Bruce L Reynolds
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 736161 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Bruce L Reynolds |
| NOMBRES | Bruce L |
| APELLIDO | Reynolds |
| FIRMA | REYNOLDS B L |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Macau |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3984-2059 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 71 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 15 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 64 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 7 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1975 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Foreign Language Learning From Audiovisual Input
The proliferation of streaming platforms has significantly enhanced the accessibility of original version (OV) television, providing an unprecedented opportunity for second language (L2) learners to engage with authentic input. Yet, as Pattemore and Gesa emphasize in their timely edited volume, Foreign Language Learning from Audiovisual Input, the pedagogical potential of OV television across a wide range of linguistic features and languages rema…
Exploring the effects of teaching word families on the vocabulary learning of L1 Chinese EFL adolescents
The selection of lexical units for pedagogy and research has been a contentious issue in second language (L2) vocabulary studies; however, many investigations have lacked classroom-based research. This mixed-methods quasi-experimental study examined the effects of teaching word families on vocabulary acquisition among adolescent first-language (L1) Chinese English-as-a-foreign-language learners. The quantitative component employs a quasi-experime…
The effects of task type and word processing on incidental vocabulary learning
While research suggests that vocabulary learning through task completion is more effective than direct instruction, the underlying cause of this advantage—whether task involvement load (IL) or time spent on tasks—remains unclear. Extending the work of Hill and Laufer (2003, International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching , 41 , 87–106), this study examines the effects of IL and employs eye-tracking to investigate how time spent o…
L2 Self-Guides, Achievement Emotions, and Engagement in AI-Mediated Informal Digital Learning of English
Exploring the Role of Informal Digital English Learning in EFL Students' Communication Behaviour in Iran and Macau
A Systematic Review of Research Characteristics on the Construct Validity of the Pearson Test of English Academic
The construct validity of global‐scale language proficiency tests, such as the Pearson Test of English Academic (PTEA), is crucial for ensuring accurate measurement of underlying theoretical concepts. Despite a plethora of studies that address different aspects of construct validity of the PTEA, the results have been mixed. Using a systematic review approach, this study evaluated the features of 40 PTEA construct validity studies, focusing on the…
Navigating Tensions in Challenging Contexts
Integrating values into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching presents significant challenges for educators, especially in non‐Anglophone contexts. Despite the growing emphasis on value‐based instruction (VBI) in national education policies, limited understanding exists of how university EFL teachers perceive and emotionally respond to these ideological demands in practice. Drawing on cognitive‐appraisal theory and an ecological perspectiv…
The effects of focused and unfocused written corrective feedback and teacher instruction on L2 writers’ accuracy in using countable and uncountable nouns
The effects of individual differences on adolescent L1 Chinese EFL learners’ incidental vocabulary acquisition through extensive reading
Research on incidental vocabulary acquisition through extensive reading has focused largely on textual features, with limited attention to individual differences, particularly in exam-oriented secondary school contexts. This study investigated the effects of individual differences on incidental vocabulary acquisition among Chinese EFL secondary school learners. Using a quasi-experimental design, pretests, immediate posttests, and delayed posttest…
Language proficiency, vocabulary knowledge, and individual factors in predicting academic achievement
This study contributes to research on predictive validity by examining both linguistic factors (language proficiency and vocabulary knowledge) and individual factors (autonomous learning activities, language learning attitudes, and course perceptions) in predicting academic achievement in English-medium instruction (EMI) programmes in Vietnam, where standardised proficiency tests show limited predictive power. Data were collected from 105 undergr…
The Effects of Mobile, Gamified, and Paper Flashcards on Vocabulary and Collocation Learning in Young Language Learners
This study examined English vocabulary learning by using three types of flashcards: paper flashcards, non‐gamified mobile application (app) flashcards (i.e., digital flashcards), and gamified mobile app flashcards (i.e., gamified flashcards) in a privately owned language institute in Iran. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed‐methods design, we quantitatively and qualitatively assessed the impacts of mobile‐based flashcards in comparison to p…
Enhancing General and Academic L2 Writing Complexity Through Dialogue Journal Writing
Writing is crucial in tertiary education, yet enhancing the complexity of academic writing presents significant challenges for second language (L2) learners. This study explores the potential of dialogue journal writing (DJW), an interactive and low‐stress classroom activity, to enhance writing complexity among novice L2 writers. Employing a mixed‐methods research (MMR) design, we investigated the effects of DJW and learners' motivational beliefs…
The effectiveness of unfocused corrective feedback on second language student writers’ acquisition of English article, prepositional and verb tense usages
Unfocused corrective feedback is pivotal in second language (L2) writing instruction, yet its differential impacts on various linguistic elements remain underexplored in existing literature. The present study investigated the effectiveness of unfocused corrective feedback versus no corrective feedback in enhancing English article, prepositional, and verb tense accuracy among L2 student writers. Conducted over an 18-week period with 57 participant…
Informal and Incidental Second Language Vocabulary Learning
It is now widely acknowledged that the lion’s share of second language (L2) vocabulary knowledge is acquired informally or incidentally through learner-initiated exposure outside classrooms (Reynolds, 2023) [...]
