R Glenn Cummins
Biographic Data
| ID | 6745513 |
|---|---|
| NAME | R Glenn Cummins |
| GIVEN NAMES | R Glenn |
| FAMILY NAME | Cummins |
| SIGNATURE | CUMMINS R G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Texas Tech University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9626-0453 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 29 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 21 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Sports Reporting, Reporter Sex, and Perceived Credibility
Perceptual biases surrounding the credibility of female sports reporters has been a robust area of research for decades, taking on many methodological forms. One vein of this research has been experimental designs where reporter sex is systematically manipulated to examine impacts on perceived credibility. Despite remarkable similarities in overall study design, findings from these studies have been mixed, variably demonstrating biases against fe…
Years of Communication & Sport
Inspired by the regular reflections and suggestions for the future that regularly appear within Communication & Sport , this paper reports the result of a systematic review of a sample of articles from the first 10 vol of the journal to document the most common methods, forms of data employed, theoretical frameworks (and how they are applied), and nationality of author affiliation. Results reflect that the analysis of media texts, either qualitat…
Finding Teammates on a Messy Playing Field
Capping off a series of responses to a systematic review of 10 years of Communication & Sport , this essay underscores a few common observations and offers a few concluding thoughts on the “messy scholarly playing field” that may characterize scholarship within the journal. In an effort to better unify those exploring the nexus of communication and sport, this essay calls for greater effort to present our scholarship in a way that is accessible t…
Get the Story Straight
Generation Z looks to novel media, including podcasts, to learn of the latest scientific innovations. This study compared the use of logical-scientific (LSC) to narrative (NC) communication in science-based podcasts. Participants listened to a podcast featuring LSC and NC while continuously rating their interest in the podcast. The NC section of the podcast received a higher average interest rating than the logical-scientific section. The LSC sec…
Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments
In contrast to 2018, the 2021 Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments showed a decrease in undergraduate student enrollment in journalism and mass communication programs as well as decreases in the percentage of minority undergraduate and graduate students enrolled. In addition, it showed an increase in the percentage of programs reporting decreases in their operating budgets and increases in hiring freezes for faculty and staff. Th…
Selective Exposure and Exemplification within Sports Highlights
Selective exposure provides a useful lens for exploring how attention to competing information within exemplification theory (i.e., exemplars versus base-rate data) can impact viewing outcomes. Sports highlights reflect an ideal context for examining this selectivity, as exemplars are often presented concomitantly alongside base-rate measures of performance. To examine this selectivity, an experiment was conducted where viewers watched a series o…
The impact of visual sexual appeals on attention allocation within advertisements
To address a longstanding gap in the literature examining distraction effects resulting from the use of sexual appeals, a mixed-factors eye-tracking experiment (N = 108) was conducted to gauge how the use of sexual appeals in the form of partially clad, decorative female models impacts visual attention to competing ad components: model, product, advertising copy and the logo or brand. Findings suggest a visual distraction effect for ads containin…
The impact of domain-specific interest on exemplification effects in sports media
Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments
In contrast to previous years, enrollments in journalism and mass communication programs in the United States were relatively stable from 2015 to 2018. Although strategic communication sequences remained the most popular, the percentage of undergraduates enrolled in journalism sequences increased since the previous survey, whereas the percentage enrolled in strategic communication sequences decreased slightly. In addition, the demographic composi…
Does Oil and Goodwill Mix
The present study explores how oil and gas companies use Facebook to communicate about community-supporting initiatives and engage stakeholders. Drawing from the company–cause fit and social interactivity literature, we examined the type of message and the language used in company Facebook posts to elicit stakeholder engagement, as measured by the number of likes, shares, and comments. We content analyzed 953 Facebook posts from 12 companies feat…
Improving Visual Behavior Research in Communication Science
Eye tracking offers researchers an opportunity to collect an objective assessment of visual behavior. Visual behavior—referring broadly to metrics and measures of gaze positioning and movement—has been used to assess variables including exposure time, cognitive processing, prominence, and (visual) attention. Over the past decade, communication science researchers have increased their use of eye-tracking methods in published articles. During that …
A Missed Opportunity
In the current media landscape, organizations often communicate about science directly with publics through online channels rather than relying on journalist gatekeepers. Online platforms present organizations with the opportunity to participate in two-way communication in order to increase engagement with science. The present study examined how the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) utilizes social media to interact with publ…
A Reply to Lindsey, Herring, and Greenhalgh on “A Missed Opportunity
