Charlotte Penel
Biographic Data
| ID | 5843312 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Charlotte Penel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Charlotte |
| FAMILY NAME | Penel |
| SIGNATURE | PENEL C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Liverpool |
| ORCID | 0009-0006-9698-7920 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 2 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 3 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 2 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
The Commercial Military Actor Database
This article introduces the Commercial Military Actor Database (CMAD), a dataset able to support research on civil war and commercial military actors. First, the CMAD covers all civil wars from 1980 to 2016 across all of the world’s regions except Europe, which enables the investigation of long-term regional and global trends. Second, the CMAD encompasses the corporate market segment and mercenary outfits, which facilitates the analysis of how th…
Commercial Military Actors and Civilian Victimization in Africa, Middle East, Latin America, and Asia, 1980–2011
The current international normative order strongly condemns strategies of civilian victimization, and actors engaging in atrocities face material, criminal, and reputational sanctions. The growth of the market for force has raised concerns about clients outsourcing atrocities to commercial military actors (CMAs), such as private military and security companies or mercenaries, and thereby circumventing accountability under international norms. Thi…
The Commercial Military Actor Database
This article introduces the Commercial Military Actor Database (CMAD), a dataset able to support research on civil war and commercial military actors. First, the CMAD covers all civil wars from 1980 to 2016 across all of the world’s regions except Europe, which enables the investigation of long-term regional and global trends. Second, the CMAD encompasses the corporate market segment and mercenary outfits, which facilitates the analysis of how th…
Commercial Military Actors and Civilian Victimization in Africa, Middle East, Latin America, and Asia, 1980–2011
The current international normative order strongly condemns strategies of civilian victimization, and actors engaging in atrocities face material, criminal, and reputational sanctions. The growth of the market for force has raised concerns about clients outsourcing atrocities to commercial military actors (CMAs), such as private military and security companies or mercenaries, and thereby circumventing accountability under international norms. Thi…
Commercial Military Actors and Civilian Victimization in Africa, Middle East, Latin America, and Asia, 1980–2011
The current international normative order strongly condemns strategies of civilian victimization, and actors engaging in atrocities face material, criminal, and reputational sanctions. The growth of the market for force has raised concerns about clients outsourcing atrocities to commercial military actors (CMAs), such as private military and security companies or mercenaries, and thereby circumventing accountability under international norms. Thi…
The Commercial Military Actor Database
This article introduces the Commercial Military Actor Database (CMAD), a dataset able to support research on civil war and commercial military actors. First, the CMAD covers all civil wars from 1980 to 2016 across all of the world’s regions except Europe, which enables the investigation of long-term regional and global trends. Second, the CMAD encompasses the corporate market segment and mercenary outfits, which facilitates the analysis of how th…
Business (2 works) · Economics (2 works) · Law (2 works) · Political science (2 works) · Accountability (1 works) · Computer Science (1 works) · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance (1 works) · Defense, Military, and Policy Studies (1 works) · Economic Sanctions and International Relations (1 works) · Economy (1 works)