Virtual companionship or flesh and blood
Exploring pre-service teachers’ beliefs and practices in a Macau English language teacher education program
The education programs for English language teachers have a significant impact on pre-service teachers, but few scholars have focused on how pre-service teachers plan and practice teaching to facilitate professional development within these programs. Based on this, this study purposively selected eight pre-service English teachers from a Teaching Reading and Writing course in Macau given their critical role in Macau’s multilingual education. Data…
The Interplay of Emotion Regulation, Resilience, and Teacher Identity
Understanding the psychological factors that contribute to teacher identity is crucial for developing effective teacher training and support programs. However, there is a notable lack of research focusing on the context of Chinese English teachers. This study, grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, employed a structural equation model to examine how emotion regulation and resilience predict teacher identity formation among 302 Chinese middle school…
A systematic review of English-as-a-foreign-language vocabulary learning activities for primary school students
For young learners of English as a foreign language (EFL), the initial acquisition of English vocabulary is crucial to English proficiency. This study conducted a systematic review of studies of primary school students’ EFL vocabulary learning to identify types of activities for learning new vocabulary. A total of 57 vocabulary learning activities from 22 studies were coded, yielding ten types of intentional and eight types of incidental learning…
Assessing English language learners’ collocation knowledge
Since collocation knowledge is integral to second language vocabulary depth, it necessitates a careful examination of various measurement approaches. To this end, the current paper provides an overview and evaluation of extant collocation measurements used in empirical studies on L2 English ( N = 153) published between 1980 and 2023 indexed in the SSCI, SCIE, AHCI, SCOPUS, and ERIC databases. Six instruments, seven item formats, and three other a…
Is foreign-language-based bilingualism linked to digital literacy among older adults
Timed second language writing performance
Automated writing evaluation (AWE) software has received much attention by researchers and practitioners as it has the potential of reducing the time necessary for providing second language (L2) students with written corrective feedback on their writing. While more practitioners are taking advantage of AWE affordances, research has indicated students engaged in untimed writing may still possess reservations about its usefulness as a feedback prov…
Beyond the Books
Informal English learning plays a crucial role in vocabulary learning, yet few scholars have explored the use of large language models for this purpose. In light of this, our study, integrating Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate factors influencing 568 Chinese English learners’ use of large language models for vocabulary lea…
The Use of Digital Technologies to Develop Young Children’s Language and Literacy Skills
This review was conducted to explore the use of digital technologies with young children in early childhood language and literacy education. It centers on peer-reviewed empirical journal articles published during the past two decades. An initial sample of refereed journal articles ( N = 631) was compiled from systematically searching the Web of Science Core Collection databases. Following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 89 articles were …
Exploring maternal perceptions of critical digital engagement practices in Iranian children
Limited studies exist that demonstrate the way that children show critical digital literacies such as expressing their voices through digital technologies at home. To explore this further, the present study draws on Mirra et al.’s framework (2018) to analyze the types of critical digital engagement with digital technologies. Critical digital engagement refers to different critical digital literacy practices used to achieve a particular goal such …
The impact of parent mediation on young children's home digital literacy practices and learning
Informal digital learning of English and EFL teachers’ job engagement
Is bilingualism linked to national identity? Evidence from a big data survey
10.1080/01434632.2022.2085282
Ecological factors affecting students' use of informal digital learning of English
Social participation and identity change during study abroad
An international experience usually influences language learners’ identity through social participation. This qualitative study examines a group of British students’ identity change in China. We conducted individual interviews and group discussions with eight participants. The analysis revealed that despite an outset perception of “otherness,” some students sought excitement and new experiences while others strengthened national identities. Stude…
Frequency in Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition Research
The most commonly examined variable in the growing body of literature on incidental second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition is frequency of exposure to target words. Earlier studies even ventured claims for minimum or optimal frequency of exposures needed in order for learners to acquire target words. More recent research addresses more nuanced questions with frequency still figuring prominently among the factors examined. In this article we …
Is foreign-language-based bilingualism linked to digital literacy among older adults
Effectiveness of Need-Based Teacher's Training Program to Enhance Online Teaching Quality
The COVID-19 pandemic drastically transformed the global education system forever. To sustain the education system, e-learning has been adopted as an alternative teaching-learning strategy in most countries. Due to this sudden transition, teachers had practically no time to prepare themselves for distance learning, especially in developing countries. Consequently, teachers faced numerous challenges while teaching online. The present study aimed t…