"A Reply to Lindsey, Herring, and Greenhalgh on “A Missed Opportunity?: NOAA’s Use of Social Media to Communicate Climate Science”." Environmental Communication, 12(2), pp. 287–288
Elevator Eyes” in Sports Broadcasting
Despite considerable research exploring female objectification in sports, researchers have not explored differences in how they are actually watched by audiences in terms of distribution of visual attention. Such differences can provide objective evidence of objectification by demonstrating a gender bias in terms of visual attention to female reporters’ bodies. This experiment ( N = 66) employs eye tracking to measure how much attention viewers a…
Communicating Local Climate Risks Online Through an Interactive Data Visualization
Literature suggests a need to develop climate communication tools that focus on the impacts of climate change at local scales to increase proximity and communicate the risks on a more personal level. However, the nature of raw climate projection data makes accessibility by the lay audience a challenge and necessitates the need for innovative technological approaches to its distribution. ClimateData.US was created as an interactive visualization t…
Differentiating Objective Sport Knowledge Versus Subjective Sport Fanship via a Test of Exemplification in Sport Media
Recognizing the need for a more nuanced measure of sport fanship, this study utilizes an experiment to better understand the construct of sport fanship, comparing a common sport fanship measure and an adapted, objective measure of sport knowledge. This experiment also extends exemplification theory into the novel context of sports media by examining how one individual difference—domain-specific knowledge and interest in the subject—influences per…
Mediated Intra-Audience Effects in the Appreciation of Broadcast Sports
Despite its ubiquitous presence in mediated sports, the influence of in-stadium crowd response on media audiences has escaped inquiry. Considerable evidence from both within and beyond the context of sports suggests that a co-spectator’s behavior can generate “intra-audience effects” that enhance perceptions of and response to game events. To test this in the context of broadcast sports, an experiment was conducted whereby participants provided m…
Reconceptualizing Address in Television Programming
Much scholarship has examined the parasocial bonds between audiences and media personalities. However, recent research differentiated between the development of parasocial relationships and the actual experience of parasocial interaction (EPSI) that can result from structural elements of a message such as style of address (Hartmann & Goldhoorn, 2011). This study presents an alternate conceptualization of style of address and employs an online ass…
Individual Differences in Selective Attention to Information Graphics in Televised Sports
Despite the ubiquitous presence of information graphics in sport telecasts, little research has explored how at-home spectators allocate attention to them or individual differences in selective attention. This study demonstrates two viewer characteristics that impact attention to information graphics in two excerpts from the 2012 World Series. Eye-tracking data reveal that although viewers universally attend to these graphics upon onset, those wi…
Re-presenting Sport
Scholars have asserted that instant replay profoundly impacted the practices and conventions of televising athletic competition. However, empirical explorations of how this technique impacts viewer response are scarce. This experiment was designed to fill this gap by exploring the relationship between instant replay, perceived violence, and enjoyment across both exciting and dull game play. Results suggest that replay impacts perceived violence s…
The Impact of Subjective Camera in Sports on Arousal and Enjoyment
Although scholars have generated much research examining enjoyment of mediated sports, much of it has failed to explore how visual production elements shape viewer response. This study examines the impact of one increasingly common technique, subjective camera, on viewer arousal and enjoyment of game play. Participants viewed multiple plays from a college football game that varied in excitatory potential as well as viewing angle. Game play viewed…
Improving Visual Behavior Research in Communication Science
Eye tracking offers researchers an opportunity to collect an objective assessment of visual behavior. Visual behavior—referring broadly to metrics and measures of gaze positioning and movement—has been used to assess variables including exposure time, cognitive processing, prominence, and (visual) attention. Over the past decade, communication science researchers have increased their use of eye-tracking methods in published articles. During that …
The Impact of Subjective Camera in Sports on Arousal and Enjoyment
Although scholars have generated much research examining enjoyment of mediated sports, much of it has failed to explore how visual production elements shape viewer response. This study examines the impact of one increasingly common technique, subjective camera, on viewer arousal and enjoyment of game play. Participants viewed multiple plays from a college football game that varied in excitatory potential as well as viewing angle. Game play viewed…
Re-presenting Sport
Scholars have asserted that instant replay profoundly impacted the practices and conventions of televising athletic competition. However, empirical explorations of how this technique impacts viewer response are scarce. This experiment was designed to fill this gap by exploring the relationship between instant replay, perceived violence, and enjoyment across both exciting and dull game play. Results suggest that replay impacts perceived violence s…
Elevator Eyes” in Sports Broadcasting
