Óscar J Mújica
Biographic Data
| ID | 6999911 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Óscar J Mújica |
| GIVEN NAMES | Óscar J |
| FAMILY NAME | Mújica |
| SIGNATURE | MUJICA O J |
| AFFILIATIONS | World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2893-4206 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 33 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 33 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Drivers of health equity in the Americas
Neonatal mortality inequalities in Peru, 2007–2021
From 2007 to 2021, Peru achieved a decline in neonatal mortality, but pro-rich regional inequalities persisted, and the burden remained concentrated in highland regions. During the COVID-19 period, the downward trend continued while inequalities narrowed, in parallel with reductions in poverty and increases in health expenditure. These ecological findings highlight the importance of monitoring health inequalities alongside national averages to su…
Maternal mortality in Peru
Maternal mortality is a global public health priority, with the Sustainable Development Agenda and the Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas setting ambitious targets for its reduction by 2030. Despite progress in poverty reduction and increased life expectancy, Peru faces urgent health challenges, including persistently high maternal mortality, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To analyze maternal mortality trends and epidemiological ch…
La ética en la vigilancia de la salud pública
La vigilancia de la salud pública es esencial para proteger la salud de la población y abordar las inequidades en salud. Las Pautas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre la ética en la vigilancia de la salud pública son un marco ético internacional comprehensivo que ofrece orientación específica para las tareas de vigilancia y sus desafíos. Este artículo ilustra la vigencia de esta publicación para guiar la vigilancia en cuatro ámbitos pri…
Income inequality as a determinant of neonatal mortality in the Americas during 2000–2019
The analysis suggests that income inequality may be positively associated with the neonatal mortality rate in the Americas. Nonetheless, given the modest magnitude of the estimates and Gini values and trends during 2000-2019, the findings suggest a potential limited scope for redistributive policies to support reductions in neonatal mortality in the region. Thus, policies and interventions that address higher coverage and quality of services prov…
Neonatal mortality in countries of the Americas, 2000–2020
Objective. To analyze temporal trends and inequalities in neonatal mortality between 2000 and 2020, and to set neonatal mortality targets for 2025 and 2030 in the Americas. Methods. A descriptive ecological study was conducted using 33 countries of the Americas as units of analysis. Both the percentage change and average annual percentage change in neonatal mortality rates were estimated. Measurements of absolute and relative inequality based on …
No seguir ciegos a la equidad
La Región de las Américas ha experimentado históricamente desigualdades sociales enraizadas en el colonialismo, las cuales se reflejan y reproducen en el ámbito de la salud. La incursión de la pandemia de COVID-19 afectó a toda la Región, pero golpeó con mayor fuerza a los grupos socialmente más desaventajados, y agravó las inequidades en salud. Bajo la premisa que las pandemias no son fenómenos socialmente neutrales, en este informe especial se …
Inequalities in Violent Death across Income Levels among Young Males and Females in Countries of the Americas
Significant inequalities in violent death among young people seems to be in place across countries of the Americas, and they seem to be socially determined by both income and gender. These findings shed light on the epidemiology of violent death in young people and can inform priorities for regional public health action. However, further investigation is needed to confirm inequality patterns and to explore underlying mechanisms, age- and sex-spec…
Recent trends in maternal and child health inequalities in Latin America and the Caribbean
Although LAC countries are well placed in terms of current levels of health indicators compared to most low- and middle-income countries, important inequalities remain, and reversals are being observed in some areas. More targeted efforts and actions are needed in order to leave no one behind. Monitoring progress with an equity lens is essential, but this will require further investment in conducting surveys routinely
Scenarios of maternal mortality reduction by 2030 in the Americas
The dual challenge of reducing maternal mortality and abating its inequalities will demand hefty efforts from countries of the Americas. This remains true to their collective 2030 MMR target while leaving no one behind. These efforts should be mainly directed towards significantly speeding up the tempo of the MMR reduction and applying sensible progressivity, targeting on groups and territories with higher MMR and greater social vulnerabilities, …
La iniciativa Todas las Mujeres Todos los Niños brinda apoyo a los países de América Latina y el Caribe para reducir las desigualdades sociales en la salud
