Etsuo Uchida
Biographic Data
| ID | 6450170 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Etsuo Uchida |
| GIVEN NAMES | Etsuo |
| FAMILY NAME | Uchida |
| SIGNATURE | UCHIDA E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Waseda University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1104-6576 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 42 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Using Magnetic Susceptibilities of the Sandstone Blocks to Determine the Construction Period of the Revetment of the Surrounding Moat of the Angkor Wat Temple, Cambodia
In the Angkor monument located in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, temples surrounded by moats are commonly seen. However, examples of surrounding moats protected with stone blocks such as sandstone (gray to yellowish-brown sandstone) and laterite are not common. The surrounding moat of the Angkor Wat temple, representing the Angkor monument, is one of the few temples surrounded by a moat revetted with sandstone and laterite blocks. The Angkor Wat t…
Study on Stone Blocks Used for Resthouses Along the Northwest Royal Road Connecting Angkor in Cambodia and Phimai in Thailand Based on On-Site Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements and Chemical Composi…
The purpose of this paper was to identify the types of stone used in the “Resthouses” along the Northwest Royal Road connecting Angkor in Cambodia and Phimai in Thailand and to determine their sources through magnetic susceptibility measurements and chemical composition analyses. Laterite was the primary building material for the “Resthouses”, except for Pr. Ku Sila Khan in Thailand. Pr. Ku Sila Khan, located at the northernmost point of the Nort…
Siliceous Sandstones Used in Local Khmer Temples in Battambang, Ta Keo, and Kampong Cham Provinces, Cambodia
Siliceous sandstones used in Khmer temples such as the Prasat Basset, Wat Ek Phnom, and Phnom Banan temples in Battambang Province, Phnom Chisor and Ta Prohm temples in Ta Keo Province, and Wat Nokor Bachey temple in Kampong Cham Province in Cambodia were investigated in this study to determine the supply source of the siliceous sandstones used in these temples. Chemical composition analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted…
Non-destructive in-situ classification of sandstones used in the Angkor monuments of Cambodia using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer and magnetic susceptibility meter
The Angkor monuments were built between the 9th and 15th centuries using gray to yellowish brown sandstone, red sandstone, and greywacke, which are petrologically classified as feldspathic arenite, quartz arenite, and feldspathic to lithic wacke, respectively. Gray to yellowish brown sandstone was generally used in all of the Angkor monument temples. Red sandstone was used as the main building material in the Banteay Srei temple but was also occa…
The Sandstone Quarries of the Angkor Monuments in the Southeastern Foothills of Kulen Mountain
The Angkor monuments in Cambodia were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Site and consist of Buddhist or Hindu temples built mainly of sandstone and laterite. We surveyed the area around a 2 km east-west bank in Kulen Mountain’s southeastern foothills for Angkor’s sandstone quarries and confirmed 145 locations. Because the magnetic susceptibilities and size of sandstone blocks at Angkor changed systematically over time, we measured th…
Estimated Construction Order of the Major Shrines of Sambor Prei Kuk Based on an Analysis of Bricks
Sambor Prei Kuk is a predominantly brick monument complex identified as Ishanapura, the capital of the Chenla Dynasty, which reached the height of prosperity in the first half of the 7th century. In the east area of this ancient city, the religious area was formed by three temple complexes which are composed of brick shrines and a multiple number of smaller temples with single or a few shrines scattered in the area. One of the challenging issues …
Chemical Compositional Signatures of Constituent Minerals of Iron Slags and Ores from the Khmer Monuments
Iron slags and ores were collected from 22 sites (A to V) in Preah Khan of Kompong Svay, the area surrounding Phnom Daek, and the Angkor monuments. Iron ores were taken from two outcrops in Phnom Daek. The chemical compositions of fayalite and wüstite in the iron slags and magnetite in the iron ores were determined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. Cluster analysis and principal component analys…
