Nicki R Crick
Biographic Data
| ID | 5758549 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Nicki R Crick |
| GIVEN NAMES | Nicki R |
| FAMILY NAME | Crick |
| SIGNATURE | CRICK N R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Minnesota |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 46 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 802 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 46 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Prospective Associations between Peer Aggression and Victimization
The present investigation examined whether heightened skin conductance reactivity ( SCLR ) to peer stress strengthened the prospective associations between physical and relational aggression and victimization, and whether associations were stronger for physical forms of aggression and victimization among boys and relational forms of aggression and victimization among girls. A total of 91 children [ M age = 10.18 years, standard deviation ( SD ) =…
Direct and interactive links between cross-ethnic friendships and peer rejection, internalizing symptoms, and academic engagement among ethnically diverse children
The present study examined direct and interactive links between friendships and social, academic, and psychological adjustment problems (i.e., peer rejection as nominated by same-ethnic and cross-ethnic peers, teacher-reported academic engagement, and teacher-reported internalizing symptoms) among school-age children in multiethnic schools (n = 509, age: 9-10). The data, which included 2 time points with a 6-month interval, were drawn from a rela…
Adaptive, maladaptive, mediational, and bidirectional processes of relational and physical aggression, relational and physical victimization, and peer liking
A three-wave longitudinal study among ethnically diverse preadolescents (N = 597 at Time 1, ages 9-11) was conducted to examine adaptive, maladaptive, mediational, and bidirectional processes of relational and physical aggression, victimization, and peer liking indexed by peer acceptance and friendships. A series of nested structural equation models tested the hypothesized links among these peer-domain factors. It was hypothesized that (1) relati…
Relational and physical aggression, peer victimization, and adjustment problems in Asian American and European American children
The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of ethnicity in the associations between forms of aggression or experiences of peer victimization and externalizing and internalizing problems. The sample consisted of 232 (146 European American and 86 Asian American) children who were in the fourth grade (ages 9–10). Asian American children were in the visible minority group based on the demographic information regarding the neighborhoods,…
Limited Nomination Reliability Using Single‐ and Multiple‐item Measures
This article examines a variety of reliability issues as related to limited nomination sociometric measures. Peer nomination data were collected from 77 sixth grade classrooms. Results showed that, although some single‐item peer nomination measures were relatively reliable, many single‐item peer nomination measures using limited nominations were quite unreliable. Overt aggression nomination items were the only set of single‐item measures where me…
A Cross‐Lagged Structural Equation Model of Relational Aggression, Physical Aggression, and Peer Status in a Chinese Culture
This short-term longitudinal study examined the associations among relational aggression, physical aggression, and peer status (i.e., acceptance, rejection, and perceived popularity) across three time points, six months apart, in a Taiwanese sample. Participants were 198 fifth grade students (94 girls and 104 boys; Mean age = 10.35 years) from Taipei, Taiwan. Study variables were assessed using peer nomination procedure. Results from the cross-la…
Popularity Contagion Among Adolescents
This study aimed to support the theory of popularity contagion, which posits that popularity spreads among friends spontaneously and regardless of behavioral changes. Peer nominations of status and behavior were collected annually between 6th and 12th grades from a total of 1062 adolescents. Longitudinal hypotheses were mostly supported using path analyses, showing (1) that individual popularity could be predicted by friends’ popularity levels ov…
The Effects of Participation Rate on the Internal Reliability of Peer Nomination Measures
Although low participation rates have historically been considered problematic in peer nomination research, some researchers have recently argued that small proportions of participants can, in fact, provide adequate sociometric data. The current study used a classical measurement perspective to investigate the internal reliability (Cronbach's α) of peer nomination measures of acceptance, popularity, friendship, prosocial behavior, and overt aggre…
Connected and Isolated Victims of Relational Aggression
Maternal and paternal parenting styles associated with relational aggression in children and adolescents
The significance of cross-racial/ethnic friendships
This short-term longitudinal study examined the associations between cross-racial/ethnic friendships and relative changes in forms of peer victimization or peer support and the roles of classroom diversity and sociometric status (i.e., social preference) in these associations. A total of 444 children (age range: 9-10 years) from racially/ethnically diverse elementary schools participated in this study. Results demonstrated that cross-racial/ethni…
Media Violence Associations with the Form and Function of Aggression among Elementary School Children
