C Raymond Knee
Biographic Data
| ID | 650305 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C Raymond Knee |
| GIVEN NAMES | C Raymond |
| FAMILY NAME | Knee |
| SIGNATURE | KNEE C R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Houston |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1842-3525 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 33 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 264 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 33 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Conceptualizing social media contingent self-esteem: Associations between echo chambers, contingent self-esteem, and problematic social media use
How social media influences users depends largely on motivations for its use and how the user interprets social media-facilitated interactions. Contingent self-esteem, a construct rooted in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), can account for differential effects, including addictive use. Three preregistered studies (ntotal = 822) derived social media contingent self-esteem (SMCSE) and examined the factor structure and associations with…
Reflections on a registered report replicating a body of dyadic cross‐sectional research
This article reflects on a new kind of registered report (RR) that replicated the work of an early career researcher. The research items targeted in this RR were peer‐reviewed, cross‐sectional, dyadic studies to which the first author of this RR had contributed. The findings being replicated are not noteworthy for their prestige or representativeness of the wider field. Instead, this method of replication may have several benefits and less desira…
Implicit theories of relationships and self-expansion: Implications for relationship functioning
Individuals hold implicit beliefs about the nature of romantic relationships. Growth beliefs are characterized by thoughts that romantic relationships can be cultivated over time, whereas destiny beliefs are characterized by thoughts that relationships are either meant to be or not. In the current research, we propose that individuals who hold strong growth beliefs (but not destiny beliefs) should be more likely to experience self-expansion, as t…
Let it go: Relationship autonomy predicts pro‐relationship responses to partner transgressions
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present research is to better understand how relationship autonomy-having more self-determined reasons for being committed to a relationship-contributes to pro-relationship responses to transgressions in romantic relationships (e.g., forgiveness and accommodation). METHOD: Study 1 employed a cross-sectional design (N = 350) and Study 2 used a weekly diary (N = 121) to test associations between relationship autonomy a…
Self-determination theory and intimate partner violence (IPV): Assessment of relationship causality orientations as predictors of IPV perpetration
An Actor–Partner Interdependence Model of Attachment and Need Fulfillment in Romantic Dyads
The present research tested the unique associations between attachment and basic psychological need fulfillment in relationships. Past research shows that anxious and avoidant attachment are associated with distinct patterns of relationship behaviors, wherein anxious attachment is related to excessive attention to the relationship and avoidant attachment is related to detachment from the relationship. Specifically, we explored the role of romanti…
Communication with former romantic partners and current relationship outcomes among college students
This research investigates individual and contextual differences underlying postdissolution friendships by considering communication with former romantic partners among individuals in new romantic relationships. Two studies demonstrate the prevalence, determinants, and implications of former partner communication for the current relationship. Study 1 showed that approximately 40% of individuals in relationships communicate with a former partner a…
Self-determined self-other overlap: Interacting effects on partners’ perceptions of support and well-being in close relationships
Not all ideals are equal: Intrinsic and extrinsic ideals in relationships
The ideal standards model suggests that greater consistency between ideal standards and actual perceptions of one's relationship predicts positive relationship evaluations; however, no research has evaluated whether this differs across types of ideals. A self‐determination theory perspective was derived to test whether satisfaction of intrinsic ideals buffers the importance of extrinsic ideals. Participants ( N = 195) in committed relationships d…
Who am I in it for? Interpersonal Goals and Secure Base Support
Research has proposed a model of relationships that highlights the importance of two interpersonal goals: compassionate and self-image. The present research explored the role of interpersonal goals in shaping secure base support in romantic relationships. Using a cross-sectional design, Study 1 found that compassionate and self-image goals are, respectively, associated with higher and lower secure base support provision for one's romantic partner…
Relationships can drive some to drink: Relationship-contingent self-esteem and drinking problems
How much and why individuals in romantic relationships drink alcohol may be a function of both personal and relational influences. The current research examined factors that predict vulnerability to health-related risky behavior (i.e., drinking to cope and drinking problems) in response to relationship difficulties. We consider the possibility that for individuals whose self-worth is contingently tied to the fluctuations of their relationship, fe…
Removing the Ego: Need Fulfillment, Self-Image Goals, and Self-Presentation