Construction Sequence of the Koh Ker Monuments Constrained by the Chemical Composition and Magnetic Susceptibility of Its Bricks
Using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer and magnetic susceptibility meter, we measured fired bricks from nine temples (Prasat Thom, Prasat Damrei, Prasat Chamreh, Prasat Krachap, Prasat Kraham, Prasat Chen, Prasat Banteay Pir Chan, Prasat Chrap, and Prasat Pram) of the Koh Ker monuments, Cambodia. Based on cluster analysis of the chemical compositional data for Ti, Fe, Rb, Y, and Zr, as well as magnetic susceptibility data, the brick buildin…
Regional Differences in the Chemical Composition of Cuneiform Clay Tablets
To elucidate regional differences in the chemical composition of cuneiform clay tablets originating from Iraq and Turkey, chemical analysis was conducted using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers. The analysis included clay tablets from the 21 areas of Ur, Larsa, Lagash, Uruk, Umma, Adab, Drehem, Nippur, Kish, Borsippa, Dilbat, Babylon, Sippar, Nusi, Nimrud, Nineveh, Tell Brak, Tell Halaf, Boghazkoy, Kultepe, and Alalakh, currently stored in th…
Blackening of the Surfaces of Mesopotamian Clay Tablets Due to Manganese Precipitation
Blackening was observed on the surfaces of Mesopotamian clay tablets from Umma, Dilbat, Larsa, Ur, Babylon, Uruk, Sippar, and Nippur produced between the Third Dynasty of Ur and the Early Achaemenid Dynasty. Portable X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed that manganese was concentrated on the blackened surfaces. Rod-shaped materials with a length of 100 - 200 nm and a width of 30 nm were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope…
Consideration of the Construction Period of the Khmer Temples along the East Royal Road to Preah Khan of Kompong Svay and the Provenance of Sandstone Blocks Based on Their Magnetic Susceptibility
To the east of the Angkor monuments, there is a royal road that connects the Angkor area to provincial Khmer cities that include Beng Mealea and Preah Khan of Kompong Svay. Khmer buildings known as Temples d’étape and Fire Shrines are placed approximately every 15 km along this east royal road. In this paper, we investigate the magnetic susceptibility and other characteristics of the sandstone blocks used to construct these buildings in conjuncti…
A Reconsideration of the Construction Period of the Cruciform Terraces and the Elevated Causeways in the A ngkor Monuments, Based on the Magnetic Susceptibility of the Sandstone Blocks
In this paper, the construction period of the cruciform terraces with columns and the elevated causeways in the A ngkor monuments of C ambodia is reconsidered, based on the results of our investigation of magnetic susceptibility and other characteristics of sandstone blocks. From an art‐historical point of view, they are generally considered as modifications in the post‐ B ayon style period—the period during the reign of J ayavarman VIII (1243–95…
Quarries and transportation routes of Angkor monument sandstone blocks
Study on the Pigments in the Cruciform Gallery of Angkor Wat, Cambodia
In the cruciform gallery of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, red, orange, white and black pigments were widely painted on the surfaces of pillars, walls and friezes. The application sequence of the pigments is different from area to area. The following substances were confirmed from the pigments: hematite (laterite), minium, calcium oxalate hydrates (whewellite and weddellite), Pb–Cl compounds (cotunnite, laurionite and blixite), calcium phosphates (whitl…
Moisture content measurement and surface water absorption test in the inner gallery of Bayon for the conservation of the bas-relief
Provenance of the Sandstone Used in the Construction of the Khmer Monuments in Thailand
We investigated the sandstone used in the construction of the Khmer monuments situated upon and around the Khorat Plateau in north‐east Thailand in order to clarify the provenance. The sandstones of the 22 investigated Khmer monuments can be classified into three groups. The sandstone of Group 1 is lithic and is derived mainly from the Khok Kruat Formation. This group includes the sandstone used at Phimai, Phnom Wan, Muang Khaek etc. The sandston…
Consideration on the construction process and the sandstone quarries during the Angkor period based on the magnetic susceptibility