Although the association between media violence exposure (MVE) and physical aggression (PA) has been well studied, few studies have examined the link between MVE and other subtypes of aggression. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between MVE and reactive and proactive subtypes of both PA and relational aggression (RA). Six hundred and forty‐one third to fifth grade students reported on their exposure to media violence. RA and …
The role of cross-racial/ethnic friendships in social adjustment
The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and correlates of cross-racial/ethnic friendships. The sample consisted of 509 (188 African American, 135 European American, 106 Asian American, and 80 Latino) children in 4th grade from 39 classrooms in several public elementary schools. The authors hypothesized that (a) the frequency of cross-racial/ethnic friendships would be different across races/ethnicities and (b) these friendships wou…
Neuroendocrine regulation and physical and relational aggression
The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the association between circadian rhythms of cortisol and physical and relational aggression. Morning arrival, prelunch, and afternoon predeparture salivary cortisol were assessed among 418 maltreated and nonmaltreated children (52% maltreated; 49% female) attending a summer day camp. Counselors and peers rated participants' involvement in physically and relationally aggressive behaviors. Re…
The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression
From a team of leading experts comes a comprehensive, multidisciplinary examination of the most current research including the complex issue of violence and violent behavior. The handbook examines a range of theoretical, policy, and research issues and provides a comprehensive overview of aggressive and violent behavior. The breadth of coverage is impressive, ranging from research on biological factors related to violence and behavior-genetics to…
A Longitudinal Study of Relational Aggression, Physical Aggression, and Children's Social–Psychological Adjustment
Although great strides have recently been made in our understanding of relational aggression and its consequences, one significant limitation has been the lack of prospective studies. The present research addressed this issue by identifying and assessing groups of relationally aggressive, physically aggressive, relationally plus physically aggressive (co-morbid), and nonaggressive children during their third grade year in elementary school and th…
A longitudinal study of relational and physical aggression in preschool
Media Exposure, Aggression and Prosocial Behavior During Early Childhood
Preschool children (N = 78) enrolled in multi‐informant, multi‐method longitudinal study were participants in a study designed to investigate the role of media exposure (i.e., violent and educational) on concurrent and future aggressive and prosocial behavior. Specifically, the amount of media exposure and the nature of the content was used to predict concurrent and future physical, verbal and relational aggression as well as prosocial behavior f…
Children's Moral Reasoning Regarding Physical and Relational Aggression
Elementary school children's moral reasoning concerning physical and relational aggression was explored. Fourth and fifth graders rated physical aggression as more wrong and harmful than relational aggression but tended to adopt a moral orientation about both forms of aggression. Gender differences in moral judgments of aggression were observed, with girls rating physical and relational aggression as more wrong and relational aggression as more h…
Assertion strategies and aggression during early childhood
Gender-biased Perceptions of Preschoolers? Behavior
Relational and Physical Aggression, Prosocial Behavior, and Peer Relations
In this 3-year prospective study (N = 458) spanning a transition to middle school, bidirectional associations between children’s relations with schoolmates (social preference andimpact)and behaviors (physical and relational aggression, prosocial behavior) were examined using structural equation modeling. Gender moderation of all estimated paths was examined. There was no gender difference in relational aggression in Grade 3; girls were more relat…
Maladaptive Peer Relationships and the Development of Relational and Physical Aggression During Middle Childhood
This study examined the unique roles of peer rejection and affiliation with aggressive peers in the development of relational and physical aggression in a sample of 979 2nd through 4th grade children. Information about target children and their best friends’ aggression and peer rejection was gathered via peer‐nominations when the majority of children were in the 3rd grade, and again approximately one year later. Friendships were identified by hav…
An observational study of delivered and received aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment in preschool
Relationally and Physically Aggressive Children’s Intent Attributions and Feelings of Distress for Relational and Instrumental Peer Provocations
Numerous studies have demonstrated that physically aggressive children exhibit hostile attributional biases in response to instrumental peer provocations, a social information–processing pattern that has been recognized as a contributor to peer–directed aggression. The present studies (N= 127 and N= 535) were designed to extend past research by evaluating the intent attributions and feelings of emotional distress of relationally and physically ag…
Relational and overt aggression in preschool
Relational and physical forms of peer victimization in preschool
