Megan C Diaz
Biographic Data
| ID | 6062777 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Megan C Diaz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Megan C |
| FAMILY NAME | Diaz |
| SIGNATURE | DÍAZ M C |
| AFFILIATIONS | American Legacy Foundation |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6915-2529 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Clearly flavoured: Rising popularity of ‘clear’ flavoured e-cigarettes and what online descriptions reveal
The presence of flavour terminology in clear-flavoured e-cigarette product descriptions suggests that purportedly unflavoured products, such as clear-flavoured e-cigarettes, are marketed with language that implies flavoured characteristics. E-cigarettes classified as 'clear' flavour may bypass state and local flavour restrictions, advertising flavour experiences that appeal to youth
Where there’s smoke (less), there’s fire: Viral oral nicotine pouch content on TikTok and market growth
Following >3 years of steady market growth, a viral spike in TikTok views precedes a significant acceleration in ONP sales followed by a larger spike in views. Although further research is needed to determine whether TikTok views offer a reliable predictor of period-to-period sales, our findings suggest that spikes in specific content signalling effective penetration of youth subcultures may be indicative of acute market changes
Population coverage and comprehensiveness of flavoured tobacco sales restrictions in the USA, 2010–2023
Implementation of FTP sales restrictions rapidly increased from 2019 to 2023, with policies varying in product, flavour and retailer inclusions. During Q4 2023, over one-quarter of US residents were covered by flavour policies; however, coverage by policies in the South and by menthol cigarette policies was limited. These data may be used to longitudinally evaluate the impacts of FTP policies
Changes in E-Cigarette and Cigarette Sales in California and Neighboring States Following a Law Prohibiting Flavored Tobacco Product Sales
Objectives. To assess changes in e-cigarette and cigarette sales, overall and by flavor type, following implementation of California’s law prohibiting flavored tobacco product sales. Methods. E-cigarette and cigarette retail sales data were licensed from Circana, categorized by flavor, and summed into quarters during 2019 to 2024. We used difference-in-differences regressions with 2-way fixed effects to compare quarterly sales per capita before a…
Youth and Young Adult Blunt Use Predicts Progression to Other Nicotine Product Use in the United States
Background Little cigars or cigarillos (LCCs) are frequently modified to smoke cannabis (“blunts”) by youth and young adults. This study investigated whether young blunt users who are otherwise nicotine-naïve are more likely to initiate other tobacco products compared to never blunt users.Methods and Materials Data were from four waves of the Truth Longitudinal Cohort (TLC), a national probability-based sample of youth and young adults (aged 15-2…
Changes in price, income and e-cigarette affordability for young people in the USA from 2015 to 2021
E-cigarettes have become more affordable for young people, but less so in states with ad-valorem tax structures. Policy efforts should focus on reducing e-cigarette affordability, especially for youth, through tax-induced increases in e-cigarette prices to levels high enough to outpace income growth
Easy access: Identification verification and shipping methods used by online vape shops
Most OVSs rely on age self-certification, which underage youth can easily exploit to access these products. Findings warrant that the Food and Drug Administration, state and local policymakers explore additional actions regulating online tobacco sales to address the compliance issues our data elucidate. These include enhanced surveillance, compliance checks and stricter penalties
Tracking technology changes of e-cigarettes: Characteristics and capabilities of new smart vape devices
Bigger, stronger and cheaper: Growth in e-cigarette market driven by disposable devices with more e-liquid, higher nicotine concentration and declining prices
The current regulatory regime around e-cigarettes has resulted in disposable e-cigarette manufacturers providing consumers with bigger, cheaper disposable e-cigarettes that come in increasingly higher nicotine strengths. Tobacco policy recommendations such as restricting e-liquid capacity and minimum price laws as well as regulations on product characteristics that affect nicotine emissions and delivery such as nicotine strength, nicotine output,…
Effect of e-cigarette taxes on e-cigarette and cigarette retail prices and sales, USA, 2014–2019
Our study finds that e-cigarette taxes increase e-cigarette retail prices by approximately half of the tax. Further, e-cigarette taxes are associated with reduced sales of e-cigarettes and increased sales of cigarettes in some specifications. Our estimates are sizably lower than from other studies using sales and survey data
Online Tobacco Advertising and Current Chew, Dip, Snuff and Snus Use among Youth and Young Adults, 2018–2019