Salt weathering of sandstone at the Angkor monuments, Cambodia
Estimation of the construction period of Prasat Suor Prat in the Angkor monuments, Cambodia, based on the characteristics of its stone materials and the radioactive carbon age of charcoal fragments
The Construction Process of the Angkor Monuments Elucidated by the Magnetic Susceptibility of Sandstone
The Angkor monuments in Cambodia are mainly constructed of grey to yellowish‐brown sandstones. No differences in the constituent minerals and in the chemical composition of the sandstones have been confirmed among the monuments. However, we have found their magnetic susceptibility a useful parameter by which to distinguish them. The principal monuments of Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm, Preah Khan, Banteay Kdei and Bayon, constructed from the Angkor Wat pe…
Quarries and transportation routes of Angkor monument sandstone blocks
Consideration on the construction process and the sandstone quarries during the Angkor period based on the magnetic susceptibility
Salt weathering of sandstone at the Angkor monuments, Cambodia
Estimation of the construction period of Prasat Suor Prat in the Angkor monuments, Cambodia, based on the characteristics of its stone materials and the radioactive carbon age of charcoal fragments
The Construction Process of the Angkor Monuments Elucidated by the Magnetic Susceptibility of Sandstone
The Angkor monuments in Cambodia are mainly constructed of grey to yellowish‐brown sandstones. No differences in the constituent minerals and in the chemical composition of the sandstones have been confirmed among the monuments. However, we have found their magnetic susceptibility a useful parameter by which to distinguish them. The principal monuments of Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm, Preah Khan, Banteay Kdei and Bayon, constructed from the Angkor Wat pe…
Study on the Pigments in the Cruciform Gallery of Angkor Wat, Cambodia
In the cruciform gallery of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, red, orange, white and black pigments were widely painted on the surfaces of pillars, walls and friezes. The application sequence of the pigments is different from area to area. The following substances were confirmed from the pigments: hematite (laterite), minium, calcium oxalate hydrates (whewellite and weddellite), Pb–Cl compounds (cotunnite, laurionite and blixite), calcium phosphates (whitl…
Non-destructive in-situ classification of sandstones used in the Angkor monuments of Cambodia using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer and magnetic susceptibility meter
The Angkor monuments were built between the 9th and 15th centuries using gray to yellowish brown sandstone, red sandstone, and greywacke, which are petrologically classified as feldspathic arenite, quartz arenite, and feldspathic to lithic wacke, respectively. Gray to yellowish brown sandstone was generally used in all of the Angkor monument temples. Red sandstone was used as the main building material in the Banteay Srei temple but was also occa…
Provenance of the Sandstone Used in the Construction of the Khmer Monuments in Thailand
We investigated the sandstone used in the construction of the Khmer monuments situated upon and around the Khorat Plateau in north‐east Thailand in order to clarify the provenance. The sandstones of the 22 investigated Khmer monuments can be classified into three groups. The sandstone of Group 1 is lithic and is derived mainly from the Khok Kruat Formation. This group includes the sandstone used at Phimai, Phnom Wan, Muang Khaek etc. The sandston…
The Construction Process of the Angkor Monuments Elucidated by the Magnetic Susceptibility of Sandstone
The Angkor monuments in Cambodia are mainly constructed of grey to yellowish‐brown sandstones. No differences in the constituent minerals and in the chemical composition of the sandstones have been confirmed among the monuments. However, we have found their magnetic susceptibility a useful parameter by which to distinguish them. The principal monuments of Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm, Preah Khan, Banteay Kdei and Bayon, constructed from the Angkor Wat pe…
Estimation of the construction period of Prasat Suor Prat in the Angkor monuments, Cambodia, based on the characteristics of its stone materials and the radioactive carbon age of charcoal fragments
