Mohammad Amin
Biographic Data
| ID | 5885553 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mohammad Amin |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mohammad |
| FAMILY NAME | Amin |
| SIGNATURE | AMIN M |
| AFFILIATIONS | World Bank |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9451-3629 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 8 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Does competition from informal firms encourage the formal firms to obtain quality certificates
What contributes to SME vs. large firm resilience to economic crisis in developing countries? A decomposition analysis based on the Covid-19 shock
How does competition from informal firms impact research and development by formal manufacturing small and medium enterprises in the developing and emerging economies
The impact of competition from informal or unregistered firms on the likelihood of research and development (R&D) activity by formal manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in 90 developing and emerging countries is estimated. A positive impact is found with a one standard deviation increase in informal competition resulting in a 3.1–3.6 percentage point increase in the probability of R&D activity. Given that only 15.7% of SMEs are enga…
The impact of ethnic fractionalisation on labor productivity: Does firm size matter
Ethnic fractionalisation has both positive and negative consequences. We contend that the positive effects of skill complementarity in the production process apply to large firms. Because small businesses rely more on public goods and have less access to institutions, the negative effects of lower quality public goods and higher transaction costs have a greater impact on them. Consistent with this viewpoint, we find that larger firm size signific…
Does better access to finance help firms deal with the Covid‐19 pandemic? Evidence from firm‐level survey data
The impact of the firm's pre‐pandemic financial condition on the likelihood of a decline in its sales due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in 35 developing and emerging countries is estimated. Results show that better access to finance reduces the likelihood of a decline in sales. Access to finance is more effective in arresting sales declines when firms fear that production cuts may lead to the loss of skilled workers and hard‐to‐replace input suppliers…
Export intensity and its effect on women's employment
Using firm‐level survey data for 29,962 manufacturing firms in 141 developing and emerging countries, the impact of exports (as a percentage of sales) on the share of female workers at the firm is estimated. The impact is positive, large, and statistically significant. For the baseline specification, moving from a firm that does not export to one that does all its sales abroad is associated with a 6.6 percentage point increase in the share of fem…
Harmony in Paradox: Unveiling Jalāl al-Dīn al-Rūmī’s Universalism and Its Impact on Contemporary Islamic Thought
The universalism of Jalāl al-Dīn al-Rūmī is widely celebrated not only by Muslims who are liberal and modern but also by followers of other belief systems even those who have a secular outlook on life and the world. Because of the appeal of this “universalism”, in relation to some contemporary views of Islam (which are not necessarily true), Rūmī is viewed as “unorthodox”, “blasphemous” and “infidel”. On the other hand, to another large fraction …
Does competition from informal firms hurt job creation by formal manufacturing SMEs in developing and emerging countries? Evidence using firm-level survey data
The gender labor productivity gap across informal firms
Labor productivity gap between women- and men-owned informal businesses in 42 cities across 14 developing countries analyzed. • Women-owned firms’ labor productivity is lower by 15.6 percent than men-owned firms in the full sample. • Mean and quantile decomposition estimate individual factors’ “endowment” and “structural” effect on the productivity gap. • Education, experience, capitalization, contracts, and security expenses contribute significa…
Why Are Firms in High-income Economies More Productive than in Middle-income Economies? Decomposing the Firm Labor Productivity Gap
The Impact of Paid Maternity Leave on Women’s Employment: Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data from Developing Countries
The relationship between paid maternity leave and the share of female workers in registered private firms is analyzed using firm-level survey data for 111 developing and emerging countries. Theoretically, the relationship can be either positive or negative. Higher maternity leave raises the cost of female workers to the employer, discouraging female employment. However, higher maternity leave encourages more females to enter the labor market, imp…
Financial constraints and the impact of corruption on employment growth
Corruption can impose a significant financial burden on firms. Such burden is magnified when firms are financially constrained. The paper applies this idea to the impact of corruption on employment growth. Using firm‐level survey data for 85 countries, we find that corruption hurts more when firms are financially constrained than when they are not. Baseline estimate suggests that a one percentage point increase in overall corruption lowers growth…
Does Corruption Hurt Employment Growth of Financially Constrained Firms More?
