Richard Cross
Biographic Data
| ID | 5807939 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard Cross |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard |
| FAMILY NAME | Cross |
| SIGNATURE | CROSS R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Notre Dame |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1932-2993 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 11 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 41 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Exploring conduct difficulties amongst middle-aged children living in care
Background The present study aimed to explore the attachment and internal representations among looked after children who experience conduct difficulties (CDi). CDi were explored alongside levels of emotional symptoms (ES), as were how young people responded to stories in a narrative-based measure. Methods Children living in care at Five Rivers Child Care aged four to 11 were eligible for the study. In part one, quantitative analyses were conduct…
Participation in the Divine
The concept of participation in a transcendent domain of existence is central to the Platonic and the Judaeo-Christian traditions. It is how thinkers throughout history have justified existence itself, explaining temporal being vis-à-vis God. Yet in the wake of secularisation and the widespread phenomenon of disenchantment, this once ubiquitous and coveted notion has fallen into desuetude. The essays in this volume analyse and explore this key co…
Mysticism and scholasticism
This article offers some reflections on Christina Van Dyke's Hidden Wisdom , using the opportunity to make some suggestions as to possible lines of influence between the world of scholastic theology and that of the female medieval mystics in what Van Dyke considers their ‘annihilationist’ mode: that the goal of the spiritual life is transformation into God in some sense
The Metaphysics of Christology in the Late Middle Ages
The late middle ages was a period of great speculative innovation in Christology, within the framework of a standard Christological opinion established by the Franciscan John Duns Scotus and the Dominican Hervaeus Natalis. This book explores ways in which this standard opinion was developed in the period, along with alternative views proposed by Peter Auriol, John Wyclif, and others. The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries were pre-eminently the a…
Response to Critics
A response to Volker Leppin, Else Marie Wiberg Pedersen, Risto Saarinen, and Anna Vind in a symposium on Martin Luther's conception of communicatio idiomatum in Christology
Introducing Routine Assessment of Adverse Childhood Experiences For Looked-After Children
The present study aims to illustrate the process of developing, implementing, and clinically validating a new assessment measure, the Trauma and Adverse Life Events (TALE) screening tool, to assess Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among looked-after children. The TALE was developed by adapting existing ACEs measures to reflect the experiences of looked-after children. The TALE was completed by the local authority social worker for 218 childre…
Metaphysics of Christology in the Late Middle Ages
The Routledge Companion to Medieval Philosophy
The central methodology in western philosophy from the ancient Greeks is argumentation. Dialectical arguments are weaker than demonstrative ones, in that they lead to conclusions which are merely probable, rather than necessarily true; the weakness of the argument stems from the weakness of the premises, and not from any defect in the type of argument itself. A demonstrative argument is one which produces knowledge; they are the topic of Aristotl…
Communicatio Idiomatum
This book offers a radical reinterpretation of the sixteenth-century Christological debates between Lutheran and Reformed theologians on the ascription of divine and human predicates to the person of the incarnate Son of God (the communicatio idiomatum). It does so by close attention to the arguments deployed by the protagonists in the discussion, and to the theologians’ metaphysical and semantic assumptions, explicit and implicit. It traces the …
Scholastic Debates on Beatific Union with God
Aquinas on Physical Impairment
Medieval accounts of disability by and large (though not universally) defend what is now labeled the “religio-moral” construction of disability: seeing an individual's disability as a punishment for that individual's sin. 1 Unsurprisingly, such models are not much in favor among contemporary disability theorists for a number of reasons, among which we might include the unacceptable thought that an individual with disabilities somehow deserves tho…
Duns Scotus on Divine Immensity
In a recent article, Hud Hudson analyses divine omnipresence in terms of a spatial property, ubiquitous entension, neither reducible to nor derivative from any other divine attribute. Hudson's view is an alternative to the predominant view in recent philosophical theology, in which omnipresence is reduced to omnipotence. I show that Duns Scotus adopts a view that conforms very closely to Hudson's account, and show how he argues against the deriva…
Thomas Joseph White, The Incarnate Lord
Developing a process for assessment of the emotional and behavioural needs of “looked after” children
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the development process of building an assessment model to assess the emotional and behavioural needs of “looked after children”. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a technical paper developing and evaluating a process for comprehensively assessing children ' s needs using a combination of three existing tools. Findings – The paper identifies a model to assess “looked after” children and …
Duns Scotus’s Theory of Cognition
Richard Cross provides the first full study of Duns Scotus's theory of cognition, examining his account of the processes involved in cognition, from sensation, through intuition and abstraction, to conceptual thought. Cross places Scotus's thought clearly within the context of 13th-century study on the mind, and of his intellectual forebears.
