K F Parker
Biographic Data
| ID | 68879 |
|---|---|
| NAME | K F Parker |
| GIVEN NAMES | K F |
| FAMILY NAME | Parker |
| SIGNATURE | PARKER K F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Delaware |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0989-1797 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 424 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Protests, Racial Threat, and Social Control: How Does Protesting and Racial Threat Impact Different Types of Social Control?
Across the USA, Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests have brought attention to racial injustice and disparities in police action, including the use of lethal force. By situating BLM protests within racial resistance, and along with racial threat theory, the current study explores the influence of multiple indicators of racial and structural inequalities on racialized social control. Specifically, we offer a look at the impact of BLM protests and rac…
A neighborhood analysis of U.S homicide clearances in 50 cities: Examining race and disadvantage across neighborhood types
The Politics of Crime, Punishment and Justice: Exploring the Lived Reality and Enduring Legacies of the 1980s Radical Right
The life course paradigm brought a focus on continuity and change in offending across the entire life span to criminology. Early research evolved to capture individual-level variation and the events, experiences and opportunities that functioned to spur change and alter behavioural trajectories. Though the notion that ‘lives change in a changing society’ (Elder et al. 1994: 11) is fundamental to the life course paradigm, the principle of historic…
American Entrepreneur 1990-2010: Black Business Ownership as a Path Way Out of Poverty & Violence
Entrepreneurship is touted as a pathway to achieve economic mobility and this is particularly true among immigrants and Black Americans. There is little research on whether the rise in Black entrepreneuership is linked to the declining rates of violernce in urban areas, net of effects associated with the concentration of disadvantage. After generating two distinct measures of Black entrepreneurship using national-level business ownership data, we…
Firearms, policy, and intimate partner homicide: A structural and disaggregated examination of Black, Latina, and White female victimization
Intimate partner homicide (IPH) continues to be a form of violence disproportionately affecting women in the United States, and access to firearms can greatly increase the likelihood that intimate partner violence becomes lethal. In response to concerns about firearms violence and their prevalence in IPH incidents specifically, states have passed restrictive firearms laws and policies. In this study, we provide an analysis of female IPH victimiza…
Understanding Escalation Through Intimate Partner Homicide Narratives
The study aims to expand our understanding of escalation from intimate partner violence to intimate partner homicide (IPH) by exploring the known circumstances leading up to a lethal event. The study draws on qualitative data from law enforcement reports and coroner/medical examiner reports within the National Violent Death Reporting System to identify themes preceding and surrounding IPH incidents. Findings support the utility of risk assessment…
Race and Crime
This entry provides an overview of the racial disparities in both crime and criminal justice outcomes often documented in the race crime literature since the seminal publication of William Julius Wilson's book, The Truly Disadvantaged . Criminologists have linked these disparities to enduring inequalities and stratification in the United States, where blacks find themselves more often in disadvantaged communities, facing racism and differential e…
Chapter 14. Community Characteristics and Police Search Rates: Accounting for the Ethnic Diversity of Urban Areas in the Study of Black, White, and Hispanic Searches
This chapter examines the impact of community-level indicators on police search decisions in traffic stops involving White, Black, and Hispanic motorists using data from more than sixty-one thousand traffic stops in Miami-Dade County. In particular, it explores the impact of increased ethnic diversity, concentrated disadvantage, and residential characteristics on search decisions by police while controlling for other legal and extra-legal factors…
Chapter 17. Space, Place, and Immigration: New Directions for Research on Police Stops
Race and police killings: Examining the links between racial threat and police shootings of Black Americans
This study empirically examines recent race-specific police shootings and offers a theoretical test of racial threat arguments. Our analysis includes all aspects of threat – economic, political, and racial composition – when examining state-level counts of police shootings of Black citizens spanning 2014–2016. For comparison, police shootings of Whites were also analyzed. Significant findings for racial composition are reported across both races,…
Joblessness, Poverty, and Neighborhood Crime: Testing Wilson’s Assertions of Jobless Poverty
Political and public rhetoric often tout the detrimental effects of poverty and the stabilizing effects of jobs when discussing issues of crime and disorder. Several decades ago, William Julius Wilson proposed that while poverty has been a long-standing problem across U.S. cities, a “new urban poverty” associated with the massive disappearance of jobs may better explain neighborhood crime and violence. Although scholarship continues to theorize a…