Payments of bribes and the expenses \n incurred on rent-seeking activities impose a significant \n financial burden on private firms, which is compounded when \n they do not have enough funds of their own or find it costly \n to borrow externally. This paper hypothesizes that financial \n constraints magnify the harmful effects of corruption. It \n applies this idea to the impact of corruption on employment \n growth among private firms. Using fi…
Does Greater Regulatory Burden Lead to More Corruption? Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data for Developing Countries
Regulation often creates opportunities for public officials to extract bribes. If this is true, deregulation offers a simple way to combat corruption. However, empirical evidence on the corruption and regulation nexus is limited. Further, the corruption indices used are based on experts' opinions, which may suffer from perception bias. The present paper attempts to address these shortcomings using firm-level survey data for 131 mostly developing …
The Labor Productivity Gap between Formal Businesses Run by Women and Men
This study analyzes gender differences in labor productivity in the formal private sector, using data from 126 mostly developing economies. The results reveal a sizable unconditional gap, with labor productivity being approximately 11 percent lower among women- than men-managed firms. The analyses are based on women’s management, which is more strongly associated with labor productivity than women’s participation in ownership, which has been the …
Decomposing the Labour Productivity Gap between Migrant-Owned and Native-Owned Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Migration studies have been primarily based on the movement of individuals from developing to developed economies, with a focus on the impact of migrants on host country wages. In this study we take a different angle by exploring the labour productivity of migrant-owned firms versus native-owned firms in 20 African economies using firm-level data. We find that labour productivity is 78 per cent higher in migrant-owned firms than native-owned firm…
Unequal Laws and the Disempowerment of Women in the Labour Market: Evidence from Firm-Level Data
Institutions are defined as the set of rules that govern human interactions. When these rules are discriminatory, they may disempower segments of a population in the economic spheres of activity. In this study, we explore whether laws that discriminate against women influence their engagement in the economy. We adopt a holistic approach where we explore an overall measure of unequal laws also known as legal gender disparities and relate it to sev…
Corruption, Regulatory Burden and Firm Productivity
Using firm-level data from more than 39,000 firms in 111 economies, this paper tests the hypothesis that corruption impedes productivity more at higher levels of regulation. The analysis finds that there is a significant negative relationship between corruption and firm productivity when regulation is high and an insignificant relationship when it is low. These findings are robust to different controls and specifications
Corruption and Country Size: Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data
What sorts of conditions make some countries more prone to corruption than the others? This is an important question for understanding how corruption arises and how to combat it. The present paper attempts to answer this question by exploring the link between the size of the country and corruption. Economic theory suggests advantages and disadvantages of being a large country. Fixed costs in monitoring and punishing corrupt politicians and bureau…
Decomposing the Labour Productivity Gap between Migrant-Owned and Native-Owned Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Migration studies have been primarily based on the movement of individuals from developing to developed economies, with a focus on the impact of migrants on host country wages. In this study we take a different angle by exploring the labor productivity of migrant-owned firms versus native-owned firms in 20 African economies using firm-level data. We find that labor productivity is 78 per cent higher in migrant-owned firms than native-owned firms.…
Women Managers and The Gender-Based Gap in Access to Education: Evidence from Firm-Level Data in Developing Countries
A number of studies explore the differences in men's and women's labor market participation rates and wages. Some of these differences have been linked to gender disparities in education access and attainment. The present paper contributes to this literature by analyzing the relationship between the proclivity of a firm having a top woman manager and access to education among women relative to men in the country. The study combines the literature…
Does Mandating Nondiscrimination in Hiring Practices Influence Women's Employment? Evidence Using Firm-Level Data
This study explores the relationship between mandating a nondiscrimination clause in hiring practices along gender lines and the employment of women versus men in fifty-eight developing countries. Using data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys (2006–10 World Bank. 2006–10. “Enterprise Surveys.” www.enterprisesurveys.org. [Google Scholar]), the study finds a strong positive relationship between the nondiscrimination clause and women's relativ…
Are Large Informal Firms More Productive than the Small Informal Firms? Evidence from Firm-Level Surveys in Africa
Trade facilitation and country size
Competition and Demographics in Large Indian Cities
Recent studies suggest that consumer-household attributes may be as important in determining the level of competition in certain markets as firm characteristics and the number of firms. However, evidence on which consumer-household attributes matter for competition is limited, especially for developing countries. Focusing on India's retail sector, this article contributes to this literature by showing that the number of adult non-workers per hous…
The Labor Productivity Gap between Formal Businesses Run by Women and Men
This study analyzes gender differences in labor productivity in the formal private sector, using data from 126 mostly developing economies. The results reveal a sizable unconditional gap, with labor productivity being approximately 11 percent lower among women- than men-managed firms. The analyses are based on women’s management, which is more strongly associated with labor productivity than women’s participation in ownership, which has been the …
Are Large Informal Firms More Productive than the Small Informal Firms? Evidence from Firm-Level Surveys in Africa
The gender labor productivity gap across informal firms
Labor productivity gap between women- and men-owned informal businesses in 42 cities across 14 developing countries analyzed. • Women-owned firms’ labor productivity is lower by 15.6 percent than men-owned firms in the full sample. • Mean and quantile decomposition estimate individual factors’ “endowment” and “structural” effect on the productivity gap. • Education, experience, capitalization, contracts, and security expenses contribute significa…
Antropología política e indigenismo
AbbVie
Does Temporary Migration Have To Be Permanent
The choice between temporary and permanent migration is today central to the design of migration policies. The authors draw a distinction between the two types of migration on the basis of the associated social cost and the dynamics of learning by migrants. They find that unilateral migration policies are globally inefficient because they lead to too much permanent migration and too little temporary and overall migration. Existing international a…
Can Guest Worker Schemes Reduce Illegal Migration ?