Despite considerable research exploring female objectification in sports, researchers have not explored differences in how they are actually watched by audiences in terms of distribution of visual attention. Such differences can provide objective evidence of objectification by demonstrating a gender bias in terms of visual attention to female reporters’ bodies. This experiment ( N = 66) employs eye tracking to measure how much attention viewers a…
Mediated Intra-Audience Effects in the Appreciation of Broadcast Sports
Despite its ubiquitous presence in mediated sports, the influence of in-stadium crowd response on media audiences has escaped inquiry. Considerable evidence from both within and beyond the context of sports suggests that a co-spectator’s behavior can generate “intra-audience effects” that enhance perceptions of and response to game events. To test this in the context of broadcast sports, an experiment was conducted whereby participants provided m…
Individual Differences in Selective Attention to Information Graphics in Televised Sports
Despite the ubiquitous presence of information graphics in sport telecasts, little research has explored how at-home spectators allocate attention to them or individual differences in selective attention. This study demonstrates two viewer characteristics that impact attention to information graphics in two excerpts from the 2012 World Series. Eye-tracking data reveal that although viewers universally attend to these graphics upon onset, those wi…
Differentiating Objective Sport Knowledge Versus Subjective Sport Fanship via a Test of Exemplification in Sport Media
Recognizing the need for a more nuanced measure of sport fanship, this study utilizes an experiment to better understand the construct of sport fanship, comparing a common sport fanship measure and an adapted, objective measure of sport knowledge. This experiment also extends exemplification theory into the novel context of sports media by examining how one individual difference—domain-specific knowledge and interest in the subject—influences per…
The Impact of Subjective Camera in Sports on Arousal and Enjoyment
Although scholars have generated much research examining enjoyment of mediated sports, much of it has failed to explore how visual production elements shape viewer response. This study examines the impact of one increasingly common technique, subjective camera, on viewer arousal and enjoyment of game play. Participants viewed multiple plays from a college football game that varied in excitatory potential as well as viewing angle. Game play viewed…
Re-presenting Sport
Scholars have asserted that instant replay profoundly impacted the practices and conventions of televising athletic competition. However, empirical explorations of how this technique impacts viewer response are scarce. This experiment was designed to fill this gap by exploring the relationship between instant replay, perceived violence, and enjoyment across both exciting and dull game play. Results suggest that replay impacts perceived violence s…
Reconceptualizing Address in Television Programming
Much scholarship has examined the parasocial bonds between audiences and media personalities. However, recent research differentiated between the development of parasocial relationships and the actual experience of parasocial interaction (EPSI) that can result from structural elements of a message such as style of address (Hartmann & Goldhoorn, 2011). This study presents an alternate conceptualization of style of address and employs an online ass…
Individual Differences in Selective Attention to Information Graphics in Televised Sports
Despite the ubiquitous presence of information graphics in sport telecasts, little research has explored how at-home spectators allocate attention to them or individual differences in selective attention. This study demonstrates two viewer characteristics that impact attention to information graphics in two excerpts from the 2012 World Series. Eye-tracking data reveal that although viewers universally attend to these graphics upon onset, those wi…
Mediated Intra-Audience Effects in the Appreciation of Broadcast Sports
Despite its ubiquitous presence in mediated sports, the influence of in-stadium crowd response on media audiences has escaped inquiry. Considerable evidence from both within and beyond the context of sports suggests that a co-spectator’s behavior can generate “intra-audience effects” that enhance perceptions of and response to game events. To test this in the context of broadcast sports, an experiment was conducted whereby participants provided m…
Communicating Local Climate Risks Online Through an Interactive Data Visualization
Literature suggests a need to develop climate communication tools that focus on the impacts of climate change at local scales to increase proximity and communicate the risks on a more personal level. However, the nature of raw climate projection data makes accessibility by the lay audience a challenge and necessitates the need for innovative technological approaches to its distribution. ClimateData.US was created as an interactive visualization t…
Differentiating Objective Sport Knowledge Versus Subjective Sport Fanship via a Test of Exemplification in Sport Media
Recognizing the need for a more nuanced measure of sport fanship, this study utilizes an experiment to better understand the construct of sport fanship, comparing a common sport fanship measure and an adapted, objective measure of sport knowledge. This experiment also extends exemplification theory into the novel context of sports media by examining how one individual difference—domain-specific knowledge and interest in the subject—influences per…
A Missed Opportunity
In the current media landscape, organizations often communicate about science directly with publics through online channels rather than relying on journalist gatekeepers. Online platforms present organizations with the opportunity to participate in two-way communication in order to increase engagement with science. The present study examined how the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) utilizes social media to interact with publ…
A Reply to Lindsey, Herring, and Greenhalgh on “A Missed Opportunity