Consideration on the construction process and the sandstone quarries during the Angkor period based on the magnetic susceptibility
Salt weathering of sandstone at the Angkor monuments, Cambodia
Provenance of the Sandstone Used in the Construction of the Khmer Monuments in Thailand
We investigated the sandstone used in the construction of the Khmer monuments situated upon and around the Khorat Plateau in north‐east Thailand in order to clarify the provenance. The sandstones of the 22 investigated Khmer monuments can be classified into three groups. The sandstone of Group 1 is lithic and is derived mainly from the Khok Kruat Formation. This group includes the sandstone used at Phimai, Phnom Wan, Muang Khaek etc. The sandston…
Moisture content measurement and surface water absorption test in the inner gallery of Bayon for the conservation of the bas-relief
Quarries and transportation routes of Angkor monument sandstone blocks
Study on the Pigments in the Cruciform Gallery of Angkor Wat, Cambodia
In the cruciform gallery of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, red, orange, white and black pigments were widely painted on the surfaces of pillars, walls and friezes. The application sequence of the pigments is different from area to area. The following substances were confirmed from the pigments: hematite (laterite), minium, calcium oxalate hydrates (whewellite and weddellite), Pb–Cl compounds (cotunnite, laurionite and blixite), calcium phosphates (whitl…
Consideration of the Construction Period of the Khmer Temples along the East Royal Road to Preah Khan of Kompong Svay and the Provenance of Sandstone Blocks Based on Their Magnetic Susceptibility
To the east of the Angkor monuments, there is a royal road that connects the Angkor area to provincial Khmer cities that include Beng Mealea and Preah Khan of Kompong Svay. Khmer buildings known as Temples d’étape and Fire Shrines are placed approximately every 15 km along this east royal road. In this paper, we investigate the magnetic susceptibility and other characteristics of the sandstone blocks used to construct these buildings in conjuncti…
A Reconsideration of the Construction Period of the Cruciform Terraces and the Elevated Causeways in the A ngkor Monuments, Based on the Magnetic Susceptibility of the Sandstone Blocks
In this paper, the construction period of the cruciform terraces with columns and the elevated causeways in the A ngkor monuments of C ambodia is reconsidered, based on the results of our investigation of magnetic susceptibility and other characteristics of sandstone blocks. From an art‐historical point of view, they are generally considered as modifications in the post‐ B ayon style period—the period during the reign of J ayavarman VIII (1243–95…
Blackening of the Surfaces of Mesopotamian Clay Tablets Due to Manganese Precipitation
Blackening was observed on the surfaces of Mesopotamian clay tablets from Umma, Dilbat, Larsa, Ur, Babylon, Uruk, Sippar, and Nippur produced between the Third Dynasty of Ur and the Early Achaemenid Dynasty. Portable X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed that manganese was concentrated on the blackened surfaces. Rod-shaped materials with a length of 100 - 200 nm and a width of 30 nm were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope…
Regional Differences in the Chemical Composition of Cuneiform Clay Tablets
To elucidate regional differences in the chemical composition of cuneiform clay tablets originating from Iraq and Turkey, chemical analysis was conducted using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers. The analysis included clay tablets from the 21 areas of Ur, Larsa, Lagash, Uruk, Umma, Adab, Drehem, Nippur, Kish, Borsippa, Dilbat, Babylon, Sippar, Nusi, Nimrud, Nineveh, Tell Brak, Tell Halaf, Boghazkoy, Kultepe, and Alalakh, currently stored in th…
Construction Sequence of the Koh Ker Monuments Constrained by the Chemical Composition and Magnetic Susceptibility of Its Bricks
Using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer and magnetic susceptibility meter, we measured fired bricks from nine temples (Prasat Thom, Prasat Damrei, Prasat Chamreh, Prasat Krachap, Prasat Kraham, Prasat Chen, Prasat Banteay Pir Chan, Prasat Chrap, and Prasat Pram) of the Koh Ker monuments, Cambodia. Based on cluster analysis of the chemical compositional data for Ti, Fe, Rb, Y, and Zr, as well as magnetic susceptibility data, the brick buildin…
