Linda A Camras
Biographic Data
| ID | 5758190 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Linda A Camras |
| GIVEN NAMES | Linda A |
| FAMILY NAME | Camras |
| SIGNATURE | CAMRAS L A |
| AFFILIATIONS | DePaul University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 90 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
The effect of academic performance, individualistic and collectivistic orientation on Chinese youth’s adjustment
High family SES and youth adjustment
Progress in understanding the emergence of human emotion
In the past several decades, research on emotional development has flourished. Scientists have made progress in understanding infants', children's, and adults' abilities to recognize, communicate, and regulate their emotions. However, many questions remain unanswered or only partly answered. We are poised to move from descriptions of aspects of emotional functioning to conceptualizing and studying the developmental mechanisms that underlie those …
Infant differential behavioral responding to discrete emotions
Emotional communication regulates the behaviors of social partners. Research on individuals' responding to others' emotions typically compares responses to a single negative emotion compared with responses to a neutral or positive emotion. Furthermore, coding of such responses routinely measure surface level features of the behavior (e.g., approach vs. avoidance) rather than its underlying function (e.g., the goal of the approach or avoidant beha…
Children’s prototypic facial expressions during emotion-eliciting conversations with their mothers
Despite theoretical claims that emotions are primarily communicated through prototypic facial expressions, empirical evidence is surprisingly scarce. This study aimed to (a) test whether children produced more components of a prototypic emotional facial expression during situations judged or self-reported to involve the corresponding emotion than situations involving other emotions (termed "intersituational specificity"), (b) test whether childre…
Interpretations of Parenting by Mainland Chinese and U.S. American Children
SYNOPSISObjective. This study examined whether mainland Chinese and U.S. American children’s interpretations of their parents’ coercive authority assertion and critical comparison and shaming moderate relations between their reports of parenting and adjustment. Design. Middle-school children from mainland China (n = 217) and the United States (n = 207) rated their parents on coercive authority assertion and critical comparison and shaming, indica…
Adult age differences in the interpretation of surprised facial expressions
Research on adult age differences in the interpretation of facial expressions has yet to examine evaluations of surprised faces, which signal that an unexpected and ambiguous event has occurred in the expresser's environment. The present study examined whether older and younger adults differed in their interpretations of the affective valence of surprised faces. Specifically, we examined older and younger participants' evaluations of happy, angry…
Pre-menarche Pubertal Development Following Unique Form of Immigration
Do Chinese and American Children's Interpretations of Parenting Moderate Links between Perceived Parenting and Child Adjustment
SYNOPSIS Objective. The researchers in this study investigated whether Chinese and American children's interpretations of parents' coercive authority assertion moderate relations between their self-reported parenting and adjustment. Associations between child adjustment and parents' shaming and critically comparing children to their peers were also investigated. Design. Sixth-, seventh- and eighth-graders (M ages = 11.73, 12.74, and 13.78 years, …
Family stress, parenting styles, and behavioral adjustment in preschool-age adopted Chinese girls
Social skills of adopted Chinese girls at home and in school
Do Infants Show Distinct Negative Facial Expressions for Fear and Anger? Emotional Expression in 11‐Month‐Old European American, Chinese, and Japanese Infants
Do infants show distinct negative facial expressions for different negative emotions? To address this question, European American, Chinese, and Japanese 11‐month‐olds were videotaped during procedures designed to elicit mild anger or frustration and fear. Facial behavior was coded using Baby FACS, an anatomically based scoring system. Infants' nonfacial behavior differed across procedures, suggesting that the target emotions were successfully eli…
Culture, ethnicity, and children's facial expressions
This investigation extends previous research documenting differences in Chinese and European American infants' facial expressivity. Chinese girls adopted by European American families, nonadopted Mainland Chinese girls, nonadopted Chinese American girls, and nonadopted European American girls responded to emotionally evocative slides and an odor stimulus. European American girls smiled more than Mainland Chinese and Chinese American girls and sco…
Dynamical systems approaches to emotional development
On the Nature of Emotion Regulation
This paper presents a unitary approach to emotion and emotion regulation, building on the excellent points in the lead article by Cole, Martin, and Dennis (this issue), as well as the fine commentaries that follow it. It begins by stressing how, in the real world, the processes underlying emotion and emotion regulation appear to be largely one and the same, rendering the value of the distinction largely for the benefit of analysis. There is an ex…
