Toshiaki Tachibana
Biographic Data
| ID | 5854766 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Toshiaki Tachibana |
| GIVEN NAMES | Toshiaki |
| FAMILY NAME | Tachibana |
| SIGNATURE | TACHIBANA T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Prefectural Colony |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6293-9513 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 16 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1974 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Schemata and Attitudes Toward Persons With Intellectual Disability in Japan
Schemata and Attitudes toward Persons with Intellectual Disability in Japan
375 parents of pupils were asked to respond to 14 questions on attitudes toward persons with intellectual disability. About 30% of variance in attitude was explained by a set of variables. The effects of schemata concerning person with intellectual disability had a great effect on attitudes toward such persons. The guess of a greater contribution of heredity as the basis of intellectual disability and of fewer such persons in the future of their …
Schemata and Attitudes Toward Persons With Intellectual Disability in Japan
Effects of Scopolamine on Working Memory in Rats in a Delayed Matching-to-Position Task, Employing a Subject-Centered Procedure
The effect of scopolamine hydrobromide on a delayed matching-to-position task was examined while controlling for two confounding factors, i.e., mediating behavior and slow performance on a task. The task was given on the basis of a subject-centered method in which delay intervals are dependent on subjects' performance. The performance of individual subjects, rather than averaged group performance, was taken as the focus of the analysis. The resul…
Cases of Sprague-Dawley Rats Which Did Not Respond to an ‘Alarm Substance’ in the Forced Swimming Test
The fact found by Abel and his group that rats produce an 'alarm substance' while swimming was examined by employing a single-subject approach. Sprague-Dawley rats were tested in the forced swimming test situation in fresh water and in water soiled by another rat. In Exp. 1, Sprague-Dawley rats from Japan SLC, Inc. were used. No evidence of responding to the 'alarm substance' was found. Then, further experiments were conducted employing methods s…
Reproducibility across Experiments of Behavioral Results Obtained under Strictly Standardized Conditions: Another View of the Results of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study
The data of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study were reanalyzed. The degree of reproducibility of the treatment effect across experiments was assessed as the magnitude of fluctuation in strength of association (η 2 ) for the replication experiment. There was no evidence that fluctuation of treatment effects across experiments was greater for behavioral measures than for nonbehavioral ones, suggesting the conventional belief that low rep…
Reply to Vorhees' Comments: What is the Proper Unit of Analysis for the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study Data
Vorhees (1989) argued critically that my reanalysis of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study data was performed on the basis of improper unit of analyses. It was shown that his criticism is unwarranted. The erroneous logic underlying the collaborative study's conclusion that excellent reproducibility of data was obtained was confirmed
Significance Test in Studies of Nonrandomly Assigned Subjects: A Call for More Discussion
There is a fundamental difficulty with a significance test in studies in which subjects are nonrandomly assigned, e.g., differences in strain, sex, age groups, and species, etc. The implausibility of the assumption of random sampling and the use of the significance test in such studies is pointed out. Inference without reliance on the significance test is needed not only in studies of subjects nonrandomly assigned but also in those in which assig…
Methodological problem of selection of the unit of analysis for the studying prenatal X-irradiation effects on open-field behavior in rats
Sprague-Dawley rats were given X-irradiation (150 R) on Day of gestation. Male offspring were administered an open-field test at about seven weeks of age. Magnitude of dependence among scores of littermates was estimated in terms of correlation coefficient, using data from the openfield test and brain weight. The rs in ambulation, rearing and penetration into the inner square (PIS) were somewhat large in the X-irradiated group. The rs for brain w…
Two Types of Strain Differences in Open-Field Behavior in Rats and their Mapping
Open-field behavior of three treatments for three strains of rats (SD, Long-Evans, Fischer-344) was plotted on a map by component scores that were derived from principal component analysis. The treatments consisted of electric shock, extensive stroking, or testing after habituation to the field. Five measures were used: ambulation, penetration into the inner square, rearing, defecation, and urination. There was a clear strain difference on the ba…
Effects of Prenatal X-irradiation on Open-Field Behavior in Rats: Application of Randomized Fostering Technique and Mapping Results
Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given X-irradiation (150 R) on Day 17 of gestation. After birth, all male pups were pooled once and then assigned randomly to irradiated mothers and control mothers. Offspring were administered an open-field test at about 7 weeks of age. The analysis was performed on the basis of two approaches: In the per subject approach, individual subject data (aggregation across Day 2 through Day 4) were treated as the basic uni…