Building Bridges: Linking Old Heads to Collective Efficacy in Disadvantaged Communities
Recent reports of police shootings and urban unrest have increased public awareness of the nonwhite experience in communities long plagued by disadvantage and racial inequality. Given current times, there is little research that examines how community residents maintain social ties and trust. Race relations literature finds that support and trust come from “old heads,” community residents who have a reputation of respect and serve as mentors. Alt…
American crime drops: Investigating the breaks, dips and drops in temporal homicide
Temporal changes in racial violence, 1980 to 2006: A latent trajectory approach
The Changing Urban Landscape: Interconnections Between Racial/Ethnic Segregation and Exposure in the Study of Race-Specific Violence Over Time
Objectives. We investigated how racial/ethnic shifts in the urban landscape influence race-specific violence by considering changes in the size of the Hispanic population, racial/ethnic contact, and racial segregation patterns. Methods. We used a time-series approach incorporating 4 decennial periods (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to determine whether racial/ethnic demographic changes in 144 US cities influenced White and Black homicide rates. Sour…
The African-American Entrepreneur–Crime Drop Relationship: Growing African-American Business Ownership and Declining Youth Violence
Although much of the urban violence literature focuses on the link between urban disadvantage and crime rates, in this article we explore the relationship between African-American entrepreneurship and rates of juvenile violence, net of the effects associated with labor market shifts and the concentration of disadvantage within these areas. That is, Black-owned businesses have increased considerably over time but have largely been neglected in the…
Homicide
This entry provides a definition of homicide and debates the two most widely used sources of homicide data, the Supplementary Homicide Reports ( SHR ) of the FBI 's Uniform Crime Reporting Program and mortality data from the Vital Statistics Division of the National Center for Health Statistics ( NCHS ). These data are then used to illustrate the changing nature of homicide offending in large US cities from 1976 to 2005, including a detailed acco…
Teasing out the effects of macro-conditions on race-specific male homicide rates: Do distinct predictors vary by racial group and over time
Understanding the Change in Male and Female Intimate Partner Homicide Over Time: A Policy-and Theory-Relevant Investigation
Research on intimate partner homicide has increased along with public awareness and policy responses toward domestic violence. The current study addresses the decline in gender-specific intimate partner homicides during a time marked by significant transformations in domestic violence legislation, including the enactment of the 1994 Violence Against Women’s Act. In an attempt to account for changes in intimate partner homicide during this time pe…
Heterogeneity in the rise and decline of city-level homicide rates, 1976-2005: A latent trajectory analysis
An Empirical Assessment of What We Know About Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: A Return to a Classic 20 Years Later
As the 20-year mark since the publication of an article by Kenneth C. Land, Patricia L. McCall, and Lawrence Cohen, “Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are There Any Invariances Across Time and Social Space?” approaches, the question that these scholars originally posed is raised again: Have researchers been able to identify a set of robust structural covariates that consistently predict crime rates? Subsequent to the publication of this pi…
Problems & Prospects Revisited: Bursik’s Mark on Chicago‐Style Criminology
It has been 20 years since Robert J. Bursik Jr. published his seminal article outlining some of the problems and prospects in the social disorganization perspective on crime and delinquency. In this study, we review the content of approximately 200 published articles that cite Bursik’s 1988 piece. These studies are systematically examined in terms of their efforts to overcome the problems and pursue the prospects that Bursik outlined. In addition…
Understanding gender-specific intimate partner homicide: A theoretical and domestic service-oriented approach
Concentrated Disadvantage, Traditional Male Role Models, and African‐american Juvenile Violence
In a stagnating urban economy, Elijah Anderson's (1999) Code of the Street depicts a disadvantaged environment where residents face high levels of joblessness, poverty, racial residential isolation, and family disruption. Anderson argues that the loss of job opportunities for African‐American men deprived younger generations of traditional male role models. That is, in a disadvantaged urban setting with a lack of male role models participating in…
The dynamic relationship between homicide rates and social, economic, and political factors from 1970 to 2000
Structural Conditions and Racial Homicide Patterns: A Look at the Multiple Disadvantages in Urban Areas
This research examines the differential effects of structural conditions on race‐specific victim and offender homicide rates in large U.S. cities in 1990. While structural theories of race relations and criminological explanations are reviewed, particular attention is given to those structural theories that highlight racial competition, economic and labor market opportunity, and racial segregation as essential for an examination of racially disag…