Estimated Construction Order of the Major Shrines of Sambor Prei Kuk Based on an Analysis of Bricks
Sambor Prei Kuk is a predominantly brick monument complex identified as Ishanapura, the capital of the Chenla Dynasty, which reached the height of prosperity in the first half of the 7th century. In the east area of this ancient city, the religious area was formed by three temple complexes which are composed of brick shrines and a multiple number of smaller temples with single or a few shrines scattered in the area. One of the challenging issues …
Chemical Compositional Signatures of Constituent Minerals of Iron Slags and Ores from the Khmer Monuments
Iron slags and ores were collected from 22 sites (A to V) in Preah Khan of Kompong Svay, the area surrounding Phnom Daek, and the Angkor monuments. Iron ores were taken from two outcrops in Phnom Daek. The chemical compositions of fayalite and wüstite in the iron slags and magnetite in the iron ores were determined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. Cluster analysis and principal component analys…
The Sandstone Quarries of the Angkor Monuments in the Southeastern Foothills of Kulen Mountain
The Angkor monuments in Cambodia were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Site and consist of Buddhist or Hindu temples built mainly of sandstone and laterite. We surveyed the area around a 2 km east-west bank in Kulen Mountain’s southeastern foothills for Angkor’s sandstone quarries and confirmed 145 locations. Because the magnetic susceptibilities and size of sandstone blocks at Angkor changed systematically over time, we measured th…
Non-destructive in-situ classification of sandstones used in the Angkor monuments of Cambodia using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer and magnetic susceptibility meter
The Angkor monuments were built between the 9th and 15th centuries using gray to yellowish brown sandstone, red sandstone, and greywacke, which are petrologically classified as feldspathic arenite, quartz arenite, and feldspathic to lithic wacke, respectively. Gray to yellowish brown sandstone was generally used in all of the Angkor monument temples. Red sandstone was used as the main building material in the Banteay Srei temple but was also occa…
Siliceous Sandstones Used in Local Khmer Temples in Battambang, Ta Keo, and Kampong Cham Provinces, Cambodia
Siliceous sandstones used in Khmer temples such as the Prasat Basset, Wat Ek Phnom, and Phnom Banan temples in Battambang Province, Phnom Chisor and Ta Prohm temples in Ta Keo Province, and Wat Nokor Bachey temple in Kampong Cham Province in Cambodia were investigated in this study to determine the supply source of the siliceous sandstones used in these temples. Chemical composition analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted…
Using Magnetic Susceptibilities of the Sandstone Blocks to Determine the Construction Period of the Revetment of the Surrounding Moat of the Angkor Wat Temple, Cambodia
In the Angkor monument located in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, temples surrounded by moats are commonly seen. However, examples of surrounding moats protected with stone blocks such as sandstone (gray to yellowish-brown sandstone) and laterite are not common. The surrounding moat of the Angkor Wat temple, representing the Angkor monument, is one of the few temples surrounded by a moat revetted with sandstone and laterite blocks. The Angkor Wat t…
Study on Stone Blocks Used for Resthouses Along the Northwest Royal Road Connecting Angkor in Cambodia and Phimai in Thailand Based on On-Site Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements and Chemical Composi…
The purpose of this paper was to identify the types of stone used in the “Resthouses” along the Northwest Royal Road connecting Angkor in Cambodia and Phimai in Thailand and to determine their sources through magnetic susceptibility measurements and chemical composition analyses. Laterite was the primary building material for the “Resthouses”, except for Pr. Ku Sila Khan in Thailand. Pr. Ku Sila Khan, located at the northernmost point of the Nort…
Archaeology (17 works) · Geology (15 works) · Geography (14 works) · Building materials and conservation (12 works) · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis (11 works) · Maritime and Coastal Archaeology (9 works) · Art (8 works) · Chemistry (7 works) · History (7 works) · Mineralogy (7 works)