Ronald Chenail
Biographic Data
| ID | 6188927 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ronald Chenail |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ronald |
| FAMILY NAME | Chenail |
| SIGNATURE | CHENAIL R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Nova Southeastern University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 60 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 144 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 59 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
A Very Positive Review of Positive Autoethnography
Emerging from a creative marriage of positive psychology and autoethnography, Freda Gonot-Schoupinsky and Claude-Hélène Mayer (2025) present a wonderful addition to both families with their new book, Positive Autoethnography: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. The authors do an excellent job situating this new methodology in the rich traditions of both foundational areas and present the theoretical and practical qualities of a variety of pos…
Sarah Lewis’ Terrific Toolkit
Sarah Lewis (2025) has made a strong contribution to the “How To” resources for conducting Appreciative Inquiry with her new book, Practical Appreciative Inquiry: A Toolkit for Applying Appreciative Inquiry to Organisational Challenges, Opportunities, and Aspirations. She has crafted the tome from a positive psychology perspective and her extensive experiences as an organizational consultant and facilitator, author, and postgraduate level lecture…
Remote Monitoring Technologies in Dementia Care
The desire to maintain an independent lifestyle is one shared by an increasing number of older adults. Adult children, spouses, siblings, and other relatives, also known as family caregivers, play an integral role in helping their loved ones maintain independence. Remote monitoring technologies (RMTs) such as wearable sensors, mobile emergency devices, smartphone apps, and webcams can be used to monitor, sense, record, and communicate a person’s …
Ericksonian Hypnotherapy Resemblances in Solution Focused Brief Therapy
Exploring Relationships between Needs and Solutions in Solution Focused Brief Therapy
Focus is a critical component in solution focused brief therapy (SFBT; de Shazer et al., 1986), yet little research has been conducted on how SFBT therapists utilize the clients’ focus on their awareness of needs to relationally build solutions (Reiter & Chenail, 2016). To address this gap, we reviewed the notion of utilizing clients’ focus in SFBT conceptually and presented the results of our discovery-oriented qualitative study of a classic tra…
Qualitative Researchers in the Blogosphere
Weblogs or blogs can provide qualitative researchers with a medium for expressing their thoughts and opinions on qualitative research methods and products as well as serving as the source of data for qualitative studies. Present examples serve as exemplary guides to the potential value of this virtual communication application.
Making Phenomenological Inquiry Accessible
Jonathan A. Smith, Paul Flowers, and Michael Larkin’s Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method, and Research is an accessible account of an emergent qualitative psychology methodology which has great potential for studying a variety of psychological areas as well as being applied to studies outside of the behavioral sciences. The authors avoid the complexity found in some texts on phenomenological inquiry and present a simple plan f…
To thine own context be true, but be careful
In his latest book, Writing Qualitative Inquiry: Self, Stories, and Academic Life, H. L Goodall effectively uses his unique narrative style to introduce readers to the life of writing qualitative inquiry with all of its joys and perils. He asks his readers to carefully attend to the contexts--both social and discursive--they select or in which they find themselves and to consider the consequences of these interesting juxtapositions. Goodall fills…
Constructing Children and Children Constructing
Melissa Freeman and Sandra Mathison’s (2009) new book, Researching Children’s Experiences, provides readers with a theoretically-rich presentation regarding researching children. Steeped in social constructivist informed methodology the authors explore a wide variety of methods and perspectives for not only studying children, but also enlisting children as co-researchers too. The depth and passion with which the authors embrace the social constru…
Whetting Beginning Qualitative Researchers’ Appetites
Selecting texts for introductory qualitative research courses can be a challenge given the depth, breadth, and variety of contemporary qualitative inquiry. The new edition of Green and Thorogood’s Qualitative Methods for Health Research presents a great choice for professors teaching courses across the health care spectrum due to its authors’ ability to give students a diverse buffet designed to whet appetites and increase hunger for more qualita…
The Value of Community in Creating Quality
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods is a welcomed contribution to the ever-expanding qualitative research reference library as it fills the gap such a standard, comprehensive written compendium should address. Benefiting from the contributions of a community of who’s who in the qualitative research world, the two volume work offers its readers easy to read, concise entries of high quality on methodologies, methods, and procedure…