Racial Threat, Concentrated Disadvantage and Social Control: Considering the Macro‐level Sources of Variation in Arrests
Several studies have examined the relationship between racial threat (measured by the size of black population) and social control imposed on blacks, but evidence of this hypothesis has been mixed. Although dependency on percent black as the main indicator of racial threat in many studies has contributed to the inconsistency in findings, we argue that this literature has also neglected to consider other important conceptual and methodological iss…
Mobilizing Law in Urban Areas: The Social Structure of Homicide Clearance Rates
This research explores the utility of Black's theory of law for explaining differences in homicide clearance rates across large cities in the United States. Using insights from the social disorganization literature, we develop and evaluate hypotheses regarding homicide clearance rates and aggregate measures of stratification, morphology, culture, organization, and alternative social control. Our findings support the argument that the rate of clea…
Gender Role Ideology, Homophobia and Hate Crime: Linking Attitudes to Macro-Level Anti-Gay and Lesbian Hate Crimes
The relationship between traditional gender role ideology and homophobia has frequently been suggested in social science literature. Few studies, however, have empirically examined the relationship between these cultural conceptions, and far fewer studies have linked gender roles and homophobia to actual behaviors. This study fills a gap in the existing literature by incorporating attitudinal measures of gender role ideology and homophobia from t…
Race, Local Life Circumstances, and Criminal Activity
Objective . Life–course researchers suggest that changes in local life circumstances explain changes in criminal activity in adulthood. Although the extent to which local life circumstances propel offenders toward/away from criminal behavior is a subject of considerable debate, the issue of race has largely been ignored. The objective in this research is to incorporate race into a life–course perspective that examines the influence of changes in …
Concentrated Disadvantage, Traditional Male Role Models, and African‐american Juvenile Violence
In a stagnating urban economy, Elijah Anderson's (1999) Code of the Street depicts a disadvantaged environment where residents face high levels of joblessness, poverty, racial residential isolation, and family disruption. Anderson argues that the loss of job opportunities for African‐American men deprived younger generations of traditional male role models. That is, in a disadvantaged urban setting with a lack of male role models participating in…
The dynamic relationship between homicide rates and social, economic, and political factors from 1970 to 2000
The Changing Urban Landscape: Interconnections Between Racial/Ethnic Segregation and Exposure in the Study of Race-Specific Violence Over Time
Objectives. We investigated how racial/ethnic shifts in the urban landscape influence race-specific violence by considering changes in the size of the Hispanic population, racial/ethnic contact, and racial segregation patterns. Methods. We used a time-series approach incorporating 4 decennial periods (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to determine whether racial/ethnic demographic changes in 144 US cities influenced White and Black homicide rates. Sour…
Industrial Shift, Polarized Labor Markets and Urban Violence: Modeling the Dynamics Between the Economic Transformation and Disaggregated Homicide
Industrial restructuring marks the removal of a manufacturing and production‐based economy in urban areas, which had served as a catalyst in concentrating disadvantage and polarizing labor markets since the 1970s. Although scholars have established a relationship between concentrated disadvantage — poverty, joblessness, racial residential segregation — and urban violence in cross‐sectional studies, this literature has yet to estimate whether econ…
Heterogeneity in the rise and decline of city-level homicide rates, 1976-2005: A latent trajectory analysis
The African-American Entrepreneur–Crime Drop Relationship: Growing African-American Business Ownership and Declining Youth Violence
Although much of the urban violence literature focuses on the link between urban disadvantage and crime rates, in this article we explore the relationship between African-American entrepreneurship and rates of juvenile violence, net of the effects associated with labor market shifts and the concentration of disadvantage within these areas. That is, Black-owned businesses have increased considerably over time but have largely been neglected in the…
Women and Crime in Context: Examining the Linkages Between Patriarchy and Female Offending Across Space
This study explores the relationship between patriarchy indicators and female offending in the context of urban and rural areas. Few studies have examined how patriarchy and other structural predictors influence within-gender differences in female crime at the macro level. Using 2000 data, the authors offer multiple measures that tap public and private levels of patriarchy when examining types of female arrests across U.S. cities and small towns.…
How the West was One: Explaining the Similarities in Race-Specific Homicide Rates in the West and South
This research investigates the impact of structural conditions on rates of black and white homicide for different regions of the U.S. Particular attention is given to the claim that significant changes have occurred in regional patterns of homicide, shifting attention away from the South and toward the western region. Based on race-specific homicide rates for U.S. cities in 1990, our research provides statistical evidence of similarities in mean …
