Nicholas F Skinner
Biographic Data
| ID | 5856101 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Nicholas F Skinner |
| GIVEN NAMES | Nicholas F |
| FAMILY NAME | Skinner |
| SIGNATURE | SKINNER N F |
| AFFILIATIONS | The King's College |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 27 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Personality Implications of Adaption-Innovation
There is a substantial phenotypic similarity between (a) the cancer-prone personality and the adaptor, and (b) the coronary heart disease-prone individual and the innovator. We investigated the potential relationship between cognitive style and the occurrence of these diseases. A total of 75 undergraduate students completed the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI; Kirton, 1976), a measure of cognitive style, and the Health Personality Test …
Personality implications of adaption-innovation
According to Kirton's (2003) theory of cognitive style, adaptors thrive on structure and prefer to use well-established procedures or rules to solve problems, whereas innovators eschew structure and prefer to solve problems in novel ways. In a sample of 168 undergraduate university students, support was found for the hypothesis that adaptors would be primarily firstborn children. This result is explained in terms of (a) the preference of first-ti…
Personality implications of adaption-innovation
The present study provides support for the hypothesis that similarities and differences in cognitive style could mediate the success of a marital relationship. Forty-five married couples, whose scores on the Marital Views Survey indicated they were satisfied in their marriage, independently completed the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI; Kirton, 1976) to determine their cognitive style (adaptor or innovator). Both members of 45 divorced …
Self-Awareness and Cognitive Style
Adaption-innovation is a construct of preferred problem-solving style; adaptors work best within clear guidelines and prefer to “do things better”, whereas innovators bridle at structure and prefer to “do things differently”. Adaption-innovation bears considerable putative similarity to self-monitoring and self-consciousness. In this study the relationships among these constructs were explored using the responses of 55 undergraduate students (48 …
Behavioral Implications of Adaption-Innovation
Adaptors prefer to solve problems by applying clearly articulated rules or procedures within familiar paradigms, whereas innovators prefer to avoid structure and think“outside the box”(Kirton, 1976). In the present study using the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (Kirton, 1991), adaptors scored significantly higher than innovators in a multiple-choice examination, reflecting the“fit”between the adaptors'cognitive style and the nature of the p…
National Personality Characteristics
National Personality Characteristics
On the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory 1,106 Canadians scored as more adaptive than American and British standardization samples. Means for Canadian females and males were congruent with those in national samples from six other countries
Birth Order Effects in Dominance
Contrary to Sulloway's 1996 assertion that firstborns should score higher than laterborns on measures of dominance, the dominance scores for 76 firstborn undergraduate students (50 women, 26 men) did not differ significantly from the scores of 75 laterborn students (48 women, 27 men) on the 16PF dimension of Dominance vs Submissiveness (Factor E). Further research into possible differences in performance strategies between laterborns and firstbor…
Hypochondria in Women as a Function of Birth Order
The hypothesis that firstborn women would score higher than later-born women on a measure of hypochondria was supported. This result is explained in terms of parental treatment, specifically, the modeling of greater concern about the health of their girls by inexperienced parents
Failure to Support a Test for Penis Envy
Johnson (1966) reported that significantly more women than men did not comply with the request to return their special machine-scoring pencils after completing a final examination in introductory psychology. In the present replication, Johnson's conclusion that keeping the pencils may be manifestation of penis envy was not supported
Behavioral Implications of Adaption-Innovation