Litter Effects in Open-Field Behavior and Distortion of Type I Error Rate with Individual Animals as the Unit of Statistical Analysis
Using open-field test data of male rats, a correlation provided an estimate of the magnitude of dependency among litter mates. A simulation experiment was performed to estimate the magnitudes of Type I error rate distortions when individual scores instead of litter mean scores were employed as the unit of statistical analysis. The results showed a rather large correlation among litter mates in defecation, latency of defecation, and latency of uri…
Open-Field Test for Rats: Correlational Analysis
96 male rats were tested in open field in dim-light condition or bright-light condition for 3 min. per day for 5 days. The validity of 7 open-field test measures was assessed on the basis of the concept which was defined operationally using the test situation as the external criterion. Ambulation in the first 1 min. and rearing showed not only validity but also some generality. An interactive measure (ambulation in the first 1 min. and defecation…
Effects of Early Nutritional and Environmental Conditions on Later Runway Test Behavior in Rats
The effects of low-protein diet and environmental enrichment in early age were examined at maturity. New-born rats were nursed by mothers in either normal or low-protein dietary condition. After weaning, they were reared for four weeks in one of three environmental conditions; standard, enriched, and isolated. After additional four weeks of standard rearing, they were tested in a runway. There was an interaction between the nutritional and enviro…
Social Facilitation of Eating Behavior in a Novel Situation by Albino Rats: Effects of Behavior and Presence of Another Rat
A social facilitation test for eating behavior was run under 4 conditions for 3 min in an unfamiliar test box. The Ss were 36 female albino rats, and were placed alone or paired with an anesthetized companion, a water-drinking companion, or a rice-eating companion. The results indicated that the facilitated consumption of rice grains was induced not only by the eating behavior, but also to a similar extent by the drinking behavior of the companio…
Social Facilitation of Eating Behavior in a Novel Situation by Albino Rats
The Ss were 30 female albino rats. After the test of eating in their home cages (home cage test), the first test was run under 2 conditions for 3 min in an unfamiliar test box: Ss were placed alone or placed with a demonstrator which ate rice grains successively. After this test, they were adapted to the test box, and were tested again (re-test). The results indicated that in the first test, the number of rice grains consumed by the paired group …
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Social Facilitation of Eating Behavior in a Novel Situation by Albino Rats
The Ss were 30 female albino rats. After the test of eating in their home cages (home cage test), the first test was run under 2 conditions for 3 min in an unfamiliar test box: Ss were placed alone or placed with a demonstrator which ate rice grains successively. After this test, they were adapted to the test box, and were tested again (re-test). The results indicated that in the first test, the number of rice grains consumed by the paired group …
Social Facilitation of Eating Behavior in a Novel Situation by Albino Rats: Effects of Behavior and Presence of Another Rat
A social facilitation test for eating behavior was run under 4 conditions for 3 min in an unfamiliar test box. The Ss were 36 female albino rats, and were placed alone or paired with an anesthetized companion, a water-drinking companion, or a rice-eating companion. The results indicated that the facilitated consumption of rice grains was induced not only by the eating behavior, but also to a similar extent by the drinking behavior of the companio…
Effects of Early Nutritional and Environmental Conditions on Later Runway Test Behavior in Rats
The effects of low-protein diet and environmental enrichment in early age were examined at maturity. New-born rats were nursed by mothers in either normal or low-protein dietary condition. After weaning, they were reared for four weeks in one of three environmental conditions; standard, enriched, and isolated. After additional four weeks of standard rearing, they were tested in a runway. There was an interaction between the nutritional and enviro…
Open-Field Test for Rats: Correlational Analysis
96 male rats were tested in open field in dim-light condition or bright-light condition for 3 min. per day for 5 days. The validity of 7 open-field test measures was assessed on the basis of the concept which was defined operationally using the test situation as the external criterion. Ambulation in the first 1 min. and rearing showed not only validity but also some generality. An interactive measure (ambulation in the first 1 min. and defecation…
Litter Effects in Open-Field Behavior and Distortion of Type I Error Rate with Individual Animals as the Unit of Statistical Analysis
Using open-field test data of male rats, a correlation provided an estimate of the magnitude of dependency among litter mates. A simulation experiment was performed to estimate the magnitudes of Type I error rate distortions when individual scores instead of litter mean scores were employed as the unit of statistical analysis. The results showed a rather large correlation among litter mates in defecation, latency of defecation, and latency of uri…