Building Bridges: Linking Old Heads to Collective Efficacy in Disadvantaged Communities
Recent reports of police shootings and urban unrest have increased public awareness of the nonwhite experience in communities long plagued by disadvantage and racial inequality. Given current times, there is little research that examines how community residents maintain social ties and trust. Race relations literature finds that support and trust come from “old heads,” community residents who have a reputation of respect and serve as mentors. Alt…
A Dynamic Model of Racial Competition, Racial Inequality, and Interracial Violence
Race relations and stratification literatures offer explicit expectations concerning interracial conflict. Causal arguments derived from these perspectives are examined in this study to explore their ability to explain interracial violence above and beyond criminological perspectives of economic deprivation and racial inequality. The vast majority of previous aggregate-level studies on violence are cross-sectional, ignoring the importance of a dy…
A Contextual Study of Racial Profiling: Assessing the Theoretical Rationale for the Study of Racial Profiling at the Local Level
In this article, the authors argue for the importance of a contextualized examination of racial profiling. Although the study of racial profiling has only begun, existing studies have typically examined this phenomenon at the state level and based on total population information gathered from high-patrol agencies. The authors argue that racial profiling is best understood within the spatial context of local areas rather than large geographical ar…
American crime drops: Investigating the breaks, dips and drops in temporal homicide
Understanding the Change in Male and Female Intimate Partner Homicide Over Time: A Policy-and Theory-Relevant Investigation
Research on intimate partner homicide has increased along with public awareness and policy responses toward domestic violence. The current study addresses the decline in gender-specific intimate partner homicides during a time marked by significant transformations in domestic violence legislation, including the enactment of the 1994 Violence Against Women’s Act. In an attempt to account for changes in intimate partner homicide during this time pe…
Teasing out the effects of macro-conditions on race-specific male homicide rates: Do distinct predictors vary by racial group and over time
Understanding gender-specific intimate partner homicide: A theoretical and domestic service-oriented approach
Tudor Silver-Gilt Dress-hooks: A New Class of Treasure Find in England
This paper combines a study of the typological, technological and constructional attributes of a sample of fifteen dress-hooks and cap-hooks, reported between 1998 and 2000 under the terms of the Treasure Act (1996), with a survey of contemporary pictorial sources, probate inventories and associated wills along with a trawl of ‘small wares’ in the records of the Goldsmiths' Company in order to assess the role of these accessories in vernacular dr…
Temporal changes in racial violence, 1980 to 2006: A latent trajectory approach
Exploring the Racial Discrimination and Competition Processes of Race-Specific Violence in the Urban Context
There has been increasing effort devoted to examining the linkages between urban disadvantage and race-specifi c violence in the sociological literature. Much of this literature has either focused on identifying the consequences of urban disadvantage on different racial groups, particularly as it relates to offending rates, or documenting the impact of labor market factors on intra-racial and inter-racial violence. While this literature advances …
Firearms, policy, and intimate partner homicide: A structural and disaggregated examination of Black, Latina, and White female victimization
Intimate partner homicide (IPH) continues to be a form of violence disproportionately affecting women in the United States, and access to firearms can greatly increase the likelihood that intimate partner violence becomes lethal. In response to concerns about firearms violence and their prevalence in IPH incidents specifically, states have passed restrictive firearms laws and policies. In this study, we provide an analysis of female IPH victimiza…
Understanding Escalation Through Intimate Partner Homicide Narratives
The study aims to expand our understanding of escalation from intimate partner violence to intimate partner homicide (IPH) by exploring the known circumstances leading up to a lethal event. The study draws on qualitative data from law enforcement reports and coroner/medical examiner reports within the National Violent Death Reporting System to identify themes preceding and surrounding IPH incidents. Findings support the utility of risk assessment…
Structural Conditions and Racial Homicide Patterns: A Look at the Multiple Disadvantages in Urban Areas
This research examines the differential effects of structural conditions on race‐specific victim and offender homicide rates in large U.S. cities in 1990. While structural theories of race relations and criminological explanations are reviewed, particular attention is given to those structural theories that highlight racial competition, economic and labor market opportunity, and racial segregation as essential for an examination of racially disag…
How the West was One: Explaining the Similarities in Race-Specific Homicide Rates in the West and South
