Kathryn Whetten
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 6065090 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Kathryn Whetten |
| PRENOMES | Kathryn |
| SOBRENOME | Whetten |
| ASSINATURA | WHETTEN K |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Duke University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4841-7695 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 53 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 53 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Organization-level determinants for low secondary traumatic stress in lay counselors delivering trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in Kenya
Eighty percent of the world’s youth live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet access to trauma-focused mental health care in these settings remains limited despite a high burden of mental health disorders and trauma exposure among youth. Task-shifting models that train lay counselors to deliver evidence-based treatments can expand access to care, yet delivering trauma-focused treatment may increase counselors’ vulnerability to seconda…
A comparison of assessment tools for childcare centers in high vs. low resource settings
Studies suggest issues may arise when using childcare setting assessment tools designed for high-resource settings in low-resource settings to assess and improve the quality of care, including placing disproportionate weight on features of the childcare environment that may not be available or culturally appropriate within the low-resource context. This study compares a novel assessment tool developed in and for low-income and low-resource settin…
What processes or key components do teachers attribute to their well‐being? A cross‐cultural qualitative study of teacher well‐being in Cambodia, Kenya, and Qatar
The study of teacher well‐being is critically important. However, teacher well‐being studies are lacking in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, and also generally in low‐income countries. This exploratory case study sought to identify teachers' perceptions of work‐related characteristics and personal practices associated with well‐being and burnout in three underrepresented, diverse sites: Battambang, Cambodia; Bungoma, Kenya; and Doha, Qatar. Nin…
Addressing discrimination and violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) persons from Brazil
Rainbow Resistance-Dandarah app was endorsed as a powerful tool for enhancing reporting episodes of violence/discrimination against SGM persons and a key strategy to connect users with a safe network of supportive services. Results indicate that the app is an engaging, acceptable, and potentially effective mHealth intervention. Participants reported many advantages of using it, such as being able to report harassment and violence, connect with a …
Effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy compared to psychosocial counseling in reducing HIV risk behaviors, substance use, and mental health problems among orphans and vulnerable …
The Dandarah App
Discrimination and violence are widely experienced by sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons worldwide. More than one SGM person is murdered every day in Brazil because of their sexuality or gender identity, which is the highest reported homicide rate in the world. Alt-hough discrimination and violence against SGM persons in Brazil are considered to be hate crimes, reporting is still suboptimal due to fear of police SGM phobia and victim blamin…
Religion and Caregiving for Orphans and Vulnerable Children
Studies of caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) rarely examine the role religion plays in their lives. We conducted qualitative interviews of 69 caregivers in four countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Cambodia, and India (Hyderabad and Nagaland), and across four religious traditions: Christian (Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant), Muslim, Buddhist, and Hindu. We asked respondents to describe the importance of religion for their becomi…
‘Our life is pointless … ’
Worldwide, Brazil has the highest prevalence of violence and hate crimes against sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) among countries with available data. To explore the impact of this scenario, we conducted a qualitative study with 50 SGMs from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Among the participants, 66% screened positive for generalised anxiety disorder, 46% for major depressive disorder and 39% for PTSD. A third reported low self-esteem (32%) and one qu…
Barriers and facilitators of child and guardian attendance in task-shifted mental health services in schools in western Kenya
Attention to barriers and facilitators of attendance in the context in which mental health interventions are delivered allows for identification of ways to improve attendance and treatment engagement and achieve the potential promise of providing accessible mental health services
Reliability, validity and measurement invariance of the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia
Our results show that the six-item SMAQ scale has adequate reliability and validity indices for this sample, in addition to being invariant across comparison groups. The findings of this study strengthen the evidence in support of the increasing use of SMAQ by interventionists and researchers to examine, pool and compare adherence scores across groups and time periods
Predictors of HIV Testing among Orphaned Youths in Three East African Countries
Enjoyment and meaning in daily activities among caregivers of orphaned and separated children in four countries
Sexual and gender minorities rights in Latin America and the Caribbean
BACKGROUND: Although the extent of legal inequities experienced by sexual and gender minorities (SGM) has declined during recent decades, this population still enjoys fewer legal protections and benefits than the non-gender-variant, heterosexual population. Herein we analyze the current scenario of SGM rights in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). METHODS: Policy documents and governmental strategies addressing SGM rights were analyzed within …
Lay Counselor Perspectives of Providing a Child-Focused Mental Health Intervention for Children
