Roger Biles
Biographic Data
| ID | 762283 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Roger Biles |
| GIVEN NAMES | Roger |
| FAMILY NAME | Biles |
| SIGNATURE | BILES R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Illinois State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 48 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 13 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 46 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
“Oil Can Eddie” and the Battle for the Steelworkers’ Union
THE CHALLENGE TO THE ENTRENCHED LEADERSHIP of the large and powerful United Steelworkers of America (USWA) originated in the union's District 31 during the 1970s. District 31, which surpassed the Pittsburgh area in membership after World War II, included such key manufacturing cities as Chicago, Joliet, and Chicago Heights in northeastern Illinois and Gary and East Chicago in northwestern Indiana. Less a broad-based movement than a spontaneous cr…
A President Visits East St. Louis: The Racialized Politics of Market Talk, Enterprise Zones, and Abandonment, 1980–2010
BILL CLINTON WAS THE ONLY US PRESIDENT to visit East St. Louis. Clinton made two trips, the first in 1992 and the second in 1999. Clinton was alert to East St. Louis's visible place on any list of American cities that suffered high unemployment, shuttered factories, deadly pollution levels, profound poverty, widespread drug usage, and violent crime. Still more, as Clinton acknowledged and as any routine newspaper reader would have recognized, dee…
Deindustrialization and the State Bailout of East St. Louis
DEINDUSTRIALIZATION—WHICH LED TO THE DRAMATIC REDUCTION OF POPULATION, employment, and retail—devastated America's great manufacturing cities. When the departure of businesses and taxpayers reduced revenue, municipalities struggled to balance budgets, pay their bills, and provide vital services to the shrinking number of inhabitants who remained within city limits. In the worst situations, financial crises forced state governments to take extreme…
At the Intersection of Race, Class, Gender, and Highway Politics
Arthur Rubloff and the Grinding Politics of Renewal in Chicago, 1947 to 1986
Between the 1940s and 1960s, Arthur Rubloff established a formidable presence in Chicago real estate development and in the city’s urban renewal programs. And yet, not even a skilled operator like Rubloff and members of his network of business executives possessed the savvy, clout, and resources to bring all or most of their projects to a successful conclusion. Nor were the fabled Mayor Richard J. Daley and his allies in the Central Area Committe…
Public Policy Made by Private Enterprise: Bond Rating Agencies and Urban America
Since World War II, and especially since the1970s, cities have increasingly relied on municipal bonds as a crucial source of income. At the same time, the bond rating agencies have exerted more influence on potential investors—a development with significant consequences for the nation’s cities. The need for elected officials to measure their actions against possible rewards and punishments imposed by the bond rating agencies allowed private busin…
Tribute to Raymond A. Mohl, 1938–2015
Robert B. Fairbanks. The War on Slums in the Southwest: Public Housing and Slum Clearance in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico, 1935–1965
Journal Article Robert B. Fairbanks. The War on Slums in the Southwest: Public Housing and Slum Clearance in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico, 1935–1965. Get access Robert B. Fairbanks. The War on Slums in the Southwest: Public Housing and Slum Clearance in Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico, 1935–1965. (Urban Life, Landscape, and Policy.) Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2014. Pp. x, 242. $59.50. Roger Biles Roger Biles Illinois State University…
Revisiting the Urban Interstates: Politics, Policy, and Culture since World War II
Authors of the five essays published in this special section of the Journal of Urban History highlight the Interstate’s harsh and mostly unyielding consequences for urban residents, for their neighborhoods, and for their livelihoods. Politics and policy have shaped the Interstate Highway System from its beginning in 1939 up to the present day
Expressways before the Interstates: The Case of Detroit, 1945–1956
After the Second World War, city halls and local business communities cooperated to forestall urban decline in the face of population, industry, and retail loss to the suburbs and the Sunbelt. Before the U.S. Congress passed laws that established national housing programs, pro-growth coalitions in threatened cities launched programs designed to revitalize central business districts and lobbied in state capitals for legislation authorizing redevel…
