Laura T Flannelly
Biographic Data
| ID | 7116358 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Laura T Flannelly |
| GIVEN NAMES | Laura T |
| FAMILY NAME | Flannelly |
| SIGNATURE | FLANNELLY L T |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Hawaii System |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 15 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Threats to the Internal Validity of Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research in Healthcare
The article defines, describes, and discusses the seven threats to the internal validity of experiments discussed by Donald T. Campbell in his classic 1957 article: history, maturation, testing, instrument decay, statistical regression, selection, and mortality. These concepts are said to be threats to the internal validity of experiments because they pose alternate explanations for the apparent causal relationship between the independent variabl…
The t -test
The t-test developed by William S. Gosset (also known as Student's t-test and the two-sample t-test) is commonly used to compare one sample mean on a measure with another sample mean on the same measure. The outcome of the t-test is used to draw inferences about how different the samples are from each other. It is probably one of the most frequently relied upon statistics in inferential research. It is easy to use: a researcher can calculate the …
Studying Associations in Health Care Research
This article discusses some of the types of relationships observed in healthcare research and depicts them in graphic form. The article begins by explaining two basic associations observed in chemistry and physics (Boyles' Law and Charles' Law), and illustrates how these associations are similar to curvilinear and linear associations, respectively, found in healthcare. Graphs of curvilinear associations include morbidity curves and survival and m…
Measures of Variability in Chaplaincy, Health Care, and Related Research
This article discusses statistical measures of variability in relation to measures of central tendency and levels of measurement. Three measures of variability used in healthcare research (the range, the interquartile range, and the standard deviation) are described and compared, including their uses and limitations. The article describes how each of the three measures is calculated, and it provides a step-by-step example of calculating the sums …
Operational Definitions in Research on Religion and Health
This article summarizes the historical development of operational definitions and discusses their application to research on religion and health, and their importance for research, in general. The diversity of religious concepts that have been operationalized is described, as well as the development of multi-dimensional self-report measures of religion specifically designed for use in health research. The operational definitions of a variety of h…
Independent, Dependent, and Other Variables in Healthcare and Chaplaincy Research
This article begins by defining the term variable and the terms independent variable and dependent variable, providing examples of each. It then proceeds to describe and discuss synonyms for the terms independent variable and dependent variable, including treatment, intervention, predictor, and risk factor, and synonyms for dependent variable, such as response variables and outcomes. The article explains that the terms extraneous, nuisance, and c…
Fundamentals of Measurement in Health Care Research
This article discusses levels of measurement and their application to research and practice in health care. The concept of levels of measurement was codified in a seminal article by S. S. Stevens in 1946 that defined four levels of measurement: nominal scales, which label and classify cases (objects and individuals) and assign them to categories; ordinal scales, which rank cases on some attribute; interval scales, which have equal intervals for m…
Defining Spiritual Care
An electronic search was conducted on Medline for the years 1980-2005 identified 101 journal articles with the words "spiritual care" in their title, the majority of which were from nursing journals. Content analysis performed on 28 articles judged to be most relevant yielded 250 unique descriptions of interventions, which were subsequently consolidated to form 66 discrete interventions. Twenty five professional chaplains rated each item on the d…
Nurses and Healthcare Chaplains
The collaborative relationship between nurses and chaplains in the health care setting is well documented. The authors review research findings including survey results demonstrating the importance of religion and spirituality in the general population and the importance of the religion and faith in people suffering illnesses. Nurses and physicians show marked differences in their attention to spiritual care as evidenced by nurses' higher rates o…
A systematic review of research on religion and spirituality in the Journal of Traumatic Stress
Comparison of Forced-Choice and Subjective Probability Scales Measuring Behavioral Intentions
Three surveys compared the accuracy of predictions based on forced-choice and subjective probability scales. The latter produced significantly more accurate election predictions and significantly reduced the percentage of undecided, or “Don't Know” responses, compared to forced-choice scales in all three surveys. Analysis indicates subjective probability scales decrease sampling error and confirms there is an inherent source of error in tradition…
Comparison of Forced-Choice and Subjective Probability Scales Measuring Behavioral Intentions
Three surveys compared the accuracy of predictions based on forced-choice and subjective probability scales. The latter produced significantly more accurate election predictions and significantly reduced the percentage of undecided, or "Don't Know" responses, compared to forced-choice scales in all three surveys. Analysis indicates subjective probability scales decrease sampling error and confirms there is an inherent source of error in tradition…
Opponents' Size Influences Maternal Aggression
20 female Long-Evans rats were tested for aggression on the day they gave birth. Only 30% of females tested with male intruders appreciably larger than themselves bit their opponents, and none showed offensive behaviors. By contrast, 80% of females tested with smaller males bit the intruders, and all of these used male-like offensive tactics. All attacked intruders exhibited defensive behavior, and all but one emitted ultrasonic vocalizations usu…
Comparison of Procedures Used to Induce Offensive Attack in Mice
Three groups of male mice ( n = 6 per group) were tested in a study of the effects of repeated exposure to an intruder, dangled opponents, and isolation on territorial aggression (offense). Daily home-cage tests with intruders produced significantly more offensive behavior than either of the other procedures commonly used to induce this type of attack in mice
Prolonged Suppressive Effects of Pain on Territorial Aggression in Mice
The effects of shock administered 1 hr. before aggression testing were compared to defeat, aggressive experience, or control procedures, using four groups of mice ( n = 10 per group). A single 5-min. defeat experience significantly decreased offense and increased defense while victory had little effect on subsequent territorial aggression (offense). Shock was similar to but not as potent as defeat in reducing offense
No prominent works on this page.