An Event—Emotion or Event—Expression Hypothesis? A Comment on the Commentaries on Bennett, Bendersky, and Lewis (2002)
The hypothesis investigated by Bennett, Bendersky, and Lewis (2002) has 2 components. The first concerns relations between events and emotions, and the second concerns relations between emotions and facial expressions. These components should be conceptually distinguished, independently investigated, and separately evaluated
Observing emotion in infants
Observing emotion in infants
Eleven-month-old European-American, Japanese, and Chinese infants (ns = 23, 21, and 15, respectively) were videotaped during baseline and stimulus episodes of a covert toy-switch procedure. Infants looked longer at the object during the expectancy-violating event (stimulus episode) but did not produce more surprise-related facial expressions. American and Japanese infants produced more bodily stilling during stimulus than baseline, and American i…
Face Off
In the early 1960s, emotion was considered an epiphenomenon by most experimental psychologists. According to Schacter and Singer’s [1962] influential theory, affect was merely a form of cognition with no independent status as a psychological construct of any importance. By the late 1970s, however, emotion had been rehabilitated as a motivational mechanism largely through the efforts of researchers focusing on the study of facial expression. The P…
Production of emotional facial expressions in European American, Japanese, and Chinese infants
European American, Japanese, and Chinese 11-month-olds participated in emotion-inducing laboratory procedures. Facial responses were scored with BabyFACS, an anatomically based coding system. Overall, Chinese infants were less expressive than European American and Japanese infants. On measures of smiling and crying, Chinese infants scored lower than European American infants, whereas Japanese infants were similar to the European American infants …
Japanese and American infants' responses to arm restraint
Five- and 12-month-old Japanese and American infants participated in a nonpainful arm restraint procedure. Facial responses were scored with an anatomically based coding system (Baby FACS, an adaptation for infants of Ekman and Friesen's, 1978, Facial Action Coding System, or FACS). Nonfacial body activity (struggling) and negative vocalizations also were scored
Maternal facial behavior and the recognition and production of emotional expression by maltreated and nonmaltreated children
20 maltreated and 20 nonmaltreated children (ages = 3-7 years) and their mothers were observedduring a laboratory play session and 7 home observation visits. Ss facial behavior was video recordedin the lab and coded live by observers in the home. Children also participated in an emotionalexpressionrecognition task. Data analysis showed that both maltreatment status and mothers' facialbehavior were predictors of children's recognition scores. Posi…
Recognition and posing of emotional expressions by abused children and their mothers
Twenty abused and 20 nonabused pairs of children (3 to 7 years of age) and their mothers participatedin a facial expression posing task and a facial expression recognition task. The expressions producedby subjects were judged on emotion content by naive raters and were coded using Friesen and Ekman's(1984) Emotion Facial Action Coding System (EMFACS). Data analysis indicated that abusedchildren and their mothers pose less recognizable expressions…
Using the Ethological Approach
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Production of emotional facial expressions in European American, Japanese, and Chinese infants
European American, Japanese, and Chinese 11-month-olds participated in emotion-inducing laboratory procedures. Facial responses were scored with BabyFACS, an anatomically based coding system. Overall, Chinese infants were less expressive than European American and Japanese infants. On measures of smiling and crying, Chinese infants scored lower than European American infants, whereas Japanese infants were similar to the European American infants …
Japanese and American infants' responses to arm restraint
Five- and 12-month-old Japanese and American infants participated in a nonpainful arm restraint procedure. Facial responses were scored with an anatomically based coding system (Baby FACS, an adaptation for infants of Ekman and Friesen's, 1978, Facial Action Coding System, or FACS). Nonfacial body activity (struggling) and negative vocalizations also were scored
Recognition and posing of emotional expressions by abused children and their mothers
Twenty abused and 20 nonabused pairs of children (3 to 7 years of age) and their mothers participatedin a facial expression posing task and a facial expression recognition task. The expressions producedby subjects were judged on emotion content by naive raters and were coded using Friesen and Ekman's(1984) Emotion Facial Action Coding System (EMFACS). Data analysis indicated that abusedchildren and their mothers pose less recognizable expressions…
Maternal facial behavior and the recognition and production of emotional expression by maltreated and nonmaltreated children
20 maltreated and 20 nonmaltreated children (ages = 3-7 years) and their mothers were observedduring a laboratory play session and 7 home observation visits. Ss facial behavior was video recordedin the lab and coded live by observers in the home. Children also participated in an emotionalexpressionrecognition task. Data analysis showed that both maltreatment status and mothers' facialbehavior were predictors of children's recognition scores. Posi…