Duns Scotus's Theory of Cognition
Richard Cross provides the first complete and detailed account of Duns Scotus's theory of cognition, tracing the processes involved in cognition from sensation, through intuition and abstraction, to conceptual thought. He provides an analysis of the ontological status of the various mental items (acts and dispositions) involved in cognition, and a new account of Scotus on nature of conceptual content. Cross goes on to offer a novel, reductionist,…
Angelic Time and Motion
Vehicle externalism and the metaphysics of the incarnation
This chapter analyses Duns Scotus's account of the various kinds of 'tying' relations required to unify the various properties exemplified by the incarnate Son, and his account of the various kinds of properties relevantly tied (universals in the case of the divine attributes, and something like tropes in the case of the human ones), explaining his reasons for needing such a complex analysis of the issue. The chapter tests his view for cogency, a…
The Spiritual Senses
Is it possible to see, hear, touch, smell and taste God? How do we understand the biblical promise that the 'pure in heart' will 'see God'? Christian thinkers as diverse as Origen of Alexandria, Bonaventure, Jonathan Edwards and Hans Urs von Balthasar have all approached these questions in distinctive ways by appealing to the concept of the 'spiritual senses'. In focusing on the Christian tradition of the 'spiritual senses', this book discusses h…
Disability, Impairment, and Some Medieval Accounts of the Incarnation
Drawing on insights from the medieval theologians Duns Scotus and Hervaeus Natalis, I argue that medieval views of the incarnation require that there is a sense in which the divine person depends on his human nature for his human personhood, and thus that the paradigmatic pattern of human personhood is in some way dependent existence. I relate this to a modern distinction between impairment and disability to show that impairment—understood as dep…
Henry of Ghent on the Reality of Non-Existing Possibles – Revisited
According to a well-known interpretation, Henry of Ghent holds that possible but non-existent essences – items merely with what Henry labels ‘ esse essentiae ’ – have some reality external to the divine mind, but short of actual existence ( esse existentiae ). I argue that this reading of Henry is mistaken. Furthermore, Henry identifies any essence, considered independently of its existence as a universal concept or as instantiated in a particula…
Recent Work on the Philosophy of Duns Scotus
This article highlights five areas of Scotus’ philosophy that have recently been the subject of scholarly discussion. (1) Metaphysics : I outline the most current accounts of Scotus on individuation (thisness or haecceity) and the common nature. (2) Modal theory : I consider recent accounts both of Scotus’ innovations in spelling out the notion of the logically (and broadly logically) possible, and of his account of the independence of modality. …
The Incarnation
Analytical Thomism
Quid tres ? On What Precisely Augustine Professes Not to Understand in De Trinitate 5 and 7
It is generally held by systematic theologians that Augustine more or less radically shifts the understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity found in his Greek sources, and that, at least in part, this shift is a consequence of his failure fully to understand these sources. His own testimony of puzzlement provides some strong prima facie evidence in favor of such readings
Continental Trade and Non-Urban Ports in Mid-Anglo-Saxon England
An area of Mid-Anglo-Saxon deposits at Sandtun in West Hythe first studied in 1947–48 by Gordon Ward was re-examined between 1993–98 during assessments made in advance of housing development and in a research excavation. The site was occupied from at least c. 700 until 850–75 with some later reuse. It lay among sand dunes formed on a sand bank near the mouth of a gradually silting inlet. A range of activities was practised by the community there,…
Recent Work on the Philosophy of Duns Scotus
This article highlights five areas of Scotus’ philosophy that have recently been the subject of scholarly discussion. (1) Metaphysics : I outline the most current accounts of Scotus on individuation (thisness or haecceity) and the common nature. (2) Modal theory : I consider recent accounts both of Scotus’ innovations in spelling out the notion of the logically (and broadly logically) possible, and of his account of the independence of modality. …
Introduction
1995;KH, 1998). Leaving aside a number of questionable assumptions underlying this approach (not least that the files can be relied on to reveal unproblematic "facts," which in turn can be pieced together to reveal the "whole" story), some of these institutional histories have tended to generate essentially mechanical and monolithic images of Communist organizations, in which endless disputes regarding the relationship of the center to the periph…