Prolonged Suppressive Effects of Pain on Territorial Aggression in Mice
The effects of shock administered 1 hr. before aggression testing were compared to defeat, aggressive experience, or control procedures, using four groups of mice ( n = 10 per group). A single 5-min. defeat experience significantly decreased offense and increased defense while victory had little effect on subsequent territorial aggression (offense). Shock was similar to but not as potent as defeat in reducing offense
Comparison of Procedures Used to Induce Offensive Attack in Mice
Three groups of male mice ( n = 6 per group) were tested in a study of the effects of repeated exposure to an intruder, dangled opponents, and isolation on territorial aggression (offense). Daily home-cage tests with intruders produced significantly more offensive behavior than either of the other procedures commonly used to induce this type of attack in mice
Opponents' Size Influences Maternal Aggression
20 female Long-Evans rats were tested for aggression on the day they gave birth. Only 30% of females tested with male intruders appreciably larger than themselves bit their opponents, and none showed offensive behaviors. By contrast, 80% of females tested with smaller males bit the intruders, and all of these used male-like offensive tactics. All attacked intruders exhibited defensive behavior, and all but one emitted ultrasonic vocalizations usu…
Comparison of Forced-Choice and Subjective Probability Scales Measuring Behavioral Intentions
Three surveys compared the accuracy of predictions based on forced-choice and subjective probability scales. The latter produced significantly more accurate election predictions and significantly reduced the percentage of undecided, or “Don't Know” responses, compared to forced-choice scales in all three surveys. Analysis indicates subjective probability scales decrease sampling error and confirms there is an inherent source of error in tradition…
Comparison of Forced-Choice and Subjective Probability Scales Measuring Behavioral Intentions
Three surveys compared the accuracy of predictions based on forced-choice and subjective probability scales. The latter produced significantly more accurate election predictions and significantly reduced the percentage of undecided, or "Don't Know" responses, compared to forced-choice scales in all three surveys. Analysis indicates subjective probability scales decrease sampling error and confirms there is an inherent source of error in tradition…
A systematic review of research on religion and spirituality in the Journal of Traumatic Stress
Nurses and Healthcare Chaplains
The collaborative relationship between nurses and chaplains in the health care setting is well documented. The authors review research findings including survey results demonstrating the importance of religion and spirituality in the general population and the importance of the religion and faith in people suffering illnesses. Nurses and physicians show marked differences in their attention to spiritual care as evidenced by nurses' higher rates o…
Defining Spiritual Care
An electronic search was conducted on Medline for the years 1980-2005 identified 101 journal articles with the words "spiritual care" in their title, the majority of which were from nursing journals. Content analysis performed on 28 articles judged to be most relevant yielded 250 unique descriptions of interventions, which were subsequently consolidated to form 66 discrete interventions. Twenty five professional chaplains rated each item on the d…
Operational Definitions in Research on Religion and Health
This article summarizes the historical development of operational definitions and discusses their application to research on religion and health, and their importance for research, in general. The diversity of religious concepts that have been operationalized is described, as well as the development of multi-dimensional self-report measures of religion specifically designed for use in health research. The operational definitions of a variety of h…
Independent, Dependent, and Other Variables in Healthcare and Chaplaincy Research
This article begins by defining the term variable and the terms independent variable and dependent variable, providing examples of each. It then proceeds to describe and discuss synonyms for the terms independent variable and dependent variable, including treatment, intervention, predictor, and risk factor, and synonyms for dependent variable, such as response variables and outcomes. The article explains that the terms extraneous, nuisance, and c…
Fundamentals of Measurement in Health Care Research
This article discusses levels of measurement and their application to research and practice in health care. The concept of levels of measurement was codified in a seminal article by S. S. Stevens in 1946 that defined four levels of measurement: nominal scales, which label and classify cases (objects and individuals) and assign them to categories; ordinal scales, which rank cases on some attribute; interval scales, which have equal intervals for m…
Measures of Variability in Chaplaincy, Health Care, and Related Research
This article discusses statistical measures of variability in relation to measures of central tendency and levels of measurement. Three measures of variability used in healthcare research (the range, the interquartile range, and the standard deviation) are described and compared, including their uses and limitations. The article describes how each of the three measures is calculated, and it provides a step-by-step example of calculating the sums …
Studying Associations in Health Care Research
This article discusses some of the types of relationships observed in healthcare research and depicts them in graphic form. The article begins by explaining two basic associations observed in chemistry and physics (Boyles' Law and Charles' Law), and illustrates how these associations are similar to curvilinear and linear associations, respectively, found in healthcare. Graphs of curvilinear associations include morbidity curves and survival and m…
Threats to the Internal Validity of Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research in Healthcare
The article defines, describes, and discusses the seven threats to the internal validity of experiments discussed by Donald T. Campbell in his classic 1957 article: history, maturation, testing, instrument decay, statistical regression, selection, and mortality. These concepts are said to be threats to the internal validity of experiments because they pose alternate explanations for the apparent causal relationship between the independent variabl…
The t -test
The t-test developed by William S. Gosset (also known as Student's t-test and the two-sample t-test) is commonly used to compare one sample mean on a measure with another sample mean on the same measure. The outcome of the t-test is used to draw inferences about how different the samples are from each other. It is probably one of the most frequently relied upon statistics in inferential research. It is easy to use: a researcher can calculate the …
Psychology (12 works) · Medicine (7 works) · Mathematics (6 works) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Statistics (5 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · Econometrics (4 works) · Health care (4 works) · Political science (4 works)