Self-determination theory suggests that fulfillment of basic psychological needs creates a sense of self-worth that is not contingent upon maintaining a particular self-image. Lower ego-involvement is theorized, in turn, to lead to more authentic interactions with others. The present research tests this assertion across two types of close relationships. In Study 1, participants reported how much a close friendship fulfills their basic psychologic…
Problematic alcohol use and marital distress: An interdependence theory perspective
This article reviews current literature examining problematic alcohol use and marital distress and introduces a new alcohol and marriage model within the theoretical framework of interdependence theory. Although marriage is generally associated with decreased heavy drinking and alcohol problems, many couples develop and maintain alcohol use disorders during committed relationships and marriage. When one person is affected by an alcohol use disord…
Sunscreen use among recreational cyclists: How intentions predict reported behavior
A nationwide survey measured 927 recreational cyclists' cognitions and perceptions about skin cancer risks, along with sun protection practices and predictors of sunscreen use while cycling. Multiple regressions evaluated associations between perceived costs, rewards, photoaging, self-efficacy and sunscreen use, and potential moderators of the associations between intentions and sunscreen use were examined. Results suggest that when cyclists see …
Low Trait Self‐Control Predicts Self‐Handicapping
Past research has shown that self‐handicapping stems from uncertainty about one's ability and self‐presentational concerns. The present studies suggest that low dispositional self‐control is also associated with self‐handicapping. In 3 studies ( N = 289), the association between self‐control and self‐handicapping was tested. Self‐control was operationalized as trait self‐control, whereas self‐handicapping was operationalized as trait self‐handica…
Relationship-contingent self-esteem and the ups and downs of romantic relationships
Relationship-contingent self-esteem (RCSE) emerges from perspectives on authenticity, need fulfillment, and relationship functioning and is an unhealthy form of self-esteem that depends on one's relationship. Four studies provided evidence of convergent, discriminant, incremental, and predictive validity for RCSE. Study 1 tested associations between RCSE and several conceptually related and unrelated constructs in multiple samples. In Study 2, th…
The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective
Self-determination theory posits 3 basic psychological needs: autonomy (feeling uncoerced in one's actions), competence (feeling capable), and relatedness (feeling connected to others). Optimal well-being results when these needs are satisfied, though this research has traditionally focused on individual well-being outcomes (e.g., E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 2000). Three studies examined the role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and w…
Self-determination and conflict in romantic relationships
Four studies examined associations between E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan's (1985, 2000) construct of autonomy, responses to relationship disagreements, and dissatisfaction after conflict. In Study 1, diary data showed that trait autonomy predicted relationship autonomy, which in turn predicted relative satisfaction after disagreements. In Study 2, trait autonomy predicted relationship autonomy, which was associated with less defensive and more unders…
Feeling Controlled and Drinking Motives Among College Students: Contingent Self-Esteem as a Mediator
This article presents an examination of college student drinking motives from a self-determination perspective. We predicted positive associations between controlled orientation (a chronic orientation toward pressures and experiencing a lack of choice in one's behaviors), and drinking as a means of regulating affect (enhancement and coping motives) and social approval (social rewards and conformity motives). Contingent self-esteem involves derivi…
Implicit Theories of Relationships: Orientations Toward Evaluation and Cultivation
Implicit theories of relationships (ITRs) influence goals, motivations, attributions, and behavior in romantic relationships. We developed a model of ITRs that draws from social cognition, motivation, and achievement literatures, and derived conceptual parallels and hypotheses with regard to relationships. It is proposed that ITRs reflect the belief component of a larger system of motivations and goals that can influence the degree to which peopl…
Self-determination and the consequences of social comparison
When the glass is half‐empty: Framing effects and evaluations of a romantic partner's attributes
Two studies examined how the framing of information influences evaluations of hypothetical relationships. Studies 1 ( n = 183) and 2 ( n = 247) examined how the framing of a hypothetical partner's attributes in gains or loss terms influences (a) impressions of the future success of the relationship and (b) the perceived importance of the partner's attributes. Generally, participants were less pessimistic about a relationship's future success when…
The Role of Identity in the Link between Relationship Thinking and Relationship Satisfaction
The link between a partner's thinking about the relationship and relationship satisfaction has been shown to be stronger for women than men. The main goal of this study was to examine the extent to which one's identity (rather than biological sex) moderates that link. In a survey of 238 couples (90 unmarried and 148 married), results indicated that, for unmarried couples, a general relational identity, or the tendency to see oneself in relation t…