Two Types of Strain Differences in Open-Field Behavior in Rats and their Mapping
Open-field behavior of three treatments for three strains of rats (SD, Long-Evans, Fischer-344) was plotted on a map by component scores that were derived from principal component analysis. The treatments consisted of electric shock, extensive stroking, or testing after habituation to the field. Five measures were used: ambulation, penetration into the inner square, rearing, defecation, and urination. There was a clear strain difference on the ba…
Effects of Prenatal X-irradiation on Open-Field Behavior in Rats: Application of Randomized Fostering Technique and Mapping Results
Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given X-irradiation (150 R) on Day 17 of gestation. After birth, all male pups were pooled once and then assigned randomly to irradiated mothers and control mothers. Offspring were administered an open-field test at about 7 weeks of age. The analysis was performed on the basis of two approaches: In the per subject approach, individual subject data (aggregation across Day 2 through Day 4) were treated as the basic uni…
Methodological problem of selection of the unit of analysis for the studying prenatal X-irradiation effects on open-field behavior in rats
Sprague-Dawley rats were given X-irradiation (150 R) on Day of gestation. Male offspring were administered an open-field test at about seven weeks of age. Magnitude of dependence among scores of littermates was estimated in terms of correlation coefficient, using data from the openfield test and brain weight. The rs in ambulation, rearing and penetration into the inner square (PIS) were somewhat large in the X-irradiated group. The rs for brain w…
Significance Test in Studies of Nonrandomly Assigned Subjects: A Call for More Discussion
There is a fundamental difficulty with a significance test in studies in which subjects are nonrandomly assigned, e.g., differences in strain, sex, age groups, and species, etc. The implausibility of the assumption of random sampling and the use of the significance test in such studies is pointed out. Inference without reliance on the significance test is needed not only in studies of subjects nonrandomly assigned but also in those in which assig…
Reproducibility across Experiments of Behavioral Results Obtained under Strictly Standardized Conditions: Another View of the Results of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study
The data of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study were reanalyzed. The degree of reproducibility of the treatment effect across experiments was assessed as the magnitude of fluctuation in strength of association (η 2 ) for the replication experiment. There was no evidence that fluctuation of treatment effects across experiments was greater for behavioral measures than for nonbehavioral ones, suggesting the conventional belief that low rep…
Reply to Vorhees' Comments: What is the Proper Unit of Analysis for the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study Data
Vorhees (1989) argued critically that my reanalysis of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study data was performed on the basis of improper unit of analyses. It was shown that his criticism is unwarranted. The erroneous logic underlying the collaborative study's conclusion that excellent reproducibility of data was obtained was confirmed
Cases of Sprague-Dawley Rats Which Did Not Respond to an ‘Alarm Substance’ in the Forced Swimming Test
The fact found by Abel and his group that rats produce an 'alarm substance' while swimming was examined by employing a single-subject approach. Sprague-Dawley rats were tested in the forced swimming test situation in fresh water and in water soiled by another rat. In Exp. 1, Sprague-Dawley rats from Japan SLC, Inc. were used. No evidence of responding to the 'alarm substance' was found. Then, further experiments were conducted employing methods s…
Effects of Scopolamine on Working Memory in Rats in a Delayed Matching-to-Position Task, Employing a Subject-Centered Procedure
The effect of scopolamine hydrobromide on a delayed matching-to-position task was examined while controlling for two confounding factors, i.e., mediating behavior and slow performance on a task. The task was given on the basis of a subject-centered method in which delay intervals are dependent on subjects' performance. The performance of individual subjects, rather than averaged group performance, was taken as the focus of the analysis. The resul…
Schemata and Attitudes Toward Persons With Intellectual Disability in Japan
Schemata and Attitudes toward Persons with Intellectual Disability in Japan
375 parents of pupils were asked to respond to 14 questions on attitudes toward persons with intellectual disability. About 30% of variance in attitude was explained by a set of variables. The effects of schemata concerning person with intellectual disability had a great effect on attitudes toward such persons. The guess of a greater contribution of heredity as the basis of intellectual disability and of fewer such persons in the future of their …
Schemata and Attitudes Toward Persons With Intellectual Disability in Japan
Psychology (15 works) · Mathematics (9 works) · Medicine (9 works) · Developmental psychology (8 works) · Statistics (7 works) · Audiology (6 works) · Biology (6 works) · Internal Medicine (6 works) · Internal Medicine (6 works) · Animal science (5 works)