Greater exposure to tobacco advertising online is associated with greater odds of smokeless use among surveyed youth and young adults. This effect of social media marketing exposure on smokeless use outweighs the mitigating impact of existing tobacco control policies. The findings underscore the need for strong advertising regulation of evolving tobacco products, including smokeless products, on social media and surveillance of digital marketing …
The impact of two state-level approaches to restricting the sale of flavored tobacco products
Results from this study support emerging research that demonstrates the promising effects of comprehensive flavoring sales prohibitions. This study can be used to inform future flavored tobacco product policy solutions developed by advocates and policy makers to curb overall tobacco initiation and use by youth and adults
Analysis of e-cigarette warning letters issued by the Food and Drug Administration in 2020 and 2021
Warning letters targeted small online retailers rather than large e-cigarette brands or products most used by youth: pod mods and disposables. The focus of these enforcement actions comprises a small share of the market and the impact on use was likely minimal. With PMTA decisions pending for the largest brands of e-cigarettes, the FDA should use its enforcement powers to target manufacturers, distributors and sellers of the tobacco products that…
Relative increases in direct-to-consumer menthol ads following 2020 FDA guidance on flavoured e-cigarettes
The 2020 FDA flavour guidance was followed by an increased proportion of direct-to-consumer email advertisements of menthol-flavoured e-cigarette products
Vaping in the Workplace: Awareness and Support for E-cigarette Workplace Policies
Objectives: Clean indoor air policies have been an important tool protecting the health of working adults. The purpose of this study was to examine awareness of and support for e-cigarette-free workplace policies among working adults in the United States. Methods: Employees of companies with at least 150 employees (N = 1607, ages 18-65 years) were recruited from an opt-in national panel for an online survey. Results: Nearly half of respondents (4…
Youth and young adult risk perceptions and behaviours in response to an outbreak of e-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (Evali) in the USA
News of vaping-attributable health conditions may prevent e-cigarette/vape use and encourage cessation among young people. Tobacco control campaigns should address uncertain health effects of e-cigarettes or vape products and align with risk communication by public health agencies during outbreaks
Examination of the association between state tobacco control spending and the demand for electronic cigarettes by high school students
There has been a dramatic increase in e-cigarette use by adolescents and young adults in the USA. The rapid rise in e-cigarette use has been a significant source of public policy concern for many states. The results of this study strongly suggest that increased spending on tobacco control programmes will reduce the number of high school students who vape and will decrease the number of days vaping products are used by high school students. These …
The Evali outbreak and tobacco sales in the USA, 2014–2020
Sales of e-cigarettes declined in response to the EVALI outbreak and from the most restrictive regulatory policies that were adopted in response, while sales of cigarettes were affected less
Industry tactics in anticipation of strengthened regulation: Bidi Vapor unveils non-characterising Bidi Stick flavours on digital media platforms
Research reported in this publication was supported by Truth Initiative and by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01CA234082. In January 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued guidance for the electronic cigarette industry, which resulted in a limited prohibition of flavoured cartridge or ‘pod’-based e-cigarette products but allowed for the sale of other flavoured e-cigarette pro…
Menthol e-cigarette sales rise following 2020 FDA guidance
Juul Labs' self-regulation and the current FDA flavour guidance were followed by a shift towards menthol-flavoured e-cigarettes. Industry self-regulation and current federal guidance appear insufficient in reversing the youth vaping epidemic. E-cigarettes must be fully regulated as a tobacco product including the removal of flavoured e-cigarettes, including menthol, from the market to reduce youth e-cigarette use
Cost-Effectiveness of Using Mass Media to Prevent Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults: The FinishIt Campaign
Mass media campaigns have been hailed as some of the most effective tobacco prevention interventions. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of the national tobacco prevention campaign, truth ® FinishIt, to determine the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved and the return on investment (ROI). The cost-utility analysis used four main parameters: program costs, number of smoking careers averted, treatment costs, and number of QALYs …
Do state minimum markup/price laws work? Evidence from retail scanner data and TUS-CPS
MPLs are an effective way to increase cigarette prices. The impact of MPLs can be further strengthened by imposing greater markup rates and by prohibiting coupon distribution, competitor price matching, and use of below-cost combination sales and trade discounts