Gregory of Nyssa on Universals
Cet article explore la position philosophique de Gregoire de Nysse concernant le probleme des universaux : plutot qu'une collection d'objets individuels, Gregoire semble y voir une essence, these qui s'accorde avec ses conceptions theologiques sur la nature de Dieu
The socialist labour party and the general election of May 1997
Malcolm Lowry
Aquinas on Nature, Hypostasis, and the Metaphysics of the Incarnation
AQUINAS ON NATURE, HYPOSTASIS, AND THE METAPHYSICS OF THE INCARNATION RICHARD CROSS Oriel College, University ofOxford Oxford, England ACCORDING TO Christian orthodoxy, Jesus Christ is one person-the second person of the Trinity-who has both divine and human natures. As the Council of Chalcedon (451) puts the matter, the two natures are united in one person. The claim that the two natures are united in one person is contrasted, in the creed of th…
The socialist labour party and the general election of May 1997
Duns Scotus
The nature and content of the thought of Duns Scotus (c. 1266-1308) remains largely unknown except by the expert. This book provides an accessible account of Scotus’ theology, focusing both on what is distinctive in his thought, and on issues where his insights might prove to be of perennial value.
Kontingenz und Wissen
Atonement without satisfaction
According to Swinburne, one way of dealing with the guilt that attaches to a morally bad action is satisfaction, consisting of repentance, apology, reparation, and penance. Thus, Christ's life and death make atonement for human sin by providing a reparation which human beings would otherwise be unable to pay. I argue that the nature of God's creative activity entails that human beings can by themselves make reparation for their sins, merely by ap…
Continental Trade and Non-Urban Ports in Mid-Anglo-Saxon England
An area of Mid-Anglo-Saxon deposits at Sandtun in West Hythe first studied in 1947–48 by Gordon Ward was re-examined between 1993–98 during assessments made in advance of housing development and in a research excavation. The site was occupied from at least c. 700 until 850–75 with some later reuse. It lay among sand dunes formed on a sand bank near the mouth of a gradually silting inlet. A range of activities was practised by the community there,…
Theologie, science et censure au XIIIe siecle
Journal Article Théologie, science et censure au XIIIe siécle: Le cas de Jean Peckham, Alain Boureau Get access Richard Cross Richard Cross Oriel College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 116, Issue 466, April 2001, Pages 458–459, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/116.466.458 Published: 01 April 2001
The Metaphysics of the Incarnation
The period from Thomas Aquinas to Duns Scotus is one of the richest in the history of Christian theology. This book aims to provide a thorough examination of the doctrine in this era, making explicit its philosophical and theological foundations. Medieval theologians believed that there were good reasons for supposing that Christ's human nature was individual. In the light of this, Part 1 discusses how the various thinkers held that an individual…
The Cambridge Companion to Duns Scotus
Each volume in this series of companions to major philosophers contains specially commissioned essays by an international team of scholars, together with a substantial bibliography, and will serve as a reference work for students and non-specialists. One aim of the series is to dispel the intimidation such readers often feel when faced with the work of a difficult and challenging thinker. John Duns Scotus (1265/6–1308) was (along with Aquinas and…
Gregory of Nyssa on Universals
Cet article explore la position philosophique de Gregoire de Nysse concernant le probleme des universaux : plutot qu'une collection d'objets individuels, Gregoire semble y voir une essence, these qui s'accorde avec ses conceptions theologiques sur la nature de Dieu
Divisibility, Communicability, and Predicability in Duns Scotus’s Theories of the Common Nature
As is well-known, Duns Scotus adopts a moderately realist stance on the being of the common natures of categorial entities-substances and accidents. He believes that such natures have extramental being, such that, though real, each nature-e.g. humanity, redness, and so on-in itself lacks numerical unity. Scotus holds, too, that the divine nature is not like this: it is numerically singular, really the same in each exemplification of it. Scotus th…
Duns Scotus on Divine Substance and the Trinity
Page range: 181-201
Scotus’s Parisian Teaching on Divine Simplicity
Le colloque «Duns Scot à Paris, 1302-2002» (2-4 septembre 2002) a commémoré le sept centième anniversaire de l’arrivée, à l’Université de Paris, de Jean Duns Scot, l’une des rares dates connues dans la vie du plus grand philosophe et théologien du tournant des XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Il a permis de faire le point des dernières découvertes historiques et philologiques, et de donner un état des recherches scotistes en cours, qui ont connu un essor r…