Mason B. Williams. City of Ambition: FDR, La Guardia, and the Making of Modern New York
During the 1930s, at a time when New Deal agencies dispensed an unprecedented amount of largesse to the nation's suffering cities, many Americans believed that New York City benefited far more than any other community. According to the conventional wisdom at the time, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia took advantage of his close personal relationship with Franklin D. Roosevelt to claim a disproportionate share of federal funds for his city. The president…
A New Deal for All? Race and Class Struggles in Depression-Era Baltimore
Journal Article A New Deal for All? Race and Class Struggles in Depression-Era Baltimore Get access A New Deal for All? Race and Class Struggles in Depression-Era Baltimore. By Andor Skotnes. (Durham: Duke University Press, 2013. xvi, 375 pp. Cloth, $94.95. Paper, $26.95.) Roger Biles Roger Biles Illinois State UniversityNormal, Illinois [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American…
The Making of Urban America
The revised and updated third edition of The Making of Urban America includes seven new articles and a richly detailed historiographical essay that discusses the vast urban history literature added to the canon since the publication of the second edition. The authors’ extensively revised introductions and the fifteen reprinted articles trace urban development from the preindustrial city to the twentieth-century city. With emphasis on the social, …
Rochdale Village: Robert Moses, 6,000 Families, and New York City's Great Experiment in Integrated Housing
Journal Article Rochdale Village: Robert Moses, 6,000 Families, and New York City's Great Experiment in Integrated Housing Get access Rochdale Village: Robert Moses, 6,000 Families, and New York City's Great Experiment in Integrated Housing. By Peter Eisenstadt. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010. xii, 323 pp. $35.00, ISBN978-0-8014-4878-2.) Roger Biles Roger Biles Illinois State University Normal, Illinois [email protected] Search for other…
Black Milwaukee and the Ghetto Synthesis
This article briefly examines Joe W. Trotter's Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915-45 twenty years after its publication and notes its significance for urban history. Particularly important was the book's challenge to the “ghetto synthesis,” an influential analysis of the African American experience in U.S. cities, instead of which Trotter proposed a proletarianization model. In the wake of Trotter's critique of the ghe…
Riding the Rails: Teenagers on the Move during the Great Depression
Bossism and Reform in a Southern City: Lexington, Kentucky, 1880-1940
From Tenements to the Taylor Homes: In Search of an Urban Housing Policy in Twentieth-Century America
From Tenements to the Taylor Homes: In Search of an Urban Housing Policy in Twentieth-Century America
Authored by prominent scholars, the twelve essays in this volume use the historical perspective to explore American urban housing policy as it unfolded from the late nineteenth through the twentieth centuries. Focusing on the enduring quest of policy makers to restore urban community, the essays examine such topics as the war against the slums, planned suburbs for workers, the rise of government-aided and built housing during the Great Depression…
Southern Paternalism and the American Welfare State: Economics, Politics, and Institutions in the South, 1865-1965
Journal Article Southern Paternalism and the American Welfare State: Economics, Politics, and Institutions in the South, 1865–1965. By Lee J. Alston and Joseph P. Ferrie. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. xii, 170 pp. $49.95, ISBN 0-521-62210-7.) Get access Roger Biles Roger Biles East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Vo…
Public Housing on the Reservation
In the depths of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt repudiated the federal government’s traditional noninvolvement with the private housing market in an effort to revitalize the moribund construction industry. Under the auspices of the 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Administration’s Housing Division purchased or condemned land and built a modest amount of low-income housing. With the passage of the Wagner-Steagal…
Thinking the Unthinkable about Our Cities: Thirty Years Later
Henry A. Wallace: His Search for a New World Order
Daley: The Last Boss
Journal Article Daley: The Last Boss. Prod. by Barak Goodman. Social Media Productions, 1995.112mins. (PBS Video, 1320 Braddock PL, Alexandria, VA 22314-1698) Get access Roger Biles Roger Biles East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 83, Issue 3, December 1996, Pages 1131–1132, https://doi.org/10.2307/2945825 Published: 01 Dec…
Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Governing of Chicago
Journal Article Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Governing of Chicago. By Roger Biles. (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1995. x, 292 pp. Cloth, $32.00, ISBN 0-87580-199-4. Paper, $18.00, ISBN 0-87580-566-3.) Get access John M. Allswang John M. Allswang California State University, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 83, Issue 1, J…
Black Mayors: A Historical Assessment
Ed crump versus the unions: The labor movement in Memphis during the 1930s
(1984). Ed crump versus the unions: The labor movement in Memphis during the 1930s. Labor History: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 533-552
A Bittersweet Victory: Public School Desegregation in Memphis
The 1954 United States Supreme Court ruling on school desegregation sent southern white supremacists in search of means to resist or at least delay implementation. Their tactics varied. Some states invoked the aged doctrine of interposition, along the implied threat of secession; others sought simply to ignore the decision and its call for compliance with all deliberate speed. Organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and the Citizens' Councils sprang …
Public Policy Made by Private Enterprise: Bond Rating Agencies and Urban America
Since World War II, and especially since the1970s, cities have increasingly relied on municipal bonds as a crucial source of income. At the same time, the bond rating agencies have exerted more influence on potential investors—a development with significant consequences for the nation’s cities. The need for elected officials to measure their actions against possible rewards and punishments imposed by the bond rating agencies allowed private busin…
Revisiting the Urban Interstates: Politics, Policy, and Culture since World War II
Authors of the five essays published in this special section of the Journal of Urban History highlight the Interstate’s harsh and mostly unyielding consequences for urban residents, for their neighborhoods, and for their livelihoods. Politics and policy have shaped the Interstate Highway System from its beginning in 1939 up to the present day
Expressways before the Interstates: The Case of Detroit, 1945–1956
After the Second World War, city halls and local business communities cooperated to forestall urban decline in the face of population, industry, and retail loss to the suburbs and the Sunbelt. Before the U.S. Congress passed laws that established national housing programs, pro-growth coalitions in threatened cities launched programs designed to revitalize central business districts and lobbied in state capitals for legislation authorizing redevel…
A New Deal for All? Race and Class Struggles in Depression-Era Baltimore
Journal Article A New Deal for All? Race and Class Struggles in Depression-Era Baltimore Get access A New Deal for All? Race and Class Struggles in Depression-Era Baltimore. By Andor Skotnes. (Durham: Duke University Press, 2013. xvi, 375 pp. Cloth, $94.95. Paper, $26.95.) Roger Biles Roger Biles Illinois State UniversityNormal, Illinois [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American…
Ed crump versus the unions: The labor movement in Memphis during the 1930s
(1984). Ed crump versus the unions: The labor movement in Memphis during the 1930s. Labor History: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 533-552
Women of the Depression: Caste and Culture in San Antonio, 1929-1939
Even before the unemployment, low wages, substandard housing, and poor health plagued many women in what was then one of America's poorest cities--San Antonio. Divided by tradition, prejudice, or law into three distinct communities of Mexican Americans, Anglos, and African Americans, San Antonio women faced hardships based on their personal economic circumstances as well as their identification with a particular racial or ethnic group. Women of t…
Big City Boss in Depression and War: Mayor Edward J. Kelly of Chicago
Journal Article Big City Boss in Depression and War: Mayor Edward J. Kelly of Chicago. By Roger Biles. (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1984. vii + 219 pp. Maps, illustrations, table, notes, bibliography, and index. $20.00.) Get access Lyle W. Dorsett Lyle W. Dorsett Wheaton College, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 71, Issue 4, March 1985, Page 892, …
Memphis in the Great Depression
The Persistence of the Past: Memphis in the Great Depression
A Bittersweet Victory: Public School Desegregation in Memphis