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Do state minimum markup/price laws work? Evidence from retail scanner data and TUS-CPS
MPLs are an effective way to increase cigarette prices. The impact of MPLs can be further strengthened by imposing greater markup rates and by prohibiting coupon distribution, competitor price matching, and use of below-cost combination sales and trade discounts
Cost-Effectiveness of Using Mass Media to Prevent Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults: The FinishIt Campaign
Mass media campaigns have been hailed as some of the most effective tobacco prevention interventions. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of the national tobacco prevention campaign, truth ® FinishIt, to determine the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved and the return on investment (ROI). The cost-utility analysis used four main parameters: program costs, number of smoking careers averted, treatment costs, and number of QALYs …
Menthol e-cigarette sales rise following 2020 FDA guidance
Juul Labs' self-regulation and the current FDA flavour guidance were followed by a shift towards menthol-flavoured e-cigarettes. Industry self-regulation and current federal guidance appear insufficient in reversing the youth vaping epidemic. E-cigarettes must be fully regulated as a tobacco product including the removal of flavoured e-cigarettes, including menthol, from the market to reduce youth e-cigarette use
Vaping in the Workplace: Awareness and Support for E-cigarette Workplace Policies
Objectives: Clean indoor air policies have been an important tool protecting the health of working adults. The purpose of this study was to examine awareness of and support for e-cigarette-free workplace policies among working adults in the United States. Methods: Employees of companies with at least 150 employees (N = 1607, ages 18-65 years) were recruited from an opt-in national panel for an online survey. Results: Nearly half of respondents (4…
Youth and young adult risk perceptions and behaviours in response to an outbreak of e-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (Evali) in the USA
News of vaping-attributable health conditions may prevent e-cigarette/vape use and encourage cessation among young people. Tobacco control campaigns should address uncertain health effects of e-cigarettes or vape products and align with risk communication by public health agencies during outbreaks
Examination of the association between state tobacco control spending and the demand for electronic cigarettes by high school students
There has been a dramatic increase in e-cigarette use by adolescents and young adults in the USA. The rapid rise in e-cigarette use has been a significant source of public policy concern for many states. The results of this study strongly suggest that increased spending on tobacco control programmes will reduce the number of high school students who vape and will decrease the number of days vaping products are used by high school students. These …
The Evali outbreak and tobacco sales in the USA, 2014–2020
Sales of e-cigarettes declined in response to the EVALI outbreak and from the most restrictive regulatory policies that were adopted in response, while sales of cigarettes were affected less
Industry tactics in anticipation of strengthened regulation: Bidi Vapor unveils non-characterising Bidi Stick flavours on digital media platforms
Research reported in this publication was supported by Truth Initiative and by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01CA234082. In January 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued guidance for the electronic cigarette industry, which resulted in a limited prohibition of flavoured cartridge or ‘pod’-based e-cigarette products but allowed for the sale of other flavoured e-cigarette pro…
Online Tobacco Advertising and Current Chew, Dip, Snuff and Snus Use among Youth and Young Adults, 2018–2019
Greater exposure to tobacco advertising online is associated with greater odds of smokeless use among surveyed youth and young adults. This effect of social media marketing exposure on smokeless use outweighs the mitigating impact of existing tobacco control policies. The findings underscore the need for strong advertising regulation of evolving tobacco products, including smokeless products, on social media and surveillance of digital marketing …
The impact of two state-level approaches to restricting the sale of flavored tobacco products
Results from this study support emerging research that demonstrates the promising effects of comprehensive flavoring sales prohibitions. This study can be used to inform future flavored tobacco product policy solutions developed by advocates and policy makers to curb overall tobacco initiation and use by youth and adults
Analysis of e-cigarette warning letters issued by the Food and Drug Administration in 2020 and 2021
Warning letters targeted small online retailers rather than large e-cigarette brands or products most used by youth: pod mods and disposables. The focus of these enforcement actions comprises a small share of the market and the impact on use was likely minimal. With PMTA decisions pending for the largest brands of e-cigarettes, the FDA should use its enforcement powers to target manufacturers, distributors and sellers of the tobacco products that…