The global mental health treatment gap has increasingly been addressed using task-shifting; however, very little research has focused on lay counselors' perspectives on the acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness of mental health interventions in specific government-supported sectors that might scale up and sustain mental health care for children and adolescents. In western Kenya, these sectors include Education and Health. Data come from…
Public Health, HIV Care and Prevention, Human Rights and Democracy at a Crossroad in Brazil
Caring and thriving
Psychometric evaluation of HIV risk behavior assessments using Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interviewing (Acasi) among orphans and vulnerable children in Zambia
Social desirability bias and underreporting of HIV risk behaviors are significant challenges to the accurate evaluation of HIV prevention programs for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in sub-Saharan Africa. Valid and reliable HIV risk behavior instruments are critical to address these challenges. We assessed the psychometric properties of two risk behavior measures, the World Aids Foundation Survey (WAF) and the Peer HIV Risk Behavior Screen…
State of HIV in the US Deep South
Civic engagement among orphans and non-orphans in five low- and middle-income countries
BACKGROUND: Communities and nations seeking to foster social responsibility in their youth are interested in understanding factors that predict and promote youth involvement in public activities. Orphans and separated children (OSC) are a vulnerable population whose numbers are increasing, particularly in resource-poor settings. Understanding whether and how OSC are engaged in civic activities is important for community and world leaders who need…
Potentially traumatic experiences and sexual health among orphaned and separated adolescents in five low- and middle-income countries
Orphans and separated children (OSC) are a vulnerable population whose numbers are increasing, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Over 153 million children worldwide have lost one or both parents, including 17 million orphaned by AIDS, and millions more have been separated from their parents. As younger orphans enter adolescence, their sexual health and HIV-related risk behaviors become key considerations for their overall health. Impor…
HIV serostatus disclosure in the treatment cascade
HIV serostatus disclosure plays an important role in HIV transmission risk reduction and is positively associated with HIV medication adherence and treatment outcomes. However, to date, no study has quantified the role of disclosure across the HIV treatment cascade, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. We used data from a cohort of HIV-infected adults in Northern Tanzania to describe associations between disclosure and engagement and retention in …
Gender (in) differences in prevalence and incidence of traumatic experiences among orphaned and separated children living in five low- and middle-income countries
Prevalence and annual incidence of PTEs were high among OSC in general, but gender-specific estimates were comparable. Although support services and prevention programs are essential for female OSC, programs for male OSC are equally important
Adverse childhood experiences, psychosocial well-being and cognitive development among orphans and abandoned children in five low income countries
BACKGROUND: Development policymakers and child-care service providers are committed to improving the educational opportunities of the 153 million orphans worldwide. Nevertheless, the relationship between orphanhood and education outcomes is not well understood. Varying factors associated with differential educational attainment leave policymakers uncertain where to intervene. This study examines the relationship between psychosocial well-being an…
HIV/Aids in the Southern USA
This research synthesis examined HIV/AIDS surveillance and health care financing data and reviewed relevant research literature to describe HIV epidemiology, outcomes, funding, and contributing factors to the HIV epidemic in the Southern USA with particular focus on a group of Southern states with similar demographic and disease characteristics and comparable HIV epidemics (Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Los Angeles, Mississippi, North Carolina, Sout…
Treatment retention and care transitions during and after the scale-up of HIV care and treatment in Northern Tanzania
Decentralization of HIV care is promoted to improve access to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes care transitions among HIV-infected persons in Northern Tanzania during a period of rapid decentralization of HIV care and treatment centers (CTCs) from hospitals to local health centers. Between November 2008 and June 2009, 492 HIV-infected patients in established care at two referral hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania, and …
Exploring Lack of Trust in Care Providers and the Government as a Barrier to Health Service Use
Objectives. We examined associations between trust of health care providers and the government and health service use and outcomes. Methods. Interviews with a sample of 611 HIV-positive individuals included an attitudinal assessment measuring beliefs concerning the creation of AIDS, information being withheld about the disease, and trust of care providers. Results. Trust in care providers was associated with increased HIV-related out-patient clin…
HIV Infection and Aids in the Deep South
We examine epidemiological and demographic data documenting the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Deep South region of the United States. These data document substantial increases in AIDS cases in the Deep South from 2000 to 2003. In contrast, other US regions are experiencing stable rates or small increases in new AIDS cases. Furthermore, the AIDS epidemic in the Deep South is more concentrated than in other regions among African Americans, women, and ru…
Caring and thriving
Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Physical Trauma in an HIV-Positive Sample From the Deep South
We examined prevalence and predictors of trauma among HIV-infected persons in the Deep South using data from the Coping with HIV/AIDS in the Southeast (CHASE) study. Over 50% of CHASE participants were abused during their lives, with approximately 30% experiencing abuse before age 13, regardless of gender. Caregiver characteristics were associated with childhood abuse. Abuse is related to increases in high–HIV-risk activities. The findings help e…
Child and caregiver concordance of potentially traumatic events experienced by orphaned and abandoned children