La iniciativa Todas las Mujeres Todos los Niños América Latina y el Caribe (EWEC-LAC, por su sigla en inglés) se estableció en el 2017 como un mecanismo interinstitucional regional. Coordina la implementación regional de la Estrategia Mundial para la Salud de la Mujer, el Niño y el Adolescente 2016-2030 en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), lo que incluye su adaptación a necesidades específicas de la Región, para poner fin a las muertes evitables,…
Desigualdades relacionadas con el ODS 3 en la salud de las mujeres, los niños y los adolescentes
Objetivos. Los países de América Latina y el Caribe han realizado importantes avances hacia la consecución de las metas del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible relacionado con la salud (ODS 3) a escala nacional. Sin embargo, persisten enormes desigualdades en salud en los países. Se presenta una línea de base de las desigualdades en salud en la región, contra la cual se puede monitorear el progreso hacia los ODS. Contexto. Se estudiaron 21 países d…
Desigualdades sociales en la mortalidad durante la Covid-19 en Lima y Callao
Leaving no one behind
Objectives. To present a methodology for the simultaneous setting of quantitative targets that reflect both an improvement in the national average of an indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3), as well as a reduction in its geographic inequality. Methods. A five-step algorithm was developed: (a) calculate the national average annual percent change (AAPC) for an SDG3 indicator; (b) normatively define geographic strata from the subnatio…
New Health Sciences Descriptors to classify and retrieve information on equity
The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) vocabulary establishes a unique and common language that allows the organization and facilitates the search and retrieval of technical and scientific literature on health available in the information sources of the Virtual Health Library. The DeCS, created by the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), a specialized center of the Pan American Health Organization/World Hea…
Sociedades justas
avalan a una organizacin o un producto especfico
Positividad real, falsa negatividad y omisión diagnóstica de infección Sars-CoV-2 en Perú
Just societies
Social inequalities and prevalence of depressive symptoms
Objective. To assess the association between intersectional disadvantage and clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS), describing the magnitude of social inequalities in the prevalence of symptoms among adult women in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. CSDS were assessed using the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale among a probability sample of 2 345 women from 18 – 65 years of age in 2014. CSDS…
Sociedades justas
Los importantes desafíos a la equidad en la salud en la Región de las Américas, como se detalla en el informe de la Comisión Independiente de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud sobre Equidad y Desigualdades en Salud en las Américas (1), fueron el impulso inicial para este número especial de la Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública sobre la equidad en la salud. En el informe Sociedades justas: equidad en la salud y vida digna se analizaba un…
Sin dejar a nadie atrás
Objetivos. Presentar una metodología para la formulación simultánea de metas cuantitativas que reflejen tanto la mejoría del promedio nacional de un indicador del tercer Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS3) como la reducción de su desigualdad geográfica. Métodos. Se definió un algoritmo en cinco pasos: a) cálculo del cambio porcentual anual promedio (CPAP) nacional para un indicador del ODS3; b) definición normativa de estratos geográficos a …
Nuevos Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud para clasificar y recuperar información sobre equidad
El vocabulario Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) establece un lenguaje único y común que permite la organización y facilita la búsqueda y recuperación de la literatura técnica y científica en salud disponible en las fuentes de información de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. El DeCS, creado por el Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME), un centro especializado de la Organización Panamericana de…
De la retórica a la acción
Health equity is a guiding principle for public health action. Its noble purpose is to build healthier, sustainable societies that are also more just and inclusive. This is reflected in the global commitment to " leave no one behind ", expressed in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, although none of the Agenda's 169 targets focuses on reducing health inequalities, either conceptually or quantitatively. Recognizing the urgency to go beyo…
The Pan American Health Organization-adapted Hanlon method for prioritization of health programs
Objectives. To document the underlying science of how the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) adapted the Hanlon method, which prioritizes disease control programs, to its wider range of program areas and used it to implement the PAHO Strategic Plan 2014 – 2019. Methods. In 2014, PAHO established a Strategic Plan Advisory Group (SPAG) with representatives from 12 Member States to work closely with the PAHO Technical Team to adapt the Hanlon m…
Countdown to 2030
No prominent works on this page.