But is it research
Patricia Leavy’s new book helps to address the gap for an introductory text for those interested in learning more about arts-based research and other approaches to artistic qualitative research. It may also help to address those researchers and editors who, when seeing an arts-based research report or presentation, ask "but is it research
Keeping a Personal Focus When Contemplating a Sense of Home
While calling for a more systematic qualitative research approach in addressing contemporary urban studies’ challenges, Paul Maginn, Susan Thompson, and Matthew Tonts’s new edited work, Qualitative Housing Analysis: An International Perspective, also helps to remind us of the importance of remaining sensitive to the perspective of the people inhabiting these dwellings and to those not so fortunate to be living under a roof they can call their own…
Ethnographers at Microsoft
Qualitative researchers and those with qualitative inquiry skills are finding tremendous employment opportunities in the world of technology design and development. Because of their abilities to observe and understand the experiences of end users in human-computer interactions, these researchers are helping companies using Contextual Design to create the next generation of products with the users clearly in mind. In Human-Computer Interaction: De…
Indigenous and Emergent Methodologies
Paul Maginn, Susan Thompson, and Matthew Tonts’ (2008) new edited work entitled Qualitative Urban Analysis: An International Perspective introduces its readers to emergent qualitative research and evaluation methodologies indigenous to urban policy studies. These local lessons can prove quite valuable for all qualitative researchers regardless their fields or discipline
Qualitative Research Like Politics Can Also Be Local
The political nature of defining what constitutes standards of rigor and quality in qualitative research comes to the forefront again in Lamont and Whites’ (2008) new report, Interdisciplinary Standards for Systematic Qualitative Research. Based upon a 2005 National Science Foundation (NSF) funded workshop for representatives from NSF’s Cultural Anthropology, Law and Social Science, Political Science, and Sociology programs, Lamont, White, and th…
Exploring Sheila Keegan’s World of Commercial Qualitative Research
The world of commercial qualitative research reflects an emergent and exciting area of contemporary qualitative research which might not be all that familiar to academic qualitative researchers. Traditionally mentored in an oral and experiential fashion, the next generation of market qualitative researchers are benefiting from new books such as Sheila Keegan’s Qualitative Research: Good Decision Making through Understanding People, Cultures and M…
YouTube as a Qualitative Research Asset
YouTube, the video hosting service, offers students, teachers, and practitioners of qualitative researchers a unique reservoir of video clips introducing basic qualitative research concepts, sharing qualitative data from interviews and field observations, and presenting completed research studies. This web-based site also affords qualitative researchers the potential avenue to share their reusable learning resources for all interested parties to …
Communicating Qualitative Analytical Results Following Grice’s Conversational Maxims
Conducting qualitative research can be seen as a developing communication act through which researchers engage in a variety of conversations. Articulating the results of qualitative data analysis results can be an especially challenging part of this scholarly discussion for qualitative researchers. To help guide investigators through this difficult communicative process, the authors suggest Grice’s (1989) Conversational Maxims of Quantity, Qualit…
Teaching Qualitative Research Teachers about Teaching Qualitative Research
Rosalind Hurworth’s (2008) new book, Teaching Qualitative Research: Cases and Issues, presents its readers with a well-researched and detailed account of contemporary qualitative research education. Based upon her extensive review of the literature and field work observing faculty members and students in a variety of classroom settings, Hurworth shares the lessons she learned from this investigation and offers readers a long list of ways we can i…
Facilitating Coherence across Qualitative Research Papers
Bringing the various elements of qualitative research papers into coherent textual patterns presents challenges for authors and editors alike. Although individual sections such as presentation of the problem, review of the literature, methodology, results, and discussion may each be constructed in a sound logical and structural sense, the alignment of these parts into a coherent mosaic may be lacking in many qualitative research manuscripts. In t…
Bringing Method to the Madness
The synthesis of qualitative research has emerged as an important methodology in the contemporary research landscape. In their new book entitled Handbook for Synthesizing Qualitative Research (2007), Margarete Sandelowski and Juliet Barroso successfully bring method to this potentially maddening process of finding, selecting, appraising, and synthesizing results from primary qualitative research studies
Conducting Qualitative Data Analysis