We analyze recent efforts at international cooperation to limit illegal migration, particularly through the use of legal migration avenues like guest worker (GW) schemes. We show that while GW schemes may be desirable in themselves as an avenue of international migration, they are an inefficient instrument to induce cooperation on illegal migration. On the one hand, GW schemes suffer from a negative selection problem relative to illegal migration…
Do Institutions Matter More For Services
Recent empirical research has focused on the role of institutions in overall economic performance. This paper examines the impact of institutions on the relative performance of the service sector. Through cross-country level and growth regressions we establish the following stylized fact: countries with better institutions have relatively larger and more dynamic service sectors. We suggest that regulatory and contract enforcing institutions play …
Migration From Zambia: Ensuring Temporariness Through Cooperation
The paper analyzes migration from Zambia in order to understand how migration policy can support development in the least developed countries. Overall emigration from Zambia is not high by regional standards, but the pattern of migration is skewed toward the skilled and away from the unskilled. A development-friendly approach to migration for Zambia would strive to ensure the temporariness of both types of movement. First, industrial countries ma…
Computer Usage and Labour Regulation in India's Retail Sector
A recent survey of 1,948 retail stores in India conducted by the World Bank's Enterprise surveys shows that 19 per cent of all stores use computers. In the state of Kerala, the figure is as high as 40 per cent. Using this survey, we estimate the effect of computer usage on labour employment. Our findings show that this effect depends on the stringency of the underlying labour laws. Stricter labour laws magnify the labour displacing effect of comp…
Competition and Demographics in Large Indian Cities
Recent studies suggest that consumer-household attributes may be as important in determining the level of competition in certain markets as firm characteristics and the number of firms. However, evidence on which consumer-household attributes matter for competition is limited, especially for developing countries. Focusing on India's retail sector, this article contributes to this literature by showing that the number of adult non-workers per hous…
The cost of registering property: Does legal origin matter
Trade facilitation and country size
Women Managers and The Gender-Based Gap in Access to Education: Evidence from Firm-Level Data in Developing Countries
A number of studies explore the differences in men's and women's labor market participation rates and wages. Some of these differences have been linked to gender disparities in education access and attainment. The present paper contributes to this literature by analyzing the relationship between the proclivity of a firm having a top woman manager and access to education among women relative to men in the country. The study combines the literature…
Does Mandating Nondiscrimination in Hiring Practices Influence Women's Employment? Evidence Using Firm-Level Data
This study explores the relationship between mandating a nondiscrimination clause in hiring practices along gender lines and the employment of women versus men in fifty-eight developing countries. Using data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys (2006–10 World Bank. 2006–10. “Enterprise Surveys.” www.enterprisesurveys.org. [Google Scholar]), the study finds a strong positive relationship between the nondiscrimination clause and women's relativ…
Are Large Informal Firms More Productive than the Small Informal Firms? Evidence from Firm-Level Surveys in Africa
Decomposing the Labour Productivity Gap between Migrant-Owned and Native-Owned Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Migration studies have been primarily based on the movement of individuals from developing to developed economies, with a focus on the impact of migrants on host country wages. In this study we take a different angle by exploring the labor productivity of migrant-owned firms versus native-owned firms in 20 African economies using firm-level data. We find that labor productivity is 78 per cent higher in migrant-owned firms than native-owned firms.…
Decomposing the Labour Productivity Gap between Migrant-Owned and Native-Owned Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Migration studies have been primarily based on the movement of individuals from developing to developed economies, with a focus on the impact of migrants on host country wages. In this study we take a different angle by exploring the labour productivity of migrant-owned firms versus native-owned firms in 20 African economies using firm-level data. We find that labour productivity is 78 per cent higher in migrant-owned firms than native-owned firm…
Unequal Laws and the Disempowerment of Women in the Labour Market: Evidence from Firm-Level Data
Institutions are defined as the set of rules that govern human interactions. When these rules are discriminatory, they may disempower segments of a population in the economic spheres of activity. In this study, we explore whether laws that discriminate against women influence their engagement in the economy. We adopt a holistic approach where we explore an overall measure of unequal laws also known as legal gender disparities and relate it to sev…
Corruption, Regulatory Burden and Firm Productivity
Using firm-level data from more than 39,000 firms in 111 economies, this paper tests the hypothesis that corruption impedes productivity more at higher levels of regulation. The analysis finds that there is a significant negative relationship between corruption and firm productivity when regulation is high and an insignificant relationship when it is low. These findings are robust to different controls and specifications
Corruption and Country Size: Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data
What sorts of conditions make some countries more prone to corruption than the others? This is an important question for understanding how corruption arises and how to combat it. The present paper attempts to answer this question by exploring the link between the size of the country and corruption. Economic theory suggests advantages and disadvantages of being a large country. Fixed costs in monitoring and punishing corrupt politicians and bureau…
Does Corruption Hurt Employment Growth of Financially Constrained Firms More?