This research investigates the impact of structural conditions on rates of black and white homicide for different regions of the U.S. Particular attention is given to the claim that significant changes have occurred in regional patterns of homicide, shifting attention away from the South and toward the western region. Based on race-specific homicide rates for U.S. cities in 1990, our research provides statistical evidence of similarities in mean …
Mobilizing Law in Urban Areas: The Social Structure of Homicide Clearance Rates
This research explores the utility of Black's theory of law for explaining differences in homicide clearance rates across large cities in the United States. Using insights from the social disorganization literature, we develop and evaluate hypotheses regarding homicide clearance rates and aggregate measures of stratification, morphology, culture, organization, and alternative social control. Our findings support the argument that the rate of clea…
Race, Local Life Circumstances, and Criminal Activity
Objective . Life–course researchers suggest that changes in local life circumstances explain changes in criminal activity in adulthood. Although the extent to which local life circumstances propel offenders toward/away from criminal behavior is a subject of considerable debate, the issue of race has largely been ignored. The objective in this research is to incorporate race into a life–course perspective that examines the influence of changes in …
Tudor Silver-Gilt Dress-hooks: A New Class of Treasure Find in England
This paper combines a study of the typological, technological and constructional attributes of a sample of fifteen dress-hooks and cap-hooks, reported between 1998 and 2000 under the terms of the Treasure Act (1996), with a survey of contemporary pictorial sources, probate inventories and associated wills along with a trawl of ‘small wares’ in the records of the Goldsmiths' Company in order to assess the role of these accessories in vernacular dr…
Exploring the Racial Discrimination and Competition Processes of Race-Specific Violence in the Urban Context
There has been increasing effort devoted to examining the linkages between urban disadvantage and race-specifi c violence in the sociological literature. Much of this literature has either focused on identifying the consequences of urban disadvantage on different racial groups, particularly as it relates to offending rates, or documenting the impact of labor market factors on intra-racial and inter-racial violence. While this literature advances …
Industrial Shift, Polarized Labor Markets and Urban Violence: Modeling the Dynamics Between the Economic Transformation and Disaggregated Homicide
Industrial restructuring marks the removal of a manufacturing and production‐based economy in urban areas, which had served as a catalyst in concentrating disadvantage and polarizing labor markets since the 1970s. Although scholars have established a relationship between concentrated disadvantage — poverty, joblessness, racial residential segregation — and urban violence in cross‐sectional studies, this literature has yet to estimate whether econ…
A Contextual Study of Racial Profiling: Assessing the Theoretical Rationale for the Study of Racial Profiling at the Local Level
In this article, the authors argue for the importance of a contextualized examination of racial profiling. Although the study of racial profiling has only begun, existing studies have typically examined this phenomenon at the state level and based on total population information gathered from high-patrol agencies. The authors argue that racial profiling is best understood within the spatial context of local areas rather than large geographical ar…
Racial Threat, Concentrated Disadvantage and Social Control: Considering the Macro‐level Sources of Variation in Arrests
Several studies have examined the relationship between racial threat (measured by the size of black population) and social control imposed on blacks, but evidence of this hypothesis has been mixed. Although dependency on percent black as the main indicator of racial threat in many studies has contributed to the inconsistency in findings, we argue that this literature has also neglected to consider other important conceptual and methodological iss…
A Dynamic Model of Racial Competition, Racial Inequality, and Interracial Violence
Race relations and stratification literatures offer explicit expectations concerning interracial conflict. Causal arguments derived from these perspectives are examined in this study to explore their ability to explain interracial violence above and beyond criminological perspectives of economic deprivation and racial inequality. The vast majority of previous aggregate-level studies on violence are cross-sectional, ignoring the importance of a dy…
Gender Role Ideology, Homophobia and Hate Crime: Linking Attitudes to Macro-Level Anti-Gay and Lesbian Hate Crimes
The relationship between traditional gender role ideology and homophobia has frequently been suggested in social science literature. Few studies, however, have empirically examined the relationship between these cultural conceptions, and far fewer studies have linked gender roles and homophobia to actual behaviors. This study fills a gap in the existing literature by incorporating attitudinal measures of gender role ideology and homophobia from t…
Women and Crime in Context: Examining the Linkages Between Patriarchy and Female Offending Across Space