Diseño razonado de muestras y captación de datos para la investigación sanitaria
Methods for measuring inequalities in health
Measuring health inequalities is indispensable for progress in improving the health situation in the Region of the Americas, where the analysis of average values is no longer sufficient. Analyzing health inequalities is a fundamental tool for action that seeks greater equity in health. There are various measurement methods, with differing levels of complexity, and choosing one rather than another depends on the objective of the study. The purpose…
Indices based on the notion of entropy for measuring social inequalities in health
As described in the scientific literature, indices used to measure social inequalities in health have positive features, but they also have shortcomings, depending on how they are applied. The objective of this article is to put forward and to demonstrate, in both theoretical and practical terms, the advantages of measurements of inequality based on the notion of entropy, which is well known in physics and in information theory. The article defin…
Los sistemas de información geográfica como herramienta para monitorear las desigualdades de salud
With this type of epidemiologic study using GISs at the local level of health services, it is easy to see how a health event and its risk factors behave at a specific period in time. It is also possible to identify patterns in the spatial distribution of risk factors and in these factors' potential impact on health. Using GISs in an appropriate way will make it easier to deliver more effective, equitable public health services
Salud, equidad y los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio
In September 2000 representatives of 189 countries met for the Millennium Summit, which the United Nations convened in New York City, and adopted the declaration that provided the basis for formulating the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The eight goals are part of a long series of initiatives that governments, the United Nations system, and international financial institutions have undertaken to reduce world poverty. Three of the eight goal…
Planificación de la preparación para la influenza pandémica
Failure to establish a contingency plan prior to a public health emergency can have catastrophic consequences. The threat of a new influenza pandemic has prompted countries to draft national strategic preparedness plans to prevent, mitigate, and recover from a potential influenza pandemic. This paper examines these preparations in Latin America and the Caribbean and describes potential scenarios of pandemic impact on the burden of mortality and o…
El programa epidat
Carga de enfermedad tuberculosa atribuible a la diabetes en población adulta de las Américas
Se realizó un estudio ecológico para estimar la carga de enfermedad tuberculosa incidente atribuible a la diabetes en la Región de las Américas. El tamaño poblacional, la prevalencia de diabetes y la incidencia de tuberculosis (TB) en la población adulta de cada país de 2013 se emplearon para estimar el riesgo atribuible poblacional porcentual, que ascendió a 16,8% (IC95%: 10,8%- 23,8%), lo que corresponde a 25 045 (16 050-35 741) casos incidente…
Countdown to 2030
De la retórica a la acción
Health equity is a guiding principle for public health action. Its noble purpose is to build healthier, sustainable societies that are also more just and inclusive. This is reflected in the global commitment to " leave no one behind ", expressed in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, although none of the Agenda's 169 targets focuses on reducing health inequalities, either conceptually or quantitatively. Recognizing the urgency to go beyo…
The Pan American Health Organization-adapted Hanlon method for prioritization of health programs
Objectives. To document the underlying science of how the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) adapted the Hanlon method, which prioritizes disease control programs, to its wider range of program areas and used it to implement the PAHO Strategic Plan 2014 – 2019. Methods. In 2014, PAHO established a Strategic Plan Advisory Group (SPAG) with representatives from 12 Member States to work closely with the PAHO Technical Team to adapt the Hanlon m…
Positividad real, falsa negatividad y omisión diagnóstica de infección Sars-CoV-2 en Perú
Just societies
Social inequalities and prevalence of depressive symptoms
Objective. To assess the association between intersectional disadvantage and clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS), describing the magnitude of social inequalities in the prevalence of symptoms among adult women in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. CSDS were assessed using the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale among a probability sample of 2 345 women from 18 – 65 years of age in 2014. CSDS…
Sociedades justas