Central Works of Philosophy
CENTRAL WORKS OF PHILOSOPHY is a multi-volume set of essays on the core texts of the western philosophical tradition. From Plato's Republic to the present day, the volumes range over 2,500 years of philosophical writing covering the best, most representative, and most influential work of some of our greatest philosophers. Each essay has been specially commissioned and provides an overview of the work and clear and authoritative exposition of its …
The eternity of the world and the distinction between creation and conservation
According to an important set of medieval arguments, it is impossible to make a distinction between creation and conservation on the assumption of a beginningless universe. The argument is that, on such an assumption, either God is never causally sufficient for the existence of the universe, or, if He is at one time causally sufficient for the existence of the universe, He is at all times causally sufficient for the universe, and occasionalism is…
Introduction
1995;KH, 1998). Leaving aside a number of questionable assumptions underlying this approach (not least that the files can be relied on to reveal unproblematic "facts," which in turn can be pieced together to reveal the "whole" story), some of these institutional histories have tended to generate essentially mechanical and monolithic images of Communist organizations, in which endless disputes regarding the relationship of the center to the periph…
Analytical Thomism
Quid tres ? On What Precisely Augustine Professes Not to Understand in De Trinitate 5 and 7
It is generally held by systematic theologians that Augustine more or less radically shifts the understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity found in his Greek sources, and that, at least in part, this shift is a consequence of his failure fully to understand these sources. His own testimony of puzzlement provides some strong prima facie evidence in favor of such readings
The Incarnation
Henry of Ghent on the Reality of Non-Existing Possibles – Revisited
According to a well-known interpretation, Henry of Ghent holds that possible but non-existent essences – items merely with what Henry labels ‘ esse essentiae ’ – have some reality external to the divine mind, but short of actual existence ( esse existentiae ). I argue that this reading of Henry is mistaken. Furthermore, Henry identifies any essence, considered independently of its existence as a universal concept or as instantiated in a particula…
Recent Work on the Philosophy of Duns Scotus
This article highlights five areas of Scotus’ philosophy that have recently been the subject of scholarly discussion. (1) Metaphysics : I outline the most current accounts of Scotus on individuation (thisness or haecceity) and the common nature. (2) Modal theory : I consider recent accounts both of Scotus’ innovations in spelling out the notion of the logically (and broadly logically) possible, and of his account of the independence of modality. …
Vehicle externalism and the metaphysics of the incarnation
This chapter analyses Duns Scotus's account of the various kinds of 'tying' relations required to unify the various properties exemplified by the incarnate Son, and his account of the various kinds of properties relevantly tied (universals in the case of the divine attributes, and something like tropes in the case of the human ones), explaining his reasons for needing such a complex analysis of the issue. The chapter tests his view for cogency, a…
The Spiritual Senses
Is it possible to see, hear, touch, smell and taste God? How do we understand the biblical promise that the 'pure in heart' will 'see God'? Christian thinkers as diverse as Origen of Alexandria, Bonaventure, Jonathan Edwards and Hans Urs von Balthasar have all approached these questions in distinctive ways by appealing to the concept of the 'spiritual senses'. In focusing on the Christian tradition of the 'spiritual senses', this book discusses h…
Disability, Impairment, and Some Medieval Accounts of the Incarnation
Drawing on insights from the medieval theologians Duns Scotus and Hervaeus Natalis, I argue that medieval views of the incarnation require that there is a sense in which the divine person depends on his human nature for his human personhood, and thus that the paradigmatic pattern of human personhood is in some way dependent existence. I relate this to a modern distinction between impairment and disability to show that impairment—understood as dep…
Philosophy (28 works) · Medieval Philosophy and Theology (22 works) · Epistemology (18 works) · Theology (14 works) · History (9 works) · Reformation and Early Modern Christianity (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Theology and Philosophy of Evil (8 works) · Historical Philosophy and Science (7 works) · Psychology (7 works)