Paul Pollard
Biographic Data
| ID | 758378 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul Pollard |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul |
| FAMILY NAME | Pollard |
| SIGNATURE | POLLARD P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Lancashire |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 11 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 23 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 11 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Sexual Violence Against Women
Sexual Violence Against Women - 1 - Characteristics of typical perpetrators
The scripting of male and female rape
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how male and female rape is scripted. Design/methodology/approach In total, 100 (50 male, 50 female) participants were asked to write down in their own words what they considered to be the typical rape when the victim was either an adult male or female. Findings Results revealed that men's and women's rape scripts did not dramatically differ, though several differences were revealed between male…
A comparative study of long‐term psychological functioning in male survivors of stranger and acquaintance rape
The aim of the present study was to compare psychological functioning in male rape survivors who had been raped either by strangers or acquaintances, and to test differences between the functioning of gay versus heterosexual survivors. Thirty-eight male rape survivors completed a range of measures relating to their perceptions about the nature of the effects of their assault, their general health, self-esteem and world assumptions. Results reveal…
Likelihood of Acquaintance Rape as a Function of Males' Sexual Expectations, Disappointment, and Adherence to Rape-Conducive Attitudes
Past research has found that individual differences in both attitudinal and situational variables may be associated with males' likelihood of acquaintance rape (LAR). The present research was conducted to examine the predictive value of both attitudinal and situational factors on males' likelihood of forcing a female acquaintance to have non-consensual sexual intercourse. In Study 1, male and female respondents (Rs) were presented with a scenario…
Judgements about victims and attackers in depicted rapes
This paper reviews the effects on subjects' judgements of a variety of factors that have been included in experimental depictions of rape. The focus is on attribution of responsibility or fault to the victim or attacker and related judgements, particularly regarding guilt and sanctions. Generally, females make more pro‐victim judgements than do males, and people with non‐traditional sex‐role attitudes make more pro‐victim judgements than do holde…
On the probability of making Type I errors
A statistical test leads to a Type I error whenever it leads to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true. The probability of making a Type I error can be characterized in the following three ways: the conditional prior probability (the probability of making a Type I error whenever a true null hypothesis is tested), the overall prior probability (the probability of making a Type I error across all experiments), and the conditional p…
Prior beliefs and statistical inference
This research aims to resolve an apparent paradox between findings in the literatures on statistical judgement and deductive reasoning. In the former, a tendency to ignore base‐rates has often been interpreted as a failure to take account of Bayesian ‘prior’ probabilities. On the other hand there is evidence that prior beliefs influence deductive inferences when they are formally irrelevant. In this paper two experiments are reported in which sub…
On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning
The effects of prior beliefs in reasoning
Van Duyne (1976) reports that the subjects' performance on the Wason selection task is biased by their prior belief in the truth of the rule with which they are reasoning. Specifically, the subjects are reported as reasoning more logically if they believe the rule to be 'sometimes true' rather than 'always true'. Van Duyne's analysis rests, however, upon an interpretation of the subjects' verbal justifications; a reanalysis of his data shows no e…
Intuitive judgments of proportions, means, and variances
Recent investigations of intuitive statistical inference have been far less optimistic regarding man’s ability as an “intuitive statistician” than were Peterson and Beach in 1967. Work on judgments of variance and central tendency formed a significant part of Peterson and Beach’s review but is now regarded as peripheral. Work in this area is discussed in this review and it is concluded that it yields some understanding of the Peterson and Beach v…
Jamaicans and Trinidadians in North London
Likelihood of Acquaintance Rape as a Function of Males' Sexual Expectations, Disappointment, and Adherence to Rape-Conducive Attitudes
Past research has found that individual differences in both attitudinal and situational variables may be associated with males' likelihood of acquaintance rape (LAR). The present research was conducted to examine the predictive value of both attitudinal and situational factors on males' likelihood of forcing a female acquaintance to have non-consensual sexual intercourse. In Study 1, male and female respondents (Rs) were presented with a scenario…
On the probability of making Type I errors
A statistical test leads to a Type I error whenever it leads to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true. The probability of making a Type I error can be characterized in the following three ways: the conditional prior probability (the probability of making a Type I error whenever a true null hypothesis is tested), the overall prior probability (the probability of making a Type I error across all experiments), and the conditional p…
A comparative study of long‐term psychological functioning in male survivors of stranger and acquaintance rape