"A Reply to Lindsey, Herring, and Greenhalgh on “A Missed Opportunity?: NOAA’s Use of Social Media to Communicate Climate Science”." Environmental Communication, 12(2), pp. 287–288
Elevator Eyes” in Sports Broadcasting
Despite considerable research exploring female objectification in sports, researchers have not explored differences in how they are actually watched by audiences in terms of distribution of visual attention. Such differences can provide objective evidence of objectification by demonstrating a gender bias in terms of visual attention to female reporters’ bodies. This experiment ( N = 66) employs eye tracking to measure how much attention viewers a…
Does Oil and Goodwill Mix
The present study explores how oil and gas companies use Facebook to communicate about community-supporting initiatives and engage stakeholders. Drawing from the company–cause fit and social interactivity literature, we examined the type of message and the language used in company Facebook posts to elicit stakeholder engagement, as measured by the number of likes, shares, and comments. We content analyzed 953 Facebook posts from 12 companies feat…
Improving Visual Behavior Research in Communication Science
Eye tracking offers researchers an opportunity to collect an objective assessment of visual behavior. Visual behavior—referring broadly to metrics and measures of gaze positioning and movement—has been used to assess variables including exposure time, cognitive processing, prominence, and (visual) attention. Over the past decade, communication science researchers have increased their use of eye-tracking methods in published articles. During that …
The impact of domain-specific interest on exemplification effects in sports media
Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments
In contrast to previous years, enrollments in journalism and mass communication programs in the United States were relatively stable from 2015 to 2018. Although strategic communication sequences remained the most popular, the percentage of undergraduates enrolled in journalism sequences increased since the previous survey, whereas the percentage enrolled in strategic communication sequences decreased slightly. In addition, the demographic composi…
The impact of visual sexual appeals on attention allocation within advertisements
To address a longstanding gap in the literature examining distraction effects resulting from the use of sexual appeals, a mixed-factors eye-tracking experiment (N = 108) was conducted to gauge how the use of sexual appeals in the form of partially clad, decorative female models impacts visual attention to competing ad components: model, product, advertising copy and the logo or brand. Findings suggest a visual distraction effect for ads containin…
Selective Exposure and Exemplification within Sports Highlights
Selective exposure provides a useful lens for exploring how attention to competing information within exemplification theory (i.e., exemplars versus base-rate data) can impact viewing outcomes. Sports highlights reflect an ideal context for examining this selectivity, as exemplars are often presented concomitantly alongside base-rate measures of performance. To examine this selectivity, an experiment was conducted where viewers watched a series o…
Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments
In contrast to 2018, the 2021 Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments showed a decrease in undergraduate student enrollment in journalism and mass communication programs as well as decreases in the percentage of minority undergraduate and graduate students enrolled. In addition, it showed an increase in the percentage of programs reporting decreases in their operating budgets and increases in hiring freezes for faculty and staff. Th…
Get the Story Straight
Generation Z looks to novel media, including podcasts, to learn of the latest scientific innovations. This study compared the use of logical-scientific (LSC) to narrative (NC) communication in science-based podcasts. Participants listened to a podcast featuring LSC and NC while continuously rating their interest in the podcast. The NC section of the podcast received a higher average interest rating than the logical-scientific section. The LSC sec…
Years of Communication & Sport
Inspired by the regular reflections and suggestions for the future that regularly appear within Communication & Sport , this paper reports the result of a systematic review of a sample of articles from the first 10 vol of the journal to document the most common methods, forms of data employed, theoretical frameworks (and how they are applied), and nationality of author affiliation. Results reflect that the analysis of media texts, either qualitat…
Finding Teammates on a Messy Playing Field
Capping off a series of responses to a systematic review of 10 years of Communication & Sport , this essay underscores a few common observations and offers a few concluding thoughts on the “messy scholarly playing field” that may characterize scholarship within the journal. In an effort to better unify those exploring the nexus of communication and sport, this essay calls for greater effort to present our scholarship in a way that is accessible t…
Sports Reporting, Reporter Sex, and Perceived Credibility
Perceptual biases surrounding the credibility of female sports reporters has been a robust area of research for decades, taking on many methodological forms. One vein of this research has been experimental designs where reporter sex is systematically manipulated to examine impacts on perceived credibility. Despite remarkable similarities in overall study design, findings from these studies have been mixed, variably demonstrating biases against fe…
Psychology (16 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Sports, Gender, and Society (9 works) · Media Influence and Health (8 works) · Political science (8 works) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (8 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Advertising (5 works) · Public Relations and Crisis Communication (5 works)