A Nondefensive Personality: Autonomy and Control as Moderators of Defensive Coping and Self-Handicapping
Consequences of self-handicapping: Effects on coping, academic performance, and adjustment
The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective
Self-determination theory posits 3 basic psychological needs: autonomy (feeling uncoerced in one's actions), competence (feeling capable), and relatedness (feeling connected to others). Optimal well-being results when these needs are satisfied, though this research has traditionally focused on individual well-being outcomes (e.g., E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 2000). Three studies examined the role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and w…
Implicit theories of relationships: Assessment and prediction of romantic relationship initiation, coping, and longevity
Belief in romantic destiny holds that potential relationship partners are either meant for each other or they are not. As hypothesized, a longitudinal study of romantic relationships revealed that the relation between initial satisfaction and relationship longevity was stronger for those who believe in romantic destiny. In addition, belief in destiny was associated with avoidance coping strategies in dealing with relationship stressors, and with …
The Role of Identity in the Link between Relationship Thinking and Relationship Satisfaction
The link between a partner's thinking about the relationship and relationship satisfaction has been shown to be stronger for women than men. The main goal of this study was to examine the extent to which one's identity (rather than biological sex) moderates that link. In a survey of 238 couples (90 unmarried and 148 married), results indicated that, for unmarried couples, a general relational identity, or the tendency to see oneself in relation t…
Relationship-contingent self-esteem and the ups and downs of romantic relationships
Relationship-contingent self-esteem (RCSE) emerges from perspectives on authenticity, need fulfillment, and relationship functioning and is an unhealthy form of self-esteem that depends on one's relationship. Four studies provided evidence of convergent, discriminant, incremental, and predictive validity for RCSE. Study 1 tested associations between RCSE and several conceptually related and unrelated constructs in multiple samples. In Study 2, th…
Self-determination and conflict in romantic relationships
Four studies examined associations between E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan's (1985, 2000) construct of autonomy, responses to relationship disagreements, and dissatisfaction after conflict. In Study 1, diary data showed that trait autonomy predicted relationship autonomy, which in turn predicted relative satisfaction after disagreements. In Study 2, trait autonomy predicted relationship autonomy, which was associated with less defensive and more unders…
Implicit theories of relationships and self-expansion: Implications for relationship functioning
Individuals hold implicit beliefs about the nature of romantic relationships. Growth beliefs are characterized by thoughts that romantic relationships can be cultivated over time, whereas destiny beliefs are characterized by thoughts that relationships are either meant to be or not. In the current research, we propose that individuals who hold strong growth beliefs (but not destiny beliefs) should be more likely to experience self-expansion, as t…
Consequences of self-handicapping: Effects on coping, academic performance, and adjustment
A Nondefensive Personality: Autonomy and Control as Moderators of Defensive Coping and Self-Handicapping
Causality Orientations and the Disappearance of the Self-Serving Bias
Theoretical work (Deci & Ryan, 1987) has implicated causality orientations as potential moderators of defensive attributions. The present study examined whether autonomy and control orientations moderate the attributional tendency to take more responsibility for success than failure. We examined both additive and synergistic models of the effect of causality orientations on self-serving attributions. We found that this self-serving bias disappear…
Self-determined self-other overlap: Interacting effects on partners’ perceptions of support and well-being in close relationships
Relationships can drive some to drink: Relationship-contingent self-esteem and drinking problems
How much and why individuals in romantic relationships drink alcohol may be a function of both personal and relational influences. The current research examined factors that predict vulnerability to health-related risky behavior (i.e., drinking to cope and drinking problems) in response to relationship difficulties. We consider the possibility that for individuals whose self-worth is contingently tied to the fluctuations of their relationship, fe…
Hypothesis confirmation: The joint effect of positive test strategy and acquiescence response set
Hypothesis testers tend to ask hypothesis-consistent questions (i.e., they ask about features more likely under the hypothesis than under the alternative). Targets tend to acquiesce (i.e., they provide more yes than no answers). Because yes answers to hypothesis-consistent questions confirm the hypothesis being tested, hypothesis testers should generate hypothesis-confirming data. In the present study, naive hypothesis testers questioned naive ta…
Sunscreen use among recreational cyclists: How intentions predict reported behavior
A nationwide survey measured 927 recreational cyclists' cognitions and perceptions about skin cancer risks, along with sun protection practices and predictors of sunscreen use while cycling. Multiple regressions evaluated associations between perceived costs, rewards, photoaging, self-efficacy and sunscreen use, and potential moderators of the associations between intentions and sunscreen use were examined. Results suggest that when cyclists see …