The aim of the present study was to compare psychological functioning in male rape survivors who had been raped either by strangers or acquaintances, and to test differences between the functioning of gay versus heterosexual survivors. Thirty-eight male rape survivors completed a range of measures relating to their perceptions about the nature of the effects of their assault, their general health, self-esteem and world assumptions. Results reveal…
Prior beliefs and statistical inference
This research aims to resolve an apparent paradox between findings in the literatures on statistical judgement and deductive reasoning. In the former, a tendency to ignore base‐rates has often been interpreted as a failure to take account of Bayesian ‘prior’ probabilities. On the other hand there is evidence that prior beliefs influence deductive inferences when they are formally irrelevant. In this paper two experiments are reported in which sub…
The effects of prior beliefs in reasoning
Van Duyne (1976) reports that the subjects' performance on the Wason selection task is biased by their prior belief in the truth of the rule with which they are reasoning. Specifically, the subjects are reported as reasoning more logically if they believe the rule to be 'sometimes true' rather than 'always true'. Van Duyne's analysis rests, however, upon an interpretation of the subjects' verbal justifications; a reanalysis of his data shows no e…
Jamaicans and Trinidadians in North London
Intuitive judgments of proportions, means, and variances
Recent investigations of intuitive statistical inference have been far less optimistic regarding man’s ability as an “intuitive statistician” than were Peterson and Beach in 1967. Work on judgments of variance and central tendency formed a significant part of Peterson and Beach’s review but is now regarded as peripheral. Work in this area is discussed in this review and it is concluded that it yields some understanding of the Peterson and Beach v…
The effects of prior beliefs in reasoning
Van Duyne (1976) reports that the subjects' performance on the Wason selection task is biased by their prior belief in the truth of the rule with which they are reasoning. Specifically, the subjects are reported as reasoning more logically if they believe the rule to be 'sometimes true' rather than 'always true'. Van Duyne's analysis rests, however, upon an interpretation of the subjects' verbal justifications; a reanalysis of his data shows no e…
On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning
Prior beliefs and statistical inference
This research aims to resolve an apparent paradox between findings in the literatures on statistical judgement and deductive reasoning. In the former, a tendency to ignore base‐rates has often been interpreted as a failure to take account of Bayesian ‘prior’ probabilities. On the other hand there is evidence that prior beliefs influence deductive inferences when they are formally irrelevant. In this paper two experiments are reported in which sub…
On the probability of making Type I errors
A statistical test leads to a Type I error whenever it leads to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true. The probability of making a Type I error can be characterized in the following three ways: the conditional prior probability (the probability of making a Type I error whenever a true null hypothesis is tested), the overall prior probability (the probability of making a Type I error across all experiments), and the conditional p…
Judgements about victims and attackers in depicted rapes
This paper reviews the effects on subjects' judgements of a variety of factors that have been included in experimental depictions of rape. The focus is on attribution of responsibility or fault to the victim or attacker and related judgements, particularly regarding guilt and sanctions. Generally, females make more pro‐victim judgements than do males, and people with non‐traditional sex‐role attitudes make more pro‐victim judgements than do holde…
Likelihood of Acquaintance Rape as a Function of Males' Sexual Expectations, Disappointment, and Adherence to Rape-Conducive Attitudes
Past research has found that individual differences in both attitudinal and situational variables may be associated with males' likelihood of acquaintance rape (LAR). The present research was conducted to examine the predictive value of both attitudinal and situational factors on males' likelihood of forcing a female acquaintance to have non-consensual sexual intercourse. In Study 1, male and female respondents (Rs) were presented with a scenario…
A comparative study of long‐term psychological functioning in male survivors of stranger and acquaintance rape
The aim of the present study was to compare psychological functioning in male rape survivors who had been raped either by strangers or acquaintances, and to test differences between the functioning of gay versus heterosexual survivors. Thirty-eight male rape survivors completed a range of measures relating to their perceptions about the nature of the effects of their assault, their general health, self-esteem and world assumptions. Results reveal…
The scripting of male and female rape
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how male and female rape is scripted. Design/methodology/approach In total, 100 (50 male, 50 female) participants were asked to write down in their own words what they considered to be the typical rape when the victim was either an adult male or female. Findings Results revealed that men's and women's rape scripts did not dramatically differ, though several differences were revealed between male…
Sexual Violence Against Women
Sexual Violence Against Women - 1 - Characteristics of typical perpetrators
Psychology (10 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (5 works) · Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies (5 works) · Cognitive psychology (4 works) · Epistemology (4 works) · Mathematics (4 works) · Computer Science (3 works) · Developmental psychology (3 works) · Intimate Partner and Family Violence (3 works)