In the third of a series of “how-to” essays on conducting qualitative data analysis, Ron Chenail examines the dynamic tensions within the process of qualitative data analysis that qualitative researchers must manage in order to produce credible and creative results. These tensions include (a) the qualities of the data and the qualitative data analysis of these qualities, (b) errors of deficiency and exuberance, (c) tacit and public knowledge, (d)…
The Next Generation of Grounded Theorists Tells All
Grounded theory in all of its forms, variations, and extensions is one of the most widely practiced qualitative research methodologies. In a personal rendering, the contributors to Developing Grounded Theory: The Second Generation give an insider’s perspective that allows us not only to learn the commonalities and differences of this diverse family of methodologies, but also to meet the men and women who have contributed to its development and ev…
Interviewing the Investigator
Instrumentation rigor and bias management are major challenges for qualitative researchers employing interviewing as a data generation method in their studies. A usual procedure for testing the quality of an interview protocol and for identifying potential researcher biases is the pilot study in which investigators try out their proposed methods to see if the planned procedures perform as envisioned by the researcher. Sometimes piloting is not pr…
Interviewing the Investigator
Instrumentation rigor and bias management are major challenges for qualitative researchers employing interviewing as a data generation method in their studies. A usual procedure for testing the quality of an interview protocol and for identifying potential researcher biases is the pilot study in which investigators try out their proposed methods to see if the planned procedures perform as envisioned by the researcher. Sometimes piloting is not pr…
Presenting Qualitative Data
After all the data have been collected and the analysis has been completed, the next major task for qualitative researchers is to re-present the study in the form of a paper or a lecture. The challenge of converting mounds of data and analysis can be quite overwhelming even for the experienced researcher. To help you with your efforts at presenting qualitative research in your papers and in your talks, I ask you to consider the following ideas: O…
Recursive Frame Analysis
To learn more about how others and I use and understand language in therapy and other such conversations, I have helped to lead a qualitative research project dedicated to the construction of a practical and useful way to "get closer to the talk."The system which has evolved in our project is called Recursive Frame Analysis (RFA) (Chenail, 1991).Created by Bradford Keeney (1991), RFA is a method for understanding and presenting conversations.Late…
Conducting Qualitative Data Analysis
In the first of a series of “how-to” essays on conducting qualitative data analysis, Ron Chenail points out the challenges of determining units to analyze qualitatively when dealing with text. He acknowledges that although we may read a document word-by-word or line-by-line, we need to adjust our focus when processing the text for purposes of conducting qualitative data analysis so we concentrate on meaningful, undivided entities or wholes as our…
A Grounded Theory of Inductive Qualitative Research Education
This paper reports on the first stage of a meta-study conducted by the authors on primary research published during the last thirty years that focused on discovering the experiences of students learning qualitative research. The authors carried out a meta-analysis of the findings of students’ experiences learning qualitative research included in twenty-five published articles. Using constructivist grounded theory to analyze the experience of thos…
A Recursive Frame Qualitative Analysis of MFT Progress Note Tipping Points
Creating and Using Learning Objects in Qualitative Research Education
Based upon the lessons learned and the educational materials generated from a doctoral course on qualitative data analysis, a group of doctoral students, their professor, and a linguistics consultant launched an on- going project to create a series of reusable learning objects designed to help other groups of students and professors learn how to analyze qualitative data. The results of the first six months of this project are shared, as the team …
Facilitating Coherence across Qualitative Research Papers
Bringing the various elements of qualitative research papers into coherent textual patterns presents challenges for authors and editors alike. Although individual sections such as presentation of the problem, review of the literature, methodology, results, and discussion may each be constructed in a sound logical and structural sense, the alignment of these parts into a coherent mosaic may be lacking in many qualitative research manuscripts. In t…
Conducting Qualitative Data Analysis
In the second of a series of “how-to” essays on conducting qualitative data analysis, Ron Chenail argues the process can best be understood as a metaphoric process. From this orientation he suggests researchers follow Kenneth Burke’s notion of metaphor and see qualitative data analysis as the analyst systematically considering the “this-ness” of the data from the “that-ness” of the qualitative abstraction drawn about the data. To make this metaph…
Keeping Things Plumb in Qualitative Research