Los importantes desafíos a la equidad en la salud en la Región de las Américas, como se detalla en el informe de la Comisión Independiente de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud sobre Equidad y Desigualdades en Salud en las Américas (1), fueron el impulso inicial para este número especial de la Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública sobre la equidad en la salud. En el informe Sociedades justas: equidad en la salud y vida digna se analizaba un…
Sin dejar a nadie atrás
Objetivos. Presentar una metodología para la formulación simultánea de metas cuantitativas que reflejen tanto la mejoría del promedio nacional de un indicador del tercer Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS3) como la reducción de su desigualdad geográfica. Métodos. Se definió un algoritmo en cinco pasos: a) cálculo del cambio porcentual anual promedio (CPAP) nacional para un indicador del ODS3; b) definición normativa de estratos geográficos a …
Nuevos Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud para clasificar y recuperar información sobre equidad
El vocabulario Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) establece un lenguaje único y común que permite la organización y facilita la búsqueda y recuperación de la literatura técnica y científica en salud disponible en las fuentes de información de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. El DeCS, creado por el Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (BIREME), un centro especializado de la Organización Panamericana de…
Desigualdades sociales en la mortalidad durante la Covid-19 en Lima y Callao
Leaving no one behind
Objectives. To present a methodology for the simultaneous setting of quantitative targets that reflect both an improvement in the national average of an indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3), as well as a reduction in its geographic inequality. Methods. A five-step algorithm was developed: (a) calculate the national average annual percent change (AAPC) for an SDG3 indicator; (b) normatively define geographic strata from the subnatio…
New Health Sciences Descriptors to classify and retrieve information on equity
The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) vocabulary establishes a unique and common language that allows the organization and facilitates the search and retrieval of technical and scientific literature on health available in the information sources of the Virtual Health Library. The DeCS, created by the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), a specialized center of the Pan American Health Organization/World Hea…
Sociedades justas
avalan a una organizacin o un producto especfico
La iniciativa Todas las Mujeres Todos los Niños brinda apoyo a los países de América Latina y el Caribe para reducir las desigualdades sociales en la salud
La iniciativa Todas las Mujeres Todos los Niños América Latina y el Caribe (EWEC-LAC, por su sigla en inglés) se estableció en el 2017 como un mecanismo interinstitucional regional. Coordina la implementación regional de la Estrategia Mundial para la Salud de la Mujer, el Niño y el Adolescente 2016-2030 en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), lo que incluye su adaptación a necesidades específicas de la Región, para poner fin a las muertes evitables,…
Desigualdades relacionadas con el ODS 3 en la salud de las mujeres, los niños y los adolescentes
Objetivos. Los países de América Latina y el Caribe han realizado importantes avances hacia la consecución de las metas del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible relacionado con la salud (ODS 3) a escala nacional. Sin embargo, persisten enormes desigualdades en salud en los países. Se presenta una línea de base de las desigualdades en salud en la región, contra la cual se puede monitorear el progreso hacia los ODS. Contexto. Se estudiaron 21 países d…
Inequalities in Violent Death across Income Levels among Young Males and Females in Countries of the Americas
Significant inequalities in violent death among young people seems to be in place across countries of the Americas, and they seem to be socially determined by both income and gender. These findings shed light on the epidemiology of violent death in young people and can inform priorities for regional public health action. However, further investigation is needed to confirm inequality patterns and to explore underlying mechanisms, age- and sex-spec…
Recent trends in maternal and child health inequalities in Latin America and the Caribbean
Although LAC countries are well placed in terms of current levels of health indicators compared to most low- and middle-income countries, important inequalities remain, and reversals are being observed in some areas. More targeted efforts and actions are needed in order to leave no one behind. Monitoring progress with an equity lens is essential, but this will require further investment in conducting surveys routinely
Political science (21 works) · Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology (15 works) · Global Maternal and Child Health (13 works) · Medicine (12 works) · Humanities (11 works) · Inequality (10 works) · Economics (8 works) · Healthcare Systems and Reforms (8 works) · Economic growth (7 works) · Philosophy (7 works)