Exposure to trauma is associated with significant emotional and behavioral difficulties among children (Perepletchikova & Kaufman, 2010). Overall, reports of trauma and violence experienced by children are discrepant from those of their caregivers (Lewis et al., 2012). Even less is known about the extent of concordance between orphans and their caregivers. This study examines the correlates of concordance in reported traumatic experiences between…
Do United States-based medicaid spend-down programmes make public sense for persons with HIV/Aids
Medicaid is a US government insurance programme designed primarily for poor individuals, with expenditures that rose more than 13% in 2002. Thirty-five states have programmes allowing individuals to incur medical expenses at a rate that would make them poor enough to meet Medicaid eligibility criteria. This paper examines the cost of providing care to those spending-down to Medicaid compared to those eligible without spending-down. This longitudi…
Adherence in people living with HIV/Aids, mental illness, and chemical dependency
Adherence to antiretroviral medications is central to reducing morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS. Relatively few studies published to date address HIV adherence among special populations. The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature on HIV antiretroviral adherence, with an emphasis on studies among the triply diagnosed population of people living with HIV/AIDS, mental illness, and chemical dependency. I…
How Trauma, Recent Stressful Events, and PTSD Affect Functional Health Status and Health Utilization in HIV-Infected Patients in the South
OBJECTIVE: In addition to biological markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression, physical functioning, and utilization of health care may also be important indicators of health status in HIV-infected patients. There is insufficient understanding of the psychosocial predictors of health-related physical functioning and use of health services among those with this chronic disease. Therefore, the current study examines how tra…
Prevalence of DSM-IV-Defined Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders in an HIV Clinic in the Southeastern United States
BACKGROUND: Mood and anxiety disorders, particularly depression, and substance abuse (SA) commonly co-occur with HIV infection. Appropriate policy and program planning require accurate prevalence estimates. Yet most estimates are based on screening instruments, which are likely to overstate true prevalence. SETTING: Large academic medical center in Southeast. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,125 patients, representing 80% of HIV-positive patients seen …
Barriers to Antiretroviral Adherence
Among HIV-infected persons, high-level adherence to antiretroviral medications (>90%-95%) is associated with improved immunologic, virologic, and clinical outcomes, and is necessary to prevent the emergence of viral resistance. This study examines whether lifetime traumatic events including physical and sexual abuse, are associated with antiretroviral nonadherence. We present a cross-sectional analysis of the Coping with HIV/AIDS in the Southeast…
Association of unmet needs for support services with medication use and adherence among HIV-infected individuals in the southeastern United States
Unmet needs for services, such as housing and psychiatric treatment, are relatively common among HIV-infected individuals; however, the effects of different types of unmet needs on health-care outcomes are not well understood. This study describes unmet psychosocial needs and their relationship with health-care outcomes among individuals receiving HIV care in the southeastern US (n=526). We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the ass…
Overview
Characteristics of HIV-infected adults in the Deep South and their utilization of mental health services
Insufficient utilization of mental health services has been described among HIV-infected individuals in urban areas; however, little is known about utilization of mental health services among rural-living HIV-infected individuals. This article examines use of mental health services by HIV-infected adults in the Southern U.S., where approximately two-thirds of rural HIV cases reside, and compares mental health services use between those in rural a…
Does distance affect utilization of substance abuse and mental health services in the presence of transportation services
Long travel times have been identified as a significant barrier to accessing mental health and other critical services. This study examines whether distance to treatment was a barrier to receiving outpatient mental health and substance abuse care for HIV-positive persons when transportation was provided. Data from a cohort of HIV-positive persons who participated in a year-long substance abuse and mental health treatment programme were examined l…
Improving health outcomes among individuals with HIV, mental illness, and substance use disorders in the Southeast
Providing behavioral treatment for mental health and substance use disorders among HIV-infected individuals is critical because these disorders have been associated with negative outcomes such as poorer medication adherence. This study examines the effectiveness of an integrated treatment model for HIV-infected individuals who have both substance use and mental disorders. Study participants (n = 141) were recruited through routine mental health a…
HIV Infection and Aids in the Deep South
We examine epidemiological and demographic data documenting the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Deep South region of the United States. These data document substantial increases in AIDS cases in the Deep South from 2000 to 2003. In contrast, other US regions are experiencing stable rates or small increases in new AIDS cases. Furthermore, the AIDS epidemic in the Deep South is more concentrated than in other regions among African Americans, women, and ru…
Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Physical Trauma in an HIV-Positive Sample From the Deep South
We examined prevalence and predictors of trauma among HIV-infected persons in the Deep South using data from the Coping with HIV/AIDS in the Southeast (CHASE) study. Over 50% of CHASE participants were abused during their lives, with approximately 30% experiencing abuse before age 13, regardless of gender. Caregiver characteristics were associated with childhood abuse. Abuse is related to increases in high–HIV-risk activities. The findings help e…