Family stress, parenting styles, and behavioral adjustment in preschool-age adopted Chinese girls
Interpretations of Parenting by Mainland Chinese and U.S. American Children
SYNOPSISObjective. This study examined whether mainland Chinese and U.S. American children’s interpretations of their parents’ coercive authority assertion and critical comparison and shaming moderate relations between their reports of parenting and adjustment. Design. Middle-school children from mainland China (n = 217) and the United States (n = 207) rated their parents on coercive authority assertion and critical comparison and shaming, indica…
Do Chinese and American Children's Interpretations of Parenting Moderate Links between Perceived Parenting and Child Adjustment
SYNOPSIS Objective. The researchers in this study investigated whether Chinese and American children's interpretations of parents' coercive authority assertion moderate relations between their self-reported parenting and adjustment. Associations between child adjustment and parents' shaming and critically comparing children to their peers were also investigated. Design. Sixth-, seventh- and eighth-graders (M ages = 11.73, 12.74, and 13.78 years, …
The effect of academic performance, individualistic and collectivistic orientation on Chinese youth’s adjustment
Progress in understanding the emergence of human emotion
In the past several decades, research on emotional development has flourished. Scientists have made progress in understanding infants', children's, and adults' abilities to recognize, communicate, and regulate their emotions. However, many questions remain unanswered or only partly answered. We are poised to move from descriptions of aspects of emotional functioning to conceptualizing and studying the developmental mechanisms that underlie those …
Social skills of adopted Chinese girls at home and in school
Using the Ethological Approach
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Recognition and posing of emotional expressions by abused children and their mothers
Twenty abused and 20 nonabused pairs of children (3 to 7 years of age) and their mothers participatedin a facial expression posing task and a facial expression recognition task. The expressions producedby subjects were judged on emotion content by naive raters and were coded using Friesen and Ekman's(1984) Emotion Facial Action Coding System (EMFACS). Data analysis indicated that abusedchildren and their mothers pose less recognizable expressions…
Maternal facial behavior and the recognition and production of emotional expression by maltreated and nonmaltreated children
20 maltreated and 20 nonmaltreated children (ages = 3-7 years) and their mothers were observedduring a laboratory play session and 7 home observation visits. Ss facial behavior was video recordedin the lab and coded live by observers in the home. Children also participated in an emotionalexpressionrecognition task. Data analysis showed that both maltreatment status and mothers' facialbehavior were predictors of children's recognition scores. Posi…
Japanese and American infants' responses to arm restraint
Five- and 12-month-old Japanese and American infants participated in a nonpainful arm restraint procedure. Facial responses were scored with an anatomically based coding system (Baby FACS, an adaptation for infants of Ekman and Friesen's, 1978, Facial Action Coding System, or FACS). Nonfacial body activity (struggling) and negative vocalizations also were scored
Face Off
In the early 1960s, emotion was considered an epiphenomenon by most experimental psychologists. According to Schacter and Singer’s [1962] influential theory, affect was merely a form of cognition with no independent status as a psychological construct of any importance. By the late 1970s, however, emotion had been rehabilitated as a motivational mechanism largely through the efforts of researchers focusing on the study of facial expression. The P…
Production of emotional facial expressions in European American, Japanese, and Chinese infants
European American, Japanese, and Chinese 11-month-olds participated in emotion-inducing laboratory procedures. Facial responses were scored with BabyFACS, an anatomically based coding system. Overall, Chinese infants were less expressive than European American and Japanese infants. On measures of smiling and crying, Chinese infants scored lower than European American infants, whereas Japanese infants were similar to the European American infants …
Observing emotion in infants
Observing emotion in infants
Eleven-month-old European-American, Japanese, and Chinese infants (ns = 23, 21, and 15, respectively) were videotaped during baseline and stimulus episodes of a covert toy-switch procedure. Infants looked longer at the object during the expectancy-violating event (stimulus episode) but did not produce more surprise-related facial expressions. American and Japanese infants produced more bodily stilling during stimulus than baseline, and American i…
On the Nature of Emotion Regulation
This paper presents a unitary approach to emotion and emotion regulation, building on the excellent points in the lead article by Cole, Martin, and Dennis (this issue), as well as the fine commentaries that follow it. It begins by stressing how, in the real world, the processes underlying emotion and emotion regulation appear to be largely one and the same, rendering the value of the distinction largely for the benefit of analysis. There is an ex…