This study explores the relationship between patriarchy indicators and female offending in the context of urban and rural areas. Few studies have examined how patriarchy and other structural predictors influence within-gender differences in female crime at the macro level. Using 2000 data, the authors offer multiple measures that tap public and private levels of patriarchy when examining types of female arrests across U.S. cities and small towns.…
Concentrated Disadvantage, Traditional Male Role Models, and African‐american Juvenile Violence
In a stagnating urban economy, Elijah Anderson's (1999) Code of the Street depicts a disadvantaged environment where residents face high levels of joblessness, poverty, racial residential isolation, and family disruption. Anderson argues that the loss of job opportunities for African‐American men deprived younger generations of traditional male role models. That is, in a disadvantaged urban setting with a lack of male role models participating in…
The dynamic relationship between homicide rates and social, economic, and political factors from 1970 to 2000
An Empirical Assessment of What We Know About Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: A Return to a Classic 20 Years Later
As the 20-year mark since the publication of an article by Kenneth C. Land, Patricia L. McCall, and Lawrence Cohen, “Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are There Any Invariances Across Time and Social Space?” approaches, the question that these scholars originally posed is raised again: Have researchers been able to identify a set of robust structural covariates that consistently predict crime rates? Subsequent to the publication of this pi…
Problems & Prospects Revisited: Bursik’s Mark on Chicago‐Style Criminology
It has been 20 years since Robert J. Bursik Jr. published his seminal article outlining some of the problems and prospects in the social disorganization perspective on crime and delinquency. In this study, we review the content of approximately 200 published articles that cite Bursik’s 1988 piece. These studies are systematically examined in terms of their efforts to overcome the problems and pursue the prospects that Bursik outlined. In addition…
Understanding gender-specific intimate partner homicide: A theoretical and domestic service-oriented approach
Understanding the Change in Male and Female Intimate Partner Homicide Over Time: A Policy-and Theory-Relevant Investigation
Research on intimate partner homicide has increased along with public awareness and policy responses toward domestic violence. The current study addresses the decline in gender-specific intimate partner homicides during a time marked by significant transformations in domestic violence legislation, including the enactment of the 1994 Violence Against Women’s Act. In an attempt to account for changes in intimate partner homicide during this time pe…
Heterogeneity in the rise and decline of city-level homicide rates, 1976-2005: A latent trajectory analysis
Teasing out the effects of macro-conditions on race-specific male homicide rates: Do distinct predictors vary by racial group and over time
Homicide
This entry provides a definition of homicide and debates the two most widely used sources of homicide data, the Supplementary Homicide Reports ( SHR ) of the FBI 's Uniform Crime Reporting Program and mortality data from the Vital Statistics Division of the National Center for Health Statistics ( NCHS ). These data are then used to illustrate the changing nature of homicide offending in large US cities from 1976 to 2005, including a detailed acco…
The Changing Urban Landscape: Interconnections Between Racial/Ethnic Segregation and Exposure in the Study of Race-Specific Violence Over Time
Objectives. We investigated how racial/ethnic shifts in the urban landscape influence race-specific violence by considering changes in the size of the Hispanic population, racial/ethnic contact, and racial segregation patterns. Methods. We used a time-series approach incorporating 4 decennial periods (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to determine whether racial/ethnic demographic changes in 144 US cities influenced White and Black homicide rates. Sour…
The African-American Entrepreneur–Crime Drop Relationship: Growing African-American Business Ownership and Declining Youth Violence
Although much of the urban violence literature focuses on the link between urban disadvantage and crime rates, in this article we explore the relationship between African-American entrepreneurship and rates of juvenile violence, net of the effects associated with labor market shifts and the concentration of disadvantage within these areas. That is, Black-owned businesses have increased considerably over time but have largely been neglected in the…
Temporal changes in racial violence, 1980 to 2006: A latent trajectory approach
Building Bridges: Linking Old Heads to Collective Efficacy in Disadvantaged Communities
Recent reports of police shootings and urban unrest have increased public awareness of the nonwhite experience in communities long plagued by disadvantage and racial inequality. Given current times, there is little research that examines how community residents maintain social ties and trust. Race relations literature finds that support and trust come from “old heads,” community residents who have a reputation of respect and serve as mentors. Alt…
Crime Patterns and Interventions (31 works) · Criminology (29 works) · Sociology (29 works) · Poison control (21 works) · Political science (21 works) · Homicide (20 works) · Psychology (20 works) · Medicine (19 works) · Geography (16 works) · Economics (15 works)