The heuristic similarity between innovativeness and uniqueness motivation was investigated. Fifty-eight male and 107 female first-year undergraduates completed the Need for Uniqueness Scale (NUS; Snyder and Fromkin, 1980) and Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI; Kirton, 1976). As predicted, Innovators obtained significantly higher scores on uniqueness motivation than did Adaptors ( p < .001), and Need for Uniqueness correlated substantially…
Behavioral Implications of Adaption Innovation
Three studies investigated the relationship between effective management and the positions of male and female managers on Kirton's cognitive style dimension of adaption (doing things better) vs. innovation (doing things differently). Both sexes equated innovation with effective male management and adaption with effective female management. The role in management style of characteristic sex-specific differences in adaption-innovation is discussed
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
Previous studies have not demonstrated the hypothesized link between machiavellianism (interpersonally manipulative behavior) and psychopathy. In this research, Nigh Machs obtained significantly higher Psychopathy scores than Low Machs, and Mach V totals for Primary Psychopaths were significantly greater than those of Secondary Psychopaths. Both experiments suggest a relationship between Machiavellianism and primary psychopathy
National Personality Characteristics
On Eysenck's Personality Inventory 441 Canadians scored more extraverted than 347 British and 1003 American subjects as well as higher on Neuroticism. Women were emotionally more labile
Unusual Given Names and University Grades
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between Machiavellianism and a preference for business occupations. The present study tested the hypothesis that this Machiavellian-business connection is mediated by other personality characteristics. Support was obtained for predictions that, compared to Non-Business High Machs, Business High Machs would (i) differ little on Neuroticism (low) or Psychoticism (high), but (ii) score significantly …
Neuroticism, Extraversion and Sex Differences in Short and Long Sleepers
Compared to 27 long sleepers, 28 short sleepers (particularly females) scored significantly lower on Neuroticism and higher on Extraversion. These data support earlier findings and argue against more recent suggestions that high levels of anxiety are characteristic of individuals who sleep less than 6 hr. daily
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
The few studies which have tested Christie's (1970) contention that “there should be little or no relationship between Machiavellian orientations and measures of psychopathology” (p.42) have been characterized by contradictory findings and procedural flaws. In the present investigation, High Machs and Non-Machs (as determined by the Mach V) did not differ significantly in their scores on Neuroticism and Psychoticism (Eysenck Personality Inventory…
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
The study demonstrated that the non-Machiavellian layman, given a detailed description of the high Mach, can consistently produce a valid representation of highly manipulative interpersonal behavior under instructions to respond to the Mach V “as a Machiavellian would”. Simulation is thus shown to be a viable alternative to the median-split and extensive-testing methods for obtaining subjects for investigations of Machiavellianism, for reasons of…
Learning as a Function of Personality Characteristics
The results of learning studies are often unclear because the effects of subjects' personality characteristics on performance are ignored. In the present research, serial list acquisition was predicted by four of Cattell's temperament factors: Premsia (tender-mindedness), Protension (suspiciousness), High Ergic Tension (tenseness), and General Intelligence. These variables accounted for one-third of the variance in serial learning which would oth…
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a relationship between Machiavellianism and achievement motivation. In the present research, a significant positive correlation was found between the Mach V and Achievement Motivation Inventory scores of senior undergraduate Business students; among individuals with non-business occupational preferences no association existed between the two variables. The equivocal results of earlier investigations are…
Comment On Pandey's 'Factor Analytic Study of Attitudes Toward Death Among College Students'1
Pandey's diconfirmation of the hypothesis that attitudes toward death will vary according to sex and race is confounded by analytical and methodological inconsistencies.