The 1954 United States Supreme Court ruling on school desegregation sent southern white supremacists in search of means to resist or at least delay implementation. Their tactics varied. Some states invoked the aged doctrine of interposition, along the implied threat of secession; others sought simply to ignore the decision and its call for compliance with all deliberate speed. Organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and the Citizens' Councils sprang …
Hard Times and New Deal in Kentucky, 1929-1939
Memphis in the Great Depression
Memphis in the Great Depression
Cotton Fields or Skyscrapers: The Case of Memphis, Tennessee
Notes1. Blaine A. Brownell, “Urbanization in the South: A Unique Experience Mississippi Quarterly 26 (Spring 1973): 107. The essays in Blaine A. Brownell and David R. Goldfield, eds., The City in Southern History: The Growth of Urban Civilization in the South (Port Washington, N.Y., 1977), emphasize the similarity of southern cities to northern cities and constitute, along with Brownell's other work, the best statement of that view. Also see: Bro…
Toward a New Deal in Baltimore: People and Government in the Great Depression
Nathan Straus and the Failure of U.S. Public Housing, 1937–1942
Notes1. Mel Scott, American City Planning snce 1890 (Berkeley, 1969), 323–28; Samuel E. Trotter, “A Study of Public Housing in the United States” (Ph.D. diss., University of Alabama, 1956), 103–06; Robert Moore Fisher, Twenty Years of Public Housing: Economic Aspects of the Federal Program (New York, 1959), 90; John H. Mollenkopf, The Contested City (Princeton, 1983), 68.2. Albert Mayer, Henry Wright, and Lewis Mumford, “New Homes for a New Deal,…
The Urban South in the Great Depression
New Homeless and Old: Community and the Skid Row Hotel
Journal Article New Homeless and Old: Community and the Skid Row Hotel. By Charles Hoch and Robert A. Slayton. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989. x + 299 pp. $32.95.) Get access Roger Biles Roger Biles Oklahoma State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 77, Issue 2, September 1990, Pages 741–742, https://doi.org/10.2307/2079332 Published: 01 September 19…
Cities in the New South
Living Atlanta: An Oral History of the City, 1914-1948
From memories of everyday experience, Living vividly recreates life in city during three decades from World War through World War II--a period in which a small, regional capital became a center of industry, education, finance, commerce, and travel. This profusely illustrated volume draws on nearly two hundred interviews with Atlanta residents who recall, in their own words, the way it was--from segregated streetcars to college fraternity parties,…
A New Deal for the American People
When Franklin D. Roosevelt promised new deal for the American he gave hope to millions of Americans impoverished by the Great Depression. The Roosevelt administration's relief programs, implemented in a period of crisis characterized by the Black Friday stock market crash, widespread bank failures, and massive unemployment, marked the turning point in the making of modern America. Yet in spite of extensive aid provided on federal and state levels…
The Depression and the Urban West Coast, 1929-1933: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland
Journal Article The Depression and the Urban West Coast, 1929–1933: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland. By William H. Mullins. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. xiv + 176 pp. $35.00, ISBN 0-253-33935-9.) Get access The Depression and the Urban West Coast, 1929–1933: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland. By Mullins William H.. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. xiv + 176 pp. $35.00, ISBN 0-253-339…
Black Mayors: A Historical Assessment
Roosevelt: The Party Leader, 1932-1945
A New Deal for the American People
The South and the New Deal
The South and the New Deal
Journal Article The South and the New Deal. By Roger Biles. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993. x, 205 pp. $23.00, ISBN 0-8131-1836-0.) Get access James A. Hodges James A. Hodges College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 82, Issue 1, June 1995, Pages 323–324, https://doi.org/10.2307/2082106 Published: 01 June 1995
Henry A. Wallace: His Search for a New World Order
Daley: The Last Boss
Journal Article Daley: The Last Boss. Prod. by Barak Goodman. Social Media Productions, 1995.112mins. (PBS Video, 1320 Braddock PL, Alexandria, VA 22314-1698) Get access Roger Biles Roger Biles East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 83, Issue 3, December 1996, Pages 1131–1132, https://doi.org/10.2307/2945825 Published: 01 Dec…
History (35 works) · Political science (29 works) · History (28 works) · Race, History, and American Society (22 works) · Sociology (20 works) · Law (17 works) · Archaeology (14 works) · Economics (14 works) · Politics (13 works) · American Environmental and Regional History (12 works)