The learning effects of student-constructed word cards as homework for the adolescent English Language classroom
Land Reform in the People's Republic of China
Reform in China
This book includes every Supreme Court case relevant to gender and sexual equality from the Court's beginnings in 1787 to the end of the 1999/2000 term. It is a primary document reference book, organized topically in eight chapter civic and social rights and duties educational policies and instructions employment and careers sexual privacy and procreative rights morality and sexual ethics family gender and sexual orientation and other issues. Eve…
Frequency in Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition Research
The most commonly examined variable in the growing body of literature on incidental second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition is frequency of exposure to target words. Earlier studies even ventured claims for minimum or optimal frequency of exposures needed in order for learners to acquire target words. More recent research addresses more nuanced questions with frequency still figuring prominently among the factors examined. In this article we …
Towards a Model of Advanced Learners’ Vocabulary Acquisition
Development of vocabulary is one of the fundamental elements for second language acquisition; it is important to meaning transfer and successful communication as well (Barcroft 2004). The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to investigate to what extent the characteristics of vocabulary affect Taiwanese English language majors’ second-language vocabulary acquisition and retention. This research builds upon similar research conducte…
The effects of word form variation and frequency on second language incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether frequency of occurrence and the level of morphological form variation (i.e., none , inflectional , and derivational ) exhibited by target words might interact to affect incidental acquisition through reading. An intact class of English as a foreign language learners ( n =32) was given a copy of an unmodified 37,611-token English novel containing 49 target nonce words to read within two weeks. A…
A Mixed‐Methods Approach to Investigating First‐ and Second‐Language Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition Through the Reading of Fiction
Adult English‐L1 ( n = 20) and English‐L2 ( n = 32) experimental groups were given a novel containing nonce words to read within two weeks to investigate whether the reading of fiction can induce a state of incidental vocabulary acquisition. After reading, an unexpected meaning recall translation assessment measuring acquisition of 49 target nonce words was administered, followed by an open‐response reflective questionnaire. Assessment results in…
Troublesome English translations of Taiwanese dishes
Almost every Taiwanese university has some form of an English Department, some with straightforward names (e.g., Department of English) and some with ambiguous names (e.g., Department of Applied Languages). The so-called ‘Applied Courses’ are in fact English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses covering a range of Business and Tourism topics. While pursuing my doctorate I taught these courses as an adjunct lecturer in several universities. This ex…
I. S. Paul Nation
With the development of electronic-corpora and lexical analysis tools, the accessibility to make word lists from spoken and written materials has become much easier. Nation, inspired by his experience in developing the British National Corpus (BNC)/the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) lists, the largest available lists of word families, and motivated by the discrepancy between the need to develop new word lists and underdeveloped me…
The effects of integrating goal setting and reading strategy instruction on English reading proficiency and learning motivation
An English as a Foreign Language (EFL) reading class was transformed by integrating goal setting with reading strategy instruction for one academic year. This intervention class was compared to a traditionally taught class to determine whether any differences in terms of motivation towards learning English and reading proficiency would be found. The goals set by the intervention class were analyzed to determine (1) whether they were met and (2) w…
A mixed methods study of “English Corners” funded by the Taiwan Ministry of Education “Program for Promoting Teaching Excellence of Universities”
This investigation explored Taiwanese university students’ and professors’ perceptions of the effectiveness of “English Corner” in improving second language ability. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected through student attendee questionnaires ( n =256); teaching logs ( n =2); and teaching excellence university professor questionnaires ( n =70). Item analysis and factor analysis was conducted to uncover factors affecting students’ perce…
The learning effects of student-constructed word cards as homework for the adolescent English Language classroom
Which Elements Matter? Constructing Word Cards for English Vocabulary Growth
An English reading class of 10th graders ( N = 50) was asked to self-construct English word cards for unknown vocabulary incidentally encountered when completing textbook readings. The students were assigned this task to determine what linguistic and nonlinguistic elements they would self-select to include on the cards and whether the appearance of those particular self-selected elements affect English vocabulary growth. Learners’ second language…
The origin and impact of an ESL teacher’s beliefs on curriculum design