An Event—Emotion or Event—Expression Hypothesis? A Comment on the Commentaries on Bennett, Bendersky, and Lewis (2002)
The hypothesis investigated by Bennett, Bendersky, and Lewis (2002) has 2 components. The first concerns relations between events and emotions, and the second concerns relations between emotions and facial expressions. These components should be conceptually distinguished, independently investigated, and separately evaluated
Dynamical systems approaches to emotional development
Culture, ethnicity, and children's facial expressions
This investigation extends previous research documenting differences in Chinese and European American infants' facial expressivity. Chinese girls adopted by European American families, nonadopted Mainland Chinese girls, nonadopted Chinese American girls, and nonadopted European American girls responded to emotionally evocative slides and an odor stimulus. European American girls smiled more than Mainland Chinese and Chinese American girls and sco…
Do Infants Show Distinct Negative Facial Expressions for Fear and Anger? Emotional Expression in 11‐Month‐Old European American, Chinese, and Japanese Infants
Do infants show distinct negative facial expressions for different negative emotions? To address this question, European American, Chinese, and Japanese 11‐month‐olds were videotaped during procedures designed to elicit mild anger or frustration and fear. Facial behavior was coded using Baby FACS, an anatomically based scoring system. Infants' nonfacial behavior differed across procedures, suggesting that the target emotions were successfully eli…
Family stress, parenting styles, and behavioral adjustment in preschool-age adopted Chinese girls
Social skills of adopted Chinese girls at home and in school
Do Chinese and American Children's Interpretations of Parenting Moderate Links between Perceived Parenting and Child Adjustment
SYNOPSIS Objective. The researchers in this study investigated whether Chinese and American children's interpretations of parents' coercive authority assertion moderate relations between their self-reported parenting and adjustment. Associations between child adjustment and parents' shaming and critically comparing children to their peers were also investigated. Design. Sixth-, seventh- and eighth-graders (M ages = 11.73, 12.74, and 13.78 years, …
Pre-menarche Pubertal Development Following Unique Form of Immigration
Adult age differences in the interpretation of surprised facial expressions
Research on adult age differences in the interpretation of facial expressions has yet to examine evaluations of surprised faces, which signal that an unexpected and ambiguous event has occurred in the expresser's environment. The present study examined whether older and younger adults differed in their interpretations of the affective valence of surprised faces. Specifically, we examined older and younger participants' evaluations of happy, angry…
Infant differential behavioral responding to discrete emotions
Emotional communication regulates the behaviors of social partners. Research on individuals' responding to others' emotions typically compares responses to a single negative emotion compared with responses to a neutral or positive emotion. Furthermore, coding of such responses routinely measure surface level features of the behavior (e.g., approach vs. avoidance) rather than its underlying function (e.g., the goal of the approach or avoidant beha…
Children’s prototypic facial expressions during emotion-eliciting conversations with their mothers
Despite theoretical claims that emotions are primarily communicated through prototypic facial expressions, empirical evidence is surprisingly scarce. This study aimed to (a) test whether children produced more components of a prototypic emotional facial expression during situations judged or self-reported to involve the corresponding emotion than situations involving other emotions (termed "intersituational specificity"), (b) test whether childre…
Interpretations of Parenting by Mainland Chinese and U.S. American Children
SYNOPSISObjective. This study examined whether mainland Chinese and U.S. American children’s interpretations of their parents’ coercive authority assertion and critical comparison and shaming moderate relations between their reports of parenting and adjustment. Design. Middle-school children from mainland China (n = 217) and the United States (n = 207) rated their parents on coercive authority assertion and critical comparison and shaming, indica…
Progress in understanding the emergence of human emotion
In the past several decades, research on emotional development has flourished. Scientists have made progress in understanding infants', children's, and adults' abilities to recognize, communicate, and regulate their emotions. However, many questions remain unanswered or only partly answered. We are poised to move from descriptions of aspects of emotional functioning to conceptualizing and studying the developmental mechanisms that underlie those …
High family SES and youth adjustment
The effect of academic performance, individualistic and collectivistic orientation on Chinese youth’s adjustment
Psychology (24 works) · Developmental psychology (19 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (9 works) · Cognitive psychology (9 works) · Communication (9 works) · Facial expression (9 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Face Recognition and Perception (6 works) · Child and Animal Learning Development (5 works)