in Adults
A rationale for using a projective approach, in addition to self-reports, is presented. A resilience exercise is described, consisting of 6 sentences describing adverse situations, in response to which participants write projective stories. A scoring scheme for such stories is introduced. 152 adults ( M age = 34.28, SD = 9.15; M educ = 14.55, SD = 2.31) working in organizations, completed the exercise and self-report scales. On the basis of initi…
Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale and Job Attitudes
Sense of coherence (SOC; Antonovsky, 1987) is a key concept in a theoretical model of salutogenesis and fortigenesis, which attempts to explain the origins of psychological strength. Since working provides important endpoints of well-being, SOC's relationships to job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment and conscientiousness were investigated. Study 1, on 92 insurance consultants (all males, M age 39 y.), revealed significant …
Resilience and Burnout
The central argument in this article is that there are psychological variables, subsumed here under the generic heading of resilience, that advance fortigenesis and thus create tendencies contrary to those that produce burnout, or favourable to its antipode of engagement. In a literature review, five theoretical variables are presented: engagement, meaningfulness, subjective well-being, positive emotions, and proactive coping, as well as five som…
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants
Psychofortology is an alternative designation for positive psychology, and fortology (Latin fortis = strong) an antonym for pathology. The strengths paradigm has ancient origins. In this article brief reviews are presented of contributions made during the first eight decades of the twentieth century by mainly psychologists and psychiatrists. Among the most outstanding were James, Jung, Allport, Murray, Rogers, Frankl, Maslow, Csikszentmihalyi and…
Positive Emotions, Positive Emotionality and Their Contribution to Fortigenic Living
The term fortology refers to the origins of strength, and is used as an alternative to positive psychology. The purpose of the review is to highlight extant knowledge and the research potential of the field. In the first section of the review, positive emotions are considered as lived experiences, and their significance explained with reference to Fredrickson's Broaden-and-Build Theory. Both short-duration and longer-term effects of positive emot…
The Strengths Perspective
What Contributes to Fortigenic Appraisal of Inordinate Demands? Everything
The construct of appraisal of inordinate demands is reviewed. A diversity of variables that contribute to fortigenic appraisal is introduced, with each described and illustrated, the purpose being to increase awareness of how all-embracing influences on appraisal are. Although this is done in a reductive and linear way, relationships between variables are emphasised. A subsidiary purpose is to highlight fortigenesis , which concerns the origins o…
Psychology (21 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Clinical Psychology (9 works) · Personality (9 works) · Health, psychology, and well-being (8 works) · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being (8 works) · Resilience and Mental Health (6 works) · Scale (ratio) (6 works) · Big Five personality traits (5 works) · Developmental psychology (5 works)