Self-determination theory and intimate partner violence (IPV): Assessment of relationship causality orientations as predictors of IPV perpetration
The relation between overly positive self-evaluation and adjustment: A comment on Colvin, Block, and Funder (1995)
Mathematician's nightmare
Descartes’ Dream: The World According to Mathematics, by P. J. Davis and R. Hersh, Harvester Press, 1986, 288 pages, hb, £15.95
The excitement of science
The Science of Pleasure: Cosmos and Psyche in the Bourgeois World View, by Harvie Ferguson, London: Routledge, 1990, 364 pages, pb £12.99
Hypothesis confirmation: The joint effect of positive test strategy and acquiescence response set
Hypothesis testers tend to ask hypothesis-consistent questions (i.e., they ask about features more likely under the hypothesis than under the alternative). Targets tend to acquiesce (i.e., they provide more yes than no answers). Because yes answers to hypothesis-consistent questions confirm the hypothesis being tested, hypothesis testers should generate hypothesis-confirming data. In the present study, naive hypothesis testers questioned naive ta…
Beliefs m Realistic and Unrealistic Control: Assessment and Implications
Scales were constructed to measure perceived control over controllable events (realistic control) and perceived control over uncontrollable events (unrealistic control). Internal reliability, test‐retest reliability, and discriminant validity of both scales were adequate. Study 1 measured perceived personal control over hassles that judges rated on general controllability. For hassles very high in controllability, perceived personal control was r…
The relation between overly positive self-evaluation and adjustment: A comment on Colvin, Block, and Funder (1995)
C.R. Colvin, J. Block, and D.C. Funder (1995) calculated a self-enhancement index-the discrepancy between favorability of participants' self-ratings and favorability of others' ratings of the participants. They found that the index was negatively correlated with psychological adjustment. However, the discrepancy between self- and other-ratings cannot add to the variance accounted for once self-ratings and other-ratings are controlled for. Consequ…
Causality Orientations and the Disappearance of the Self-Serving Bias
Theoretical work (Deci & Ryan, 1987) has implicated causality orientations as potential moderators of defensive attributions. The present study examined whether autonomy and control orientations moderate the attributional tendency to take more responsibility for success than failure. We examined both additive and synergistic models of the effect of causality orientations on self-serving attributions. We found that this self-serving bias disappear…
The relation between overly positive self-evaluation and adjustment: A comment on Colvin, Block, and Funder (1995)
A Nondefensive Personality: Autonomy and Control as Moderators of Defensive Coping and Self-Handicapping
Consequences of self-handicapping: Effects on coping, academic performance, and adjustment
Implicit theories of relationships: Assessment and prediction of romantic relationship initiation, coping, and longevity
Belief in romantic destiny holds that potential relationship partners are either meant for each other or they are not. As hypothesized, a longitudinal study of romantic relationships revealed that the relation between initial satisfaction and relationship longevity was stronger for those who believe in romantic destiny. In addition, belief in destiny was associated with avoidance coping strategies in dealing with relationship stressors, and with …
The Role of Identity in the Link between Relationship Thinking and Relationship Satisfaction
The link between a partner's thinking about the relationship and relationship satisfaction has been shown to be stronger for women than men. The main goal of this study was to examine the extent to which one's identity (rather than biological sex) moderates that link. In a survey of 238 couples (90 unmarried and 148 married), results indicated that, for unmarried couples, a general relational identity, or the tendency to see oneself in relation t…
When the glass is half‐empty: Framing effects and evaluations of a romantic partner's attributes
Two studies examined how the framing of information influences evaluations of hypothetical relationships. Studies 1 ( n = 183) and 2 ( n = 247) examined how the framing of a hypothetical partner's attributes in gains or loss terms influences (a) impressions of the future success of the relationship and (b) the perceived importance of the partner's attributes. Generally, participants were less pessimistic about a relationship's future success when…
Implicit Theories of Relationships: Orientations Toward Evaluation and Cultivation
Implicit theories of relationships (ITRs) influence goals, motivations, attributions, and behavior in romantic relationships. We developed a model of ITRs that draws from social cognition, motivation, and achievement literatures, and derived conceptual parallels and hypotheses with regard to relationships. It is proposed that ITRs reflect the belief component of a larger system of motivations and goals that can influence the degree to which peopl…
Self-determination and the consequences of social comparison
Feeling Controlled and Drinking Motives Among College Students: Contingent Self-Esteem as a Mediator
This article presents an examination of college student drinking motives from a self-determination perspective. We predicted positive associations between controlled orientation (a chronic orientation toward pressures and experiencing a lack of choice in one's behaviors), and drinking as a means of regulating affect (enhancement and coping motives) and social approval (social rewards and conformity motives). Contingent self-esteem involves derivi…