Payments of bribes and the expenses \n incurred on rent-seeking activities impose a significant \n financial burden on private firms, which is compounded when \n they do not have enough funds of their own or find it costly \n to borrow externally. This paper hypothesizes that financial \n constraints magnify the harmful effects of corruption. It \n applies this idea to the impact of corruption on employment \n growth among private firms. Using fi…
Does Greater Regulatory Burden Lead to More Corruption? Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data for Developing Countries
Regulation often creates opportunities for public officials to extract bribes. If this is true, deregulation offers a simple way to combat corruption. However, empirical evidence on the corruption and regulation nexus is limited. Further, the corruption indices used are based on experts' opinions, which may suffer from perception bias. The present paper attempts to address these shortcomings using firm-level survey data for 131 mostly developing …
The Labor Productivity Gap between Formal Businesses Run by Women and Men
This study analyzes gender differences in labor productivity in the formal private sector, using data from 126 mostly developing economies. The results reveal a sizable unconditional gap, with labor productivity being approximately 11 percent lower among women- than men-managed firms. The analyses are based on women’s management, which is more strongly associated with labor productivity than women’s participation in ownership, which has been the …
The Impact of Paid Maternity Leave on Women’s Employment: Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data from Developing Countries
The relationship between paid maternity leave and the share of female workers in registered private firms is analyzed using firm-level survey data for 111 developing and emerging countries. Theoretically, the relationship can be either positive or negative. Higher maternity leave raises the cost of female workers to the employer, discouraging female employment. However, higher maternity leave encourages more females to enter the labor market, imp…
Financial constraints and the impact of corruption on employment growth
Corruption can impose a significant financial burden on firms. Such burden is magnified when firms are financially constrained. The paper applies this idea to the impact of corruption on employment growth. Using firm‐level survey data for 85 countries, we find that corruption hurts more when firms are financially constrained than when they are not. Baseline estimate suggests that a one percentage point increase in overall corruption lowers growth…
The impact of ethnic fractionalisation on labor productivity: Does firm size matter
Ethnic fractionalisation has both positive and negative consequences. We contend that the positive effects of skill complementarity in the production process apply to large firms. Because small businesses rely more on public goods and have less access to institutions, the negative effects of lower quality public goods and higher transaction costs have a greater impact on them. Consistent with this viewpoint, we find that larger firm size signific…
Does better access to finance help firms deal with the Covid‐19 pandemic? Evidence from firm‐level survey data
The impact of the firm's pre‐pandemic financial condition on the likelihood of a decline in its sales due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in 35 developing and emerging countries is estimated. Results show that better access to finance reduces the likelihood of a decline in sales. Access to finance is more effective in arresting sales declines when firms fear that production cuts may lead to the loss of skilled workers and hard‐to‐replace input suppliers…
Export intensity and its effect on women's employment
Using firm‐level survey data for 29,962 manufacturing firms in 141 developing and emerging countries, the impact of exports (as a percentage of sales) on the share of female workers at the firm is estimated. The impact is positive, large, and statistically significant. For the baseline specification, moving from a firm that does not export to one that does all its sales abroad is associated with a 6.6 percentage point increase in the share of fem…
Business (26 works) · Economics (26 works) · Economic growth (17 works) · Labour economics (17 works) · Demographic economics (14 works) · Developing country (9 works) · Productivity (9 works) · Taxation and Compliance Studies (8 works) · Corruption and Economic Development (6 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (6 works)