As qualitative research projects are conceptualized and conducted, they can grow out of alignment as researchers make choices as to their Area of Curiosity, Mission Question, Data Collected, and Data Analysis. This phenomenon of being muddled is a natural, and sometimes necessary, part of the overall process. The important part of being in a muddle is to recognize it and to work to tidy it up. In this paper, a way to keep qualitative research pro…
A Case for Clinical Qualitative Research
For the most part, that which is called qualitative research has been developed, understood, and justified within scientific and quantitative contexts. Sharing common interests (e.g., description, interpretation, criticism, subjectivity, etc.) with this scientific qualitative research are two contrasting traditions of research and practice, which have originated and evolved in domains of inquiry other than science and technology, namely those met…
Qualitative Research and Clinical Work
In addressing possible juxtapositions of qualitative research and clinical practice in this essay, I will concentrate more on practical issues rather than with philosophical or epistemological concerns. This is not to deny the importance of these perspectives in conducting qualitative inquiry or therapy. My choice in narrowing my discussion to these "nuts and bolts" aspects is that the context for this paper, being this conference, explicitly sug…
Qualitative Research
It is always interesting to listen closely when someone says, "Qualitative research is..." or curious to read intently an article or book which prominently features "qualitative research" in the title, and then experience a strange, defamiliarization process as the words of the conversation, lecture, article, or book don't seem to fit your notion of what "qualitative research" is and isn't. Well, you are not alone in your confusion. As far as I k…
Bradford Keeney's Cybernetic Project and the Creation of Recursive Frame Analysis
YouTube as a Qualitative Research Asset
YouTube, the video hosting service, offers students, teachers, and practitioners of qualitative researchers a unique reservoir of video clips introducing basic qualitative research concepts, sharing qualitative data from interviews and field observations, and presenting completed research studies. This web-based site also affords qualitative researchers the potential avenue to share their reusable learning resources for all interested parties to …
Conducting Qualitative Data Analysis
In the third of a series of “how-to” essays on conducting qualitative data analysis, Ron Chenail examines the dynamic tensions within the process of qualitative data analysis that qualitative researchers must manage in order to produce credible and creative results. These tensions include (a) the qualities of the data and the qualitative data analysis of these qualities, (b) errors of deficiency and exuberance, (c) tacit and public knowledge, (d)…
Mentoring Qualitative Research Authors Globally
Authoring quality qualitative inquiry is a challenge for most researchers. A lack of local mentors can make writing even more difficult. To meet this need, The Qualitative Report ( TQR ) has helped authors from around the world develop their papers into published articles. TQR editorial team members will discuss the history of the journal, their philosophy of author development; manuscript development strategies; solutions for managing difference…
Recursive Frame Analysis
Recursive frame analysis (RFA), both a practical therapeutic tool and an advanced qualitative research method that maps the structure of therapeutic conversation, is introduced with a clinical case vignette. We present and illustrate a means of mapping metaphorical themes that contextualize the performance taking place in the room, recursively enacted to produce a lineal progression from an opening act to a closing act. RFA is offered to therapis…
Ericksonian Hypnotherapy Resemblances in Solution Focused Brief Therapy
Playbuilding as Qualitative Research
Joe Norris's book on playbuilding can cause readers to think quite differently about qualitative research and plays. His evocative text encourages researchers to engage their inner playwrights and to consider how we perform knowledge and how we mediate data in order to engender novel reactions from our research participants, readers, and ourselves
Utilizing Microsoft® Office to Produce and Present Recursive Frame Analysis Findings
Although researchers conducting qualitative descriptive studies, ethnographies, phenomenologies, grounded theory, and narrative inquiries commonly use computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) to manage their projects and analyses, investigators conducting discursive methodologies such as discourse or conversation analysis seem to find such software packages not as useful. In our work with Recursive Frame Analysis (RFA), a sys…
Learning to Appraise the Quality of Qualitative Research Articles
Helping beginning qualitative researchers critically appraise qualitative research articles is a common learning objective for introductory methodology courses. To aid students in achieving competency in appraising the quality of qualitative research articles, a multi-part activity incorporating the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme's (CASP) Making Sense of Evidence Tool: 10 Questions to Help You Make Sense of Qualitative Research to evaluate t…
Qualitative Researchers in the Blogosphere