Recent studies of peer victimization have demonstrated the importance of studying relational as well as physical forms of peer maltreatment for understanding children's social-psychological adjustment problems. Studies in this area have been limited thus far by a focus on school-age children (9-12-year-olds). Given the significance of early identification of children's social difficulties for intervention and prevention efforts, this research was…
Engagement in gender normative versus nonnormative forms of aggression
Relational and Physical Aggression, Prosocial Behavior, and Peer Relations
In this 3-year prospective study (N = 458) spanning a transition to middle school, bidirectional associations between children’s relations with schoolmates (social preference andimpact)and behaviors (physical and relational aggression, prosocial behavior) were examined using structural equation modeling. Gender moderation of all estimated paths was examined. There was no gender difference in relational aggression in Grade 3; girls were more relat…
Relational Aggression and Victimization in Young Adults' Romantic Relationships
This study had three goals: (a) To investigate gender differences in relational aggression and victimization within young adults' romantic relationships, (b) to investigate associations between romantic relational aggression and victimization and perceptions of romantic relationship quality, and (c) to explore parent and peer predictors of romantic relational aggression and victimization. College students (70 females and 34 males) completed self‐…
Engagement in gender normative versus nonnormative forms of aggression
Although many important advances have been made in our understanding of childhood aggression in recent years, a significant limitation of prior studies has been the lack of attention to the possible moderating role of gender in the links between aggression and social-psychological adjustment. To address this issue, the author evaluated the adjustment status associated with engagement in gender normative versus gender nonnormative forms of aggress…
Children's perceptions of their peer experiences
In this study, 338 3rd and 5th graders completed a sociometric questionnaire and 3 instruments designed to assess their feelings of loneliness, social anxiety, social avoidance, and their attributions for social outcomes. Results showed that children's feelings and attributions varied as a function of peer status, gender, and grade. For example, compared with peers, rejected children reported higher levels of loneliness and were more likely to at…
The role of cross-racial/ethnic friendships in social adjustment
The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and correlates of cross-racial/ethnic friendships. The sample consisted of 509 (188 African American, 135 European American, 106 Asian American, and 80 Latino) children in 4th grade from 39 classrooms in several public elementary schools. The authors hypothesized that (a) the frequency of cross-racial/ethnic friendships would be different across races/ethnicities and (b) these friendships wou…
Maladaptive Peer Relationships and the Development of Relational and Physical Aggression During Middle Childhood
This study examined the unique roles of peer rejection and affiliation with aggressive peers in the development of relational and physical aggression in a sample of 979 2nd through 4th grade children. Information about target children and their best friends’ aggression and peer rejection was gathered via peer‐nominations when the majority of children were in the 3rd grade, and again approximately one year later. Friendships were identified by hav…
Rose-Colored Glasses
The social information-processing (SIP) model has generated significant knowledge concerning the social cognitions of rejected and aggressive children. However, the model rarely has been applied to the cognitions and behavior of prosocial children or adolescents. This study examined SIP patterns of prosocial young adolescents (10 through 12 years of age). Hypothetical situation instruments were used to assess the intent attributions, feelings of …
Children's perceptions of the outcomes of social strategies
Deux experiences s'interessent a la perception des consequences de strategies sociales chez des enfants americains du troisieme au cinquieme grade differant en fonction de leur statut sociometrique
The Effects of Participation Rate on the Internal Reliability of Peer Nomination Measures
Although low participation rates have historically been considered problematic in peer nomination research, some researchers have recently argued that small proportions of participants can, in fact, provide adequate sociometric data. The current study used a classical measurement perspective to investigate the internal reliability (Cronbach's α) of peer nomination measures of acceptance, popularity, friendship, prosocial behavior, and overt aggre…
Superiority’ is in the Eye of the Beholder
The significance of cross-racial/ethnic friendships
This short-term longitudinal study examined the associations between cross-racial/ethnic friendships and relative changes in forms of peer victimization or peer support and the roles of classroom diversity and sociometric status (i.e., social preference) in these associations. A total of 444 children (age range: 9-10 years) from racially/ethnically diverse elementary schools participated in this study. Results demonstrated that cross-racial/ethni…
A Cross‐Lagged Structural Equation Model of Relational Aggression, Physical Aggression, and Peer Status in a Chinese Culture