Relative increases in direct-to-consumer menthol ads following 2020 FDA guidance on flavoured e-cigarettes
The 2020 FDA flavour guidance was followed by an increased proportion of direct-to-consumer email advertisements of menthol-flavoured e-cigarette products
Bigger, stronger and cheaper: Growth in e-cigarette market driven by disposable devices with more e-liquid, higher nicotine concentration and declining prices
The current regulatory regime around e-cigarettes has resulted in disposable e-cigarette manufacturers providing consumers with bigger, cheaper disposable e-cigarettes that come in increasingly higher nicotine strengths. Tobacco policy recommendations such as restricting e-liquid capacity and minimum price laws as well as regulations on product characteristics that affect nicotine emissions and delivery such as nicotine strength, nicotine output,…
Effect of e-cigarette taxes on e-cigarette and cigarette retail prices and sales, USA, 2014–2019
Our study finds that e-cigarette taxes increase e-cigarette retail prices by approximately half of the tax. Further, e-cigarette taxes are associated with reduced sales of e-cigarettes and increased sales of cigarettes in some specifications. Our estimates are sizably lower than from other studies using sales and survey data
Youth and Young Adult Blunt Use Predicts Progression to Other Nicotine Product Use in the United States
Background Little cigars or cigarillos (LCCs) are frequently modified to smoke cannabis (“blunts”) by youth and young adults. This study investigated whether young blunt users who are otherwise nicotine-naïve are more likely to initiate other tobacco products compared to never blunt users.Methods and Materials Data were from four waves of the Truth Longitudinal Cohort (TLC), a national probability-based sample of youth and young adults (aged 15-2…
Changes in price, income and e-cigarette affordability for young people in the USA from 2015 to 2021
E-cigarettes have become more affordable for young people, but less so in states with ad-valorem tax structures. Policy efforts should focus on reducing e-cigarette affordability, especially for youth, through tax-induced increases in e-cigarette prices to levels high enough to outpace income growth
Easy access: Identification verification and shipping methods used by online vape shops
Most OVSs rely on age self-certification, which underage youth can easily exploit to access these products. Findings warrant that the Food and Drug Administration, state and local policymakers explore additional actions regulating online tobacco sales to address the compliance issues our data elucidate. These include enhanced surveillance, compliance checks and stricter penalties
Tracking technology changes of e-cigarettes: Characteristics and capabilities of new smart vape devices
Population coverage and comprehensiveness of flavoured tobacco sales restrictions in the USA, 2010–2023
Implementation of FTP sales restrictions rapidly increased from 2019 to 2023, with policies varying in product, flavour and retailer inclusions. During Q4 2023, over one-quarter of US residents were covered by flavour policies; however, coverage by policies in the South and by menthol cigarette policies was limited. These data may be used to longitudinally evaluate the impacts of FTP policies
Changes in E-Cigarette and Cigarette Sales in California and Neighboring States Following a Law Prohibiting Flavored Tobacco Product Sales
Objectives. To assess changes in e-cigarette and cigarette sales, overall and by flavor type, following implementation of California’s law prohibiting flavored tobacco product sales. Methods. E-cigarette and cigarette retail sales data were licensed from Circana, categorized by flavor, and summed into quarters during 2019 to 2024. We used difference-in-differences regressions with 2-way fixed effects to compare quarterly sales per capita before a…
Clearly flavoured: Rising popularity of ‘clear’ flavoured e-cigarettes and what online descriptions reveal
The presence of flavour terminology in clear-flavoured e-cigarette product descriptions suggests that purportedly unflavoured products, such as clear-flavoured e-cigarettes, are marketed with language that implies flavoured characteristics. E-cigarettes classified as 'clear' flavour may bypass state and local flavour restrictions, advertising flavour experiences that appeal to youth
Where there’s smoke (less), there’s fire: Viral oral nicotine pouch content on TikTok and market growth
Following >3 years of steady market growth, a viral spike in TikTok views precedes a significant acceleration in ONP sales followed by a larger spike in views. Although further research is needed to determine whether TikTok views offer a reliable predictor of period-to-period sales, our findings suggest that spikes in specific content signalling effective penetration of youth subcultures may be indicative of acute market changes
Smoking Behavior and Cessation (18 works) · Medicine (17 works) · Business (15 works) · Advertising (14 works) · Environmental health (13 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (8 works) · Electronic cigarette (7 works) · Marketing (7 works) · Psychology (6 works) · Public health (6 works)