Weblogs or blogs can provide qualitative researchers with a medium for expressing their thoughts and opinions on qualitative research methods and products as well as serving as the source of data for qualitative studies. Present examples serve as exemplary guides to the potential value of this virtual communication application
"Navigating the "Seven C's
It is important for researchers to establish a research posture (i.e., the relationship a researcher wants to have with his or her subject or other) (Wolcott, 1992) and making subsequent methodological choices in which all cohere and are consistent with the ascribed posture. By keeping things plumb in this manner, researchers can greatly increase the chances that their projects will be internally coherent and imminently more do-able than those st…
Sensemaking in Clinical Qualitative Research
When therapists research clinical populations or situations from a qualitative research perspective, their task is different from when researchers conduct their own clinical qualitative studies. With researchers, the study at hand may be their first time "in the field." For researchers in this situation it is easier to use qualitative methods such as grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) because there is a "tabula rasa" quality to this initial…
Journal Update
Speech: Tropical understandings of clinical talk (an introduction to the master tropes--metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony with reviews of George Lakoff's work on metaphor and Anthony Wilden's utilization of metaphor and metonymy in understanding human interaction). Researching Research and Therapy (Five subsections per issue):This section would present up-to-date and relevant information that researchers and clinicians would need in order…
Provocations for Researching Clinicians and Clinical Researchers
Qualitative Report by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]
Bradford Keeney's Cybernetic Project and the Creation of Recursive Frame Analysis
Special Afta Issue on Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research
It is always interesting to listen closely when someone says, "Qualitative research is..." or curious to read intently an article or book which prominently features "qualitative research" in the title, and then experience a strange, defamiliarization process as the words of the conversation, lecture, article, or book don't seem to fit your notion of what "qualitative research" is and isn't. Well, you are not alone in your confusion. As far as I k…
A Case for Clinical Qualitative Research
For the most part, that which is called qualitative research has been developed, understood, and justified within scientific and quantitative contexts. Sharing common interests (e.g., description, interpretation, criticism, subjectivity, etc.) with this scientific qualitative research are two contrasting traditions of research and practice, which have originated and evolved in domains of inquiry other than science and technology, namely those met…
Qualitative Research and Clinical Work
In addressing possible juxtapositions of qualitative research and clinical practice in this essay, I will concentrate more on practical issues rather than with philosophical or epistemological concerns. This is not to deny the importance of these perspectives in conducting qualitative inquiry or therapy. My choice in narrowing my discussion to these "nuts and bolts" aspects is that the context for this paper, being this conference, explicitly sug…
Internet News
Presenting Qualitative Data
After all the data have been collected and the analysis has been completed, the next major task for qualitative researchers is to re-present the study in the form of a paper or a lecture. The challenge of converting mounds of data and analysis can be quite overwhelming even for the experienced researcher. To help you with your efforts at presenting qualitative research in your papers and in your talks, I ask you to consider the following ideas: O…
New and Notable
Recursive Frame Analysis
To learn more about how others and I use and understand language in therapy and other such conversations, I have helped to lead a qualitative research project dedicated to the construction of a practical and useful way to "get closer to the talk."The system which has evolved in our project is called Recursive Frame Analysis (RFA) (Chenail, 1991).Created by Bradford Keeney (1991), RFA is a method for understanding and presenting conversations.Late…
Questionnaire for an Autobiographical Portrait of a Practicing Therapist and Researcher
Sensemaking in Clinical Qualitative Research
When therapists research clinical populations or situations from a qualitative research perspective, their task is different from when researchers conduct their own clinical qualitative studies. With researchers, the study at hand may be their first time "in the field." For researchers in this situation it is easier to use qualitative methods such as grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) because there is a "tabula rasa" quality to this initial…
Keeping Things Plumb in Qualitative Research
As qualitative research projects are conceptualized and conducted, they can grow out of alignment as researchers make choices as to their Area of Curiosity, Mission Question, Data Collected, and Data Analysis. This phenomenon of being muddled is a natural, and sometimes necessary, part of the overall process. The important part of being in a muddle is to recognize it and to work to tidy it up. In this paper, a way to keep qualitative research pro…