Teachers in institutions of higher education have a very high degree of freedom when designing curricula. They make decisions on learning objectives, content, content organization, teaching arrangement, and assessment. Teachers’ beliefs regarding curriculum design affect decision-making and planning processes, teaching approaches, and their relationships with students. This study aimed to examine the role beliefs played in influencing an English …
Exploring Pre-service Pre-primary EFL Teacher Beliefs about Teaching English to Very Young Learners
Research on the beliefs of pre-service and in-service English teachers at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels has provided useful knowledge to teacher education curriculum designers. However, the beliefs of pre-service pre-primary English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers have not been addressed. Thus, a case study was conducted in one pre-primary education program at a public university in the Macau Special Administrative Region of Ch…
Listening and Speaking for Real-World Communication
Even though standardized international communication tests have been frequently studied, very little research has explored how teachers planned listening and speaking classroom assessments or which classroom-based tests were more beneficial for teaching real-world English communication. A qualitative inquiry was undertaken to investigate these assessment issues among five English as foreign language teachers and 24 of their students through the c…
The effect of lexical coverage on L2 learners’ reading comprehension of narrative and expository genres
Situated incidental vocabulary acquisition
Researchers investigating the incidental acquisition of vocabulary through reading have often required participants to read in controlled classroom or lab environments. This method delimits reading to short texts read in one sitting and fashions an anomalous reading context (i. e. not mimicking ecologically valid extensive reading situations). To investigate whether the physical reading context affects incidental vocabulary acquisition, an empiri…
Sustained Content Language Teaching
Instructional settings (English as a second language (ESL) and English as a foreign language (EFL)) may provide different opportunities for learners’ meaningful language use. This qualitative study was designed to shed light on this issue. The data included multiple sources collected from a sustained content gastronomy language course taught in an American ESL and a Taiwanese EFL context. Findings revealed that various factors (e.g., themes, envi…
Unpacking the Perceived Personal and Contextual Conditions Shaping English Language Teachers’ Professional Identity Formation in Secondary Schools
It is crucial for teachers to become aware of and understand their professional identity as this has implications for their day-to-day professional practices. Teachers who are more aware of their professional identities are more willing to endure thwarting contextual conditions by adjusting their identities. However, presently most teachers seem to overlook their professional identity while they often tend to associate the poor quality education …
A Local Alternative to Global Wholesale Online Schooling during Covid-19
Given the shutdown of the schools worldwide thanks to COVID-19 pandemic hit early in 2020, there had been, for a while, a mounting global concern over continuing education and averting children’s learning loss. Paying heed to that concern, many nations across the world transitioned to online education as a wholesale alternative approach to emergency schooling. However, online schooling was no single panacea specially for those developing countrie…
English Textbook Selection in Taiwan
This qualitative case study explores the experiences of two book sales representatives when introducing textbooks to university English teachers in Taiwan. The participants were two experienced book sales representatives working for two large book companies. Analysis of semistructured interviews showed that the two sales representatives had considerable influence on teachers’ decision-making concerning textbook evaluation and selection. These two…
Status of ICT Integration in Secondary Schools
The purpose of this study was to explore the status of information and communication technology integration in Dire Dawa City Administration secondary schools’ curriculum. The study was conducted using a survey design. A total of 563 respondents (374 students and 189 teachers), four school supervisors, and 12 school principals and vice principals were selected using systematic random and purposive sampling techniques from the eight secondary scho…
The Effects of Lexical Coverage and Topic Familiarity on the Comprehension of L2 Expository Texts
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A Duoethnography of a Chinese Pre-Service Teacher's Encounters with Young Learner Spelling Errors in the English Classroom
A large body of research has indicated that young second language (L2) learners often have problems with spelling, such as letter omission and mis-ordering. To give due attention to this issue, a duoethnographic study was undertaken by two researchers from different language education backgrounds. The data were collected by way of 18 conversations (86,213-word transcription). These transcribed conversations were then reconstructed in order to acc…
Effectiveness of Need-Based Teacher's Training Program to Enhance Online Teaching Quality
The COVID-19 pandemic drastically transformed the global education system forever. To sustain the education system, e-learning has been adopted as an alternative teaching-learning strategy in most countries. Due to this sudden transition, teachers had practically no time to prepare themselves for distance learning, especially in developing countries. Consequently, teachers faced numerous challenges while teaching online. The present study aimed t…
Psychology (51 obras) · Mathematics education (33 obras) · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning (32 obras) · Second Language Acquisition and Learning (29 obras) · Computer Science (28 obras) · Linguistics (28 obras) · Pedagogy (22 obras) · Second Language Learning and Teaching (21 obras) · Vocabulary (20 obras) · Sociology (13 obras)