This short-term longitudinal study examined the associations among relational aggression, physical aggression, and peer status (i.e., acceptance, rejection, and perceived popularity) across three time points, six months apart, in a Taiwanese sample. Participants were 198 fifth grade students (94 girls and 104 boys; Mean age = 10.35 years) from Taipei, Taiwan. Study variables were assessed using peer nomination procedure. Results from the cross-la…
Neuroendocrine regulation and physical and relational aggression
The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the association between circadian rhythms of cortisol and physical and relational aggression. Morning arrival, prelunch, and afternoon predeparture salivary cortisol were assessed among 418 maltreated and nonmaltreated children (52% maltreated; 49% female) attending a summer day camp. Counselors and peers rated participants' involvement in physically and relationally aggressive behaviors. Re…
An observational study of delivered and received aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment in preschool
Media Exposure, Aggression and Prosocial Behavior During Early Childhood
Preschool children (N = 78) enrolled in multi‐informant, multi‐method longitudinal study were participants in a study designed to investigate the role of media exposure (i.e., violent and educational) on concurrent and future aggressive and prosocial behavior. Specifically, the amount of media exposure and the nature of the content was used to predict concurrent and future physical, verbal and relational aggression as well as prosocial behavior f…
Normative Beliefs About Prosocial Behavior in Middle Childhood
Our purpose in the present studies was to discover what types of prosocial behavior children consider to be normative and how systematically varying the gender combinations of the actor and target child impacts those beliefs. Two studies were conducted (n = 468 and = = 393 third‐through sixth‐grade children) in which participants were asked to describe normative prosocial behaviors in their peer groups. A content analysis of children's responses …
Direct and interactive links between cross-ethnic friendships and peer rejection, internalizing symptoms, and academic engagement among ethnically diverse children
The present study examined direct and interactive links between friendships and social, academic, and psychological adjustment problems (i.e., peer rejection as nominated by same-ethnic and cross-ethnic peers, teacher-reported academic engagement, and teacher-reported internalizing symptoms) among school-age children in multiethnic schools (n = 509, age: 9-10). The data, which included 2 time points with a 6-month interval, were drawn from a rela…
Gender-biased Perceptions of Preschoolers? Behavior
Children's Moral Reasoning Regarding Physical and Relational Aggression
Elementary school children's moral reasoning concerning physical and relational aggression was explored. Fourth and fifth graders rated physical aggression as more wrong and harmful than relational aggression but tended to adopt a moral orientation about both forms of aggression. Gender differences in moral judgments of aggression were observed, with girls rating physical and relational aggression as more wrong and relational aggression as more h…
Connected and Isolated Victims of Relational Aggression
Adaptive, maladaptive, mediational, and bidirectional processes of relational and physical aggression, relational and physical victimization, and peer liking
A three-wave longitudinal study among ethnically diverse preadolescents (N = 597 at Time 1, ages 9-11) was conducted to examine adaptive, maladaptive, mediational, and bidirectional processes of relational and physical aggression, victimization, and peer liking indexed by peer acceptance and friendships. A series of nested structural equation models tested the hypothesized links among these peer-domain factors. It was hypothesized that (1) relati…
Popularity Contagion Among Adolescents
This study aimed to support the theory of popularity contagion, which posits that popularity spreads among friends spontaneously and regardless of behavioral changes. Peer nominations of status and behavior were collected annually between 6th and 12th grades from a total of 1062 adolescents. Longitudinal hypotheses were mostly supported using path analyses, showing (1) that individual popularity could be predicted by friends’ popularity levels ov…
Social Information-Processing Bases of Aggressive Behavior in Children
The ways that basic theories and findings in cognitive and social psychology (including attribution, decision-making, and information-processing theories) have been applied to the study of aggressive behavior problems in children are described. Following an overview of each of these theories, a social information-processing model of children's aggressive behavior is outlined. According to this model, a child's behavioral response to a problematic…
Children's perceptions of the outcomes of social strategies
Deux experiences s'interessent a la perception des consequences de strategies sociales chez des enfants americains du troisieme au cinquieme grade differant en fonction de leur statut sociometrique
Children's perceptions of their peer experiences
In this study, 338 3rd and 5th graders completed a sociometric questionnaire and 3 instruments designed to assess their feelings of loneliness, social anxiety, social avoidance, and their attributions for social outcomes. Results showed that children's feelings and attributions varied as a function of peer status, gender, and grade. For example, compared with peers, rejected children reported higher levels of loneliness and were more likely to at…
A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment
A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment
Research on the relation between social information processing and social adjustment in childhood is reviewed and interpreted within the framework of a reformulated model of human performance and social exchange. This reformulation proves to assimilate almost all previous studies and is a useful heuristic device for organizing the field. The review suggests that overwhelming evidence supports the empirical relation between characteristic processi…
Relational Aggression, Gender, and Social-Psychological Adjustment
Social Information-Processing Mechanisms in Reactive and Proactive Aggression
Relational Aggression, Overt Aggression, and Friendship
Gender Differences in Children's Normative Beliefs about Aggression
Nicki R. Crick, Maureen A. Bigbee, Cynthia Howes, Gender Differences in Children's Normative Beliefs about Aggression: How Do I Hurt Thee? Let Me Count the Ways, Child Development, Vol. 67, No. 3 (Jun., 1996), pp. 1003-1014
The Role of Overt Aggression, Relational Aggression, and Prosocial Behavior in the Prediction of Children's Future Social Adjustment
Engagement in gender normative versus nonnormative forms of aggression
Relational and overt aggression in preschool
Engagement in gender normative versus nonnormative forms of aggression
Although many important advances have been made in our understanding of childhood aggression in recent years, a significant limitation of prior studies has been the lack of attention to the possible moderating role of gender in the links between aggression and social-psychological adjustment. To address this issue, the author evaluated the adjustment status associated with engagement in gender normative versus gender nonnormative forms of aggress…
Relational and overt forms of peer victimization
Relational aggression and social-psychological adjustment in a college sample.
Superiority’ is in the Eye of the Beholder
Normative Beliefs About Prosocial Behavior in Middle Childhood
Our purpose in the present studies was to discover what types of prosocial behavior children consider to be normative and how systematically varying the gender combinations of the actor and target child impacts those beliefs. Two studies were conducted (n = 468 and = = 393 third‐through sixth‐grade children) in which participants were asked to describe normative prosocial behaviors in their peer groups. A content analysis of children's responses …
Rose-Colored Glasses
The social information-processing (SIP) model has generated significant knowledge concerning the social cognitions of rejected and aggressive children. However, the model rarely has been applied to the cognitions and behavior of prosocial children or adolescents. This study examined SIP patterns of prosocial young adolescents (10 through 12 years of age). Hypothetical situation instruments were used to assess the intent attributions, feelings of …
Relational and physical forms of peer victimization in preschool
Recent studies of peer victimization have demonstrated the importance of studying relational as well as physical forms of peer maltreatment for understanding children's social-psychological adjustment problems. Studies in this area have been limited thus far by a focus on school-age children (9-12-year-olds). Given the significance of early identification of children's social difficulties for intervention and prevention efforts, this research was…
Relationally and Physically Aggressive Children’s Intent Attributions and Feelings of Distress for Relational and Instrumental Peer Provocations
Numerous studies have demonstrated that physically aggressive children exhibit hostile attributional biases in response to instrumental peer provocations, a social information–processing pattern that has been recognized as a contributor to peer–directed aggression. The present studies (N= 127 and N= 535) were designed to extend past research by evaluating the intent attributions and feelings of emotional distress of relationally and physically ag…
Relational and Physical Victimization Within Friendships
Relational Aggression and Victimization in Young Adults' Romantic Relationships
This study had three goals: (a) To investigate gender differences in relational aggression and victimization within young adults' romantic relationships, (b) to investigate associations between romantic relational aggression and victimization and perceptions of romantic relationship quality, and (c) to explore parent and peer predictors of romantic relational aggression and victimization. College students (70 females and 34 males) completed self‐…
Maladaptive Peer Relationships and the Development of Relational and Physical Aggression During Middle Childhood
This study examined the unique roles of peer rejection and affiliation with aggressive peers in the development of relational and physical aggression in a sample of 979 2nd through 4th grade children. Information about target children and their best friends’ aggression and peer rejection was gathered via peer‐nominations when the majority of children were in the 3rd grade, and again approximately one year later. Friendships were identified by hav…
An observational study of delivered and received aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment in preschool
Gender-biased Perceptions of Preschoolers? Behavior
Psychology (45 works) · Developmental psychology (42 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (34 works) · Social Psychology (32 works) · Aggression (30 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (25 works) · Social Psychology (21 works) · Poison control (19 works) · Human Factors and Ergonomics (14 works) · Peer group (13 works)