Exploring Lack of Trust in Care Providers and the Government as a Barrier to Health Service Use
Objectives. We examined associations between trust of health care providers and the government and health service use and outcomes. Methods. Interviews with a sample of 611 HIV-positive individuals included an attitudinal assessment measuring beliefs concerning the creation of AIDS, information being withheld about the disease, and trust of care providers. Results. Trust in care providers was associated with increased HIV-related out-patient clin…
Black Sexuality, Social Construction, and Research Targeting ‘The Down Low’ (‘The DL’)
Childhood abuse and initial presentation for HIV care
An alarmingly high prevalence of childhood sexual and physical abuse has been observed in HIV-infected men and women, with rates several times higher than observed in the general population. Childhood abuse history has been associated with worse antiretroviral adherence and negative health behaviours in HIV-infected patients. This study evaluates the relationship between childhood abuse and the timing of presentation for HIV care. Participants in…
Reif Et Al. Respond
Doherty et al. highlight several important social dynamics that likely contribute to the disproportionate HIV incidence rates in the southern United States. Although we touched on most of the areas Doherty et al. mention, including racial disparities in health care and economic conditions, intriguing new information regarding determinants of HIV infection in the South has emerged since our original submission.1–5 We welcome the increased attentio…
Trauma, anxiety and reported health among HIV-positive persons in Tanzania and the US Deep South
Little research has been conducted in less wealthy nations to evaluate the prevalence of severe life traumas in general population groups and the impact of such traumas. Previous studies in wealthy nations have found that experiencing severe traumas can cause elevated levels of anxiety, but few studies have examined this association in non-disaster situations in less wealthy nations. Trauma and trauma-related anxiety are associated with greater s…
Trauma, Mental Health, Distrust, and Stigma Among HIV-Positive Persons
Individuals living with HIV often have complicated histories, including negative experiences such as traumatic events, mental illness, and stigma. As the medical community in the United States adapts to managing HIV as a chronic disease, understanding factors such as these negative experiences that may be associated with poorer adherence to treatment regimens, greater HIV risk behavior, and lower patient quality of life becomes critical to HIV ca…
A Comparison of the Wellbeing of Orphans and Abandoned Children Ages 6–12 in Institutional and Community-Based Care Settings in 5 Less Wealthy Nations
BACKGROUND: Leaders are struggling to care for the estimated 143,000,000 orphans and millions more abandoned children worldwide. Global policy makers are advocating that institution-living orphans and abandoned children (OAC) be moved as quickly as possible to a residential family setting and that institutional care be used as a last resort. This analysis tests the hypothesis that institutional care for OAC aged 6-12 is associated with worse heal…
Overload
OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of incident stressful experiences on antiretroviral medication adherence and treatment outcomes. Past trauma history predicts poorer medication adherence and health outcomes. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals experience frequently traumatic and stressful events, such as sexual and physical assault, housing instability, and major financial, employment, and legal difficulties. METHODS: We me…
Prevalence and predictors of HIV-related stigma among institutional- and community-based caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children living in five less-wealthy countries
The caregiver-child relationship is central to a child's development. OAC already face stigma as a result of their orphaned or abandoned status; the addition of HIV-related stigma represents a double burden for these children. Further research on the prevalence of HIV-related acceptance and stigma among caregivers and implications of such stigma for child development will be critical as the policy community responds to the global HIV/AIDS orphan …
Child work and labour among orphaned and abandoned children in five low and middle income countries
BACKGROUND: The care and protection of the estimated 143,000,000 orphaned and abandoned children (OAC) worldwide is of great importance to global policy makers and child service providers in low and middle income countries (LMICs), yet little is known about rates of child labour among OAC, what child and caregiver characteristics predict child engagement in work and labour, or when such work infers with schooling. This study examines rates and co…
Highly stressed
A history of traumatic and/or stressful experiences is prevalent among HIV-infected individuals and has been consistently associated with poorer health outcomes. However, little is known about incident stressful experiences and the factors that predict these experiences among HIV-infected individuals. Data from a longitudinal study of 611 HIV-infected individuals in the Southeastern USA were used to examine the frequency and types of incident str…
A Brief Assessment of Learning for Orphaned and Abandoned Children in Low and Middle Income Countries
Relationship between trauma and high-risk behavior among HIV-positive men who do not have sex with men (MDSM)
The incidence of heterosexual HIV transmission continues to increase in the USA. However, little is known about factors that influence high-risk behavior among men who do not have sex with men (MDSM). This study examines the association of childhood sexual abuse and high-risk behaviors among MDSM. The Coping with HIV/AIDS in the Southeast (CHASE) study included 611 HIV-positive individuals in the Southeastern US Bivariate statistics were used to …
Medicine (47 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (29 obras) · Psychiatry (25 obras) · Psychology (23 obras) · Environmental health (21 obras) · Mental health (18 obras) · Family medicine (17 obras) · Clinical Psychology (16 obras) · Demography (16 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (15 obras)