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
Compared to control group data obtained under standard instructions, subjects asked to fake their replies to the Howarth Personality Questionnaire in the way they felt a Machiavellian ( i.e. , socially manipulative) individual would honestly respond scored significantly higher on Ascendance-Dominance, Trust vs Suspicion and Impulsiveness, and significantly lower on Superego, Inferiority and Cooperativeness-Considerateness. Preliminary analysis su…
Personality Characteristics of Heavy Smokers and Abstainers as a Function of Perceived Predispositions Towards Marijuana Use
Inaccurate stereotyping by non-users was explanatory of the prevailing lack of agreement concerning the personality characteristics of heavy marijuana smokers
Chunking Vs. Associative Chaining in Paired Associate Recall
Paired-associate (PA) recall was investigated under a retroactive inhibition paradigm. During original learning (OL), Ss learned PA response trigrams composed of either consonants (LLL), digits (DDD), or letter-digit combinations (LDL or DLD). Each interpolated learning (IL) response was identical to an OL response with the exception of the middle element. Although Experimental S s made significantly more complete errors (failure to recall entire…
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Note on the Role of Neuroticism and Extra Version in the “Nice Personality” Stereotype
Compared with results obtained under standard directions, instructions to fake a “nice personality” on the Eysenck Personality Inventory produced a significant decrease in Neuroticism scores and significant increases in Extraversion and Lie scores in 70 adults. Similarity was noted between Eysenck's questionnaire factors of Neuroticism and Extraversion and Howarth's commonsense personality dimensions, emotional adjustment and social ability
Effects of the Multi-Dimensional Composition of Extraversion on “Faking Bad” on the Eysenck Personality Inventory
Compared with scores obtained under standard directions, instructions to fake an “awful personality” on the Eysenck Personality Inventory produced significant increases in neuroticism and extraversion. An explanation for the unexpected increment in extraversion in terms of the multi-factor composition of the E scale is discussed
Personality Characteristics of Heavy Smokers and Abstainers as a Function of Perceived Predispositions Towards Marijuana Use
Inaccurate stereotyping by non-users was explanatory of the prevailing lack of agreement concerning the personality characteristics of heavy marijuana smokers
Chunking Vs. Associative Chaining in Paired Associate Recall
Paired-associate (PA) recall was investigated under a retroactive inhibition paradigm. During original learning (OL), Ss learned PA response trigrams composed of either consonants (LLL), digits (DDD), or letter-digit combinations (LDL or DLD). Each interpolated learning (IL) response was identical to an OL response with the exception of the middle element. Although Experimental S s made significantly more complete errors (failure to recall entire…
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
Compared to control group data obtained under standard instructions, subjects asked to fake their replies to the Howarth Personality Questionnaire in the way they felt a Machiavellian ( i.e. , socially manipulative) individual would honestly respond scored significantly higher on Ascendance-Dominance, Trust vs Suspicion and Impulsiveness, and significantly lower on Superego, Inferiority and Cooperativeness-Considerateness. Preliminary analysis su…
Comment On Pandey's 'Factor Analytic Study of Attitudes Toward Death Among College Students'1
Pandey's diconfirmation of the hypothesis that attitudes toward death will vary according to sex and race is confounded by analytical and methodological inconsistencies.
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a relationship between Machiavellianism and achievement motivation. In the present research, a significant positive correlation was found between the Mach V and Achievement Motivation Inventory scores of senior undergraduate Business students; among individuals with non-business occupational preferences no association existed between the two variables. The equivocal results of earlier investigations are…
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
The few studies which have tested Christie's (1970) contention that “there should be little or no relationship between Machiavellian orientations and measures of psychopathology” (p.42) have been characterized by contradictory findings and procedural flaws. In the present investigation, High Machs and Non-Machs (as determined by the Mach V) did not differ significantly in their scores on Neuroticism and Psychoticism (Eysenck Personality Inventory…
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
The study demonstrated that the non-Machiavellian layman, given a detailed description of the high Mach, can consistently produce a valid representation of highly manipulative interpersonal behavior under instructions to respond to the Mach V “as a Machiavellian would”. Simulation is thus shown to be a viable alternative to the median-split and extensive-testing methods for obtaining subjects for investigations of Machiavellianism, for reasons of…
Learning as a Function of Personality Characteristics
The results of learning studies are often unclear because the effects of subjects' personality characteristics on performance are ignored. In the present research, serial list acquisition was predicted by four of Cattell's temperament factors: Premsia (tender-mindedness), Protension (suspiciousness), High Ergic Tension (tenseness), and General Intelligence. These variables accounted for one-third of the variance in serial learning which would oth…