Research and Practice
In this multiply-authored account, five academicians discuss the connections between their work as clinicians and their clinical qualitative research. Each saw connections between practice and research, and each in her or his own domain of interest has found that practice informs research and research informs practice. This article also introduces three major types of qualitative clinical family research: conversational analysis, recursive frame …
"Navigating the "Seven C's
It is important for researchers to establish a research posture (i.e., the relationship a researcher wants to have with his or her subject or other) (Wolcott, 1992) and making subsequent methodological choices in which all cohere and are consistent with the ascribed posture. By keeping things plumb in this manner, researchers can greatly increase the chances that their projects will be internally coherent and imminently more do-able than those st…
A Recursive Frame Qualitative Analysis of MFT Progress Note Tipping Points
YouTube as a Qualitative Research Asset
YouTube, the video hosting service, offers students, teachers, and practitioners of qualitative researchers a unique reservoir of video clips introducing basic qualitative research concepts, sharing qualitative data from interviews and field observations, and presenting completed research studies. This web-based site also affords qualitative researchers the potential avenue to share their reusable learning resources for all interested parties to …
Interviewing the Investigator
Instrumentation rigor and bias management are major challenges for qualitative researchers employing interviewing as a data generation method in their studies. A usual procedure for testing the quality of an interview protocol and for identifying potential researcher biases is the pilot study in which investigators try out their proposed methods to see if the planned procedures perform as envisioned by the researcher. Sometimes piloting is not pr…
How to Read and Review a Book like a Qualitative Researcher
Reading a book with the intention of composing a review demands certain skills on the part of the reader that may differ when the goal of the read is for pleasure or scholarship. To help these reviewing readers to produce creative and useful review, the employment of qualitative research perspectives and procedures is suggested for reading books in a systematic matter leading to reviews that not only share the contents of the texts, but also tran…
Facilitating Coherence across Qualitative Research Papers
Bringing the various elements of qualitative research papers into coherent textual patterns presents challenges for authors and editors alike. Although individual sections such as presentation of the problem, review of the literature, methodology, results, and discussion may each be constructed in a sound logical and structural sense, the alignment of these parts into a coherent mosaic may be lacking in many qualitative research manuscripts. In t…
Ten Steps for Conceptualizing and Conducting Qualitative Research Studies in a Pragmatically Curious Manner
In a world of methodological pluralism and mixed-methods, qualitative researchers can take a pathway of pragmatic curiosity by exploring their research interests and the possible design and methodology choices to create studies that not only allow them to pursue their investigative curiosities, but also result in coherent and effective systems of procedural choices. Ten steps are offered for researchers to conceive and conduct qualitative researc…
Communicating Qualitative Analytical Results Following Grice's Conversational Maxims
Conducting qualitative research can be seen as a developing communication act through which researchers engage in a variety of conversations. Articulating the results of qualitative data analysis results can be an especially challenging part of this scholarly discussion for qualitative researchers. To help guide investigators through this difficult communicative process, the authors suggest Grice's (1989) Conversational Maxims of Quantity, Qualit…
Playbuilding as Qualitative Research
Joe Norris's book on playbuilding can cause readers to think quite differently about qualitative research and plays. His evocative text encourages researchers to engage their inner playwrights and to consider how we perform knowledge and how we mediate data in order to engender novel reactions from our research participants, readers, and ourselves
Utilizing Microsoft® Office to Produce and Present Recursive Frame Analysis Findings
Although researchers conducting qualitative descriptive studies, ethnographies, phenomenologies, grounded theory, and narrative inquiries commonly use computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) to manage their projects and analyses, investigators conducting discursive methodologies such as discourse or conversation analysis seem to find such software packages not as useful. In our work with Recursive Frame Analysis (RFA), a sys…
Sociology (52 works) · Qualitative research (49 works) · Psychology (40 works) · Social science (39 works) · Computer Science (37 works) · Epistemology (29 works) · Qualitative Research Methods and Applications (25 works) · Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics (19 works) · Philosophy (14 works) · Engineering (13 works)