Self-determination and conflict in romantic relationships
Four studies examined associations between E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan's (1985, 2000) construct of autonomy, responses to relationship disagreements, and dissatisfaction after conflict. In Study 1, diary data showed that trait autonomy predicted relationship autonomy, which in turn predicted relative satisfaction after disagreements. In Study 2, trait autonomy predicted relationship autonomy, which was associated with less defensive and more unders…
The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective
Self-determination theory posits 3 basic psychological needs: autonomy (feeling uncoerced in one's actions), competence (feeling capable), and relatedness (feeling connected to others). Optimal well-being results when these needs are satisfied, though this research has traditionally focused on individual well-being outcomes (e.g., E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 2000). Three studies examined the role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and w…
Relationship-contingent self-esteem and the ups and downs of romantic relationships
Relationship-contingent self-esteem (RCSE) emerges from perspectives on authenticity, need fulfillment, and relationship functioning and is an unhealthy form of self-esteem that depends on one's relationship. Four studies provided evidence of convergent, discriminant, incremental, and predictive validity for RCSE. Study 1 tested associations between RCSE and several conceptually related and unrelated constructs in multiple samples. In Study 2, th…
Low Trait Self‐Control Predicts Self‐Handicapping
Past research has shown that self‐handicapping stems from uncertainty about one's ability and self‐presentational concerns. The present studies suggest that low dispositional self‐control is also associated with self‐handicapping. In 3 studies ( N = 289), the association between self‐control and self‐handicapping was tested. Self‐control was operationalized as trait self‐control, whereas self‐handicapping was operationalized as trait self‐handica…
Removing the Ego: Need Fulfillment, Self-Image Goals, and Self-Presentation
Self-determination theory suggests that fulfillment of basic psychological needs creates a sense of self-worth that is not contingent upon maintaining a particular self-image. Lower ego-involvement is theorized, in turn, to lead to more authentic interactions with others. The present research tests this assertion across two types of close relationships. In Study 1, participants reported how much a close friendship fulfills their basic psychologic…
Problematic alcohol use and marital distress: An interdependence theory perspective
This article reviews current literature examining problematic alcohol use and marital distress and introduces a new alcohol and marriage model within the theoretical framework of interdependence theory. Although marriage is generally associated with decreased heavy drinking and alcohol problems, many couples develop and maintain alcohol use disorders during committed relationships and marriage. When one person is affected by an alcohol use disord…
Sunscreen use among recreational cyclists: How intentions predict reported behavior
A nationwide survey measured 927 recreational cyclists' cognitions and perceptions about skin cancer risks, along with sun protection practices and predictors of sunscreen use while cycling. Multiple regressions evaluated associations between perceived costs, rewards, photoaging, self-efficacy and sunscreen use, and potential moderators of the associations between intentions and sunscreen use were examined. Results suggest that when cyclists see …
Relationships can drive some to drink: Relationship-contingent self-esteem and drinking problems
How much and why individuals in romantic relationships drink alcohol may be a function of both personal and relational influences. The current research examined factors that predict vulnerability to health-related risky behavior (i.e., drinking to cope and drinking problems) in response to relationship difficulties. We consider the possibility that for individuals whose self-worth is contingently tied to the fluctuations of their relationship, fe…
Not all ideals are equal: Intrinsic and extrinsic ideals in relationships
The ideal standards model suggests that greater consistency between ideal standards and actual perceptions of one's relationship predicts positive relationship evaluations; however, no research has evaluated whether this differs across types of ideals. A self‐determination theory perspective was derived to test whether satisfaction of intrinsic ideals buffers the importance of extrinsic ideals. Participants ( N = 195) in committed relationships d…
Who am I in it for? Interpersonal Goals and Secure Base Support
Research has proposed a model of relationships that highlights the importance of two interpersonal goals: compassionate and self-image. The present research explored the role of interpersonal goals in shaping secure base support in romantic relationships. Using a cross-sectional design, Study 1 found that compassionate and self-image goals are, respectively, associated with higher and lower secure base support provision for one's romantic partner…
Psychology (33 works) · Social Psychology (30 works) · Developmental psychology (18 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (17 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (15 works) · Romance (12 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Autonomy (7 works) · Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports (7 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (7 works)