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between Machiavellianism and a preference for business occupations. The present study tested the hypothesis that this Machiavellian-business connection is mediated by other personality characteristics. Support was obtained for predictions that, compared to Non-Business High Machs, Business High Machs would (i) differ little on Neuroticism (low) or Psychoticism (high), but (ii) score significantly …
Neuroticism, Extraversion and Sex Differences in Short and Long Sleepers
Compared to 27 long sleepers, 28 short sleepers (particularly females) scored significantly lower on Neuroticism and higher on Extraversion. These data support earlier findings and argue against more recent suggestions that high levels of anxiety are characteristic of individuals who sleep less than 6 hr. daily
National Personality Characteristics
On Eysenck's Personality Inventory 441 Canadians scored more extraverted than 347 British and 1003 American subjects as well as higher on Neuroticism. Women were emotionally more labile
Unusual Given Names and University Grades
Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism
Previous studies have not demonstrated the hypothesized link between machiavellianism (interpersonally manipulative behavior) and psychopathy. In this research, Nigh Machs obtained significantly higher Psychopathy scores than Low Machs, and Mach V totals for Primary Psychopaths were significantly greater than those of Secondary Psychopaths. Both experiments suggest a relationship between Machiavellianism and primary psychopathy
Behavioral Implications of Adaption Innovation
Three studies investigated the relationship between effective management and the positions of male and female managers on Kirton's cognitive style dimension of adaption (doing things better) vs. innovation (doing things differently). Both sexes equated innovation with effective male management and adaption with effective female management. The role in management style of characteristic sex-specific differences in adaption-innovation is discussed
Behavioral Implications of Adaption-Innovation
The heuristic similarity between innovativeness and uniqueness motivation was investigated. Fifty-eight male and 107 female first-year undergraduates completed the Need for Uniqueness Scale (NUS; Snyder and Fromkin, 1980) and Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI; Kirton, 1976). As predicted, Innovators obtained significantly higher scores on uniqueness motivation than did Adaptors ( p < .001), and Need for Uniqueness correlated substantially…
Hypochondria in Women as a Function of Birth Order
The hypothesis that firstborn women would score higher than later-born women on a measure of hypochondria was supported. This result is explained in terms of parental treatment, specifically, the modeling of greater concern about the health of their girls by inexperienced parents
Failure to Support a Test for Penis Envy
Johnson (1966) reported that significantly more women than men did not comply with the request to return their special machine-scoring pencils after completing a final examination in introductory psychology. In the present replication, Johnson's conclusion that keeping the pencils may be manifestation of penis envy was not supported
Behavioral Implications of Adaption-Innovation
Adaptors prefer to solve problems by applying clearly articulated rules or procedures within familiar paradigms, whereas innovators prefer to avoid structure and think“outside the box”(Kirton, 1976). In the present study using the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (Kirton, 1991), adaptors scored significantly higher than innovators in a multiple-choice examination, reflecting the“fit”between the adaptors'cognitive style and the nature of the p…
National Personality Characteristics
National Personality Characteristics
On the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory 1,106 Canadians scored as more adaptive than American and British standardization samples. Means for Canadian females and males were congruent with those in national samples from six other countries
Birth Order Effects in Dominance
Contrary to Sulloway's 1996 assertion that firstborns should score higher than laterborns on measures of dominance, the dominance scores for 76 firstborn undergraduate students (50 women, 26 men) did not differ significantly from the scores of 75 laterborn students (48 women, 27 men) on the 16PF dimension of Dominance vs Submissiveness (Factor E). Further research into possible differences in performance strategies between laterborns and firstbor…
Self-Awareness and Cognitive Style
Adaption-innovation is a construct of preferred problem-solving style; adaptors work best within clear guidelines and prefer to “do things better”, whereas innovators bridle at structure and prefer to “do things differently”. Adaption-innovation bears considerable putative similarity to self-monitoring and self-consciousness. In this study the relationships among these constructs were explored using the responses of 55 undergraduate students (48 …
Personality implications of adaption-innovation
The present study provides support for the hypothesis that similarities and differences in cognitive style could mediate the success of a marital relationship. Forty-five married couples, whose scores on the Marital Views Survey indicated they were satisfied in their marriage, independently completed the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI; Kirton, 1976) to determine their cognitive style (adaptor or innovator). Both members of 45 divorced …
Psychology (27 works) · Social Psychology (25 works) · Social Psychology (24 works) · Personality (18 works) · Developmental psychology (15 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works) · Big Five personality traits (10 works) · Clinical Psychology (10 works) · Personality Traits and Psychology (9 works) · Cognition (6 works)