Karen D Rudolph
Biographic Data
| ID | 762369 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Karen D Rudolph |
| GIVEN NAMES | Karen D |
| FAMILY NAME | Rudolph |
| SIGNATURE | RUDOLPH K D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6190-3356 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 46 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 206 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 46 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Co‐Regulation Within Adolescent Friendships
Friendships assume an increasingly important role in socialization during adolescence, with the potential to help shape how youth cope with negative emotions and stressors. Extending theory and research on co‐rumination among friends, this study sought to examine an alternative novel socialization process within friendships—co‐reappraisal—that is hypothesized to promote healthier socioemotional adjustment in adolescents. Adolescents ( N = 330; M …
Peer victimization across the school years: Consequences for social goals in early adolescence
Social goals (i.e., objectives that individuals aim to attain or avoid in their peer relationships through their actions; Emmons, 1996; Parkhurst & Asher, 1985) are important for a variety of adjustment outcomes, but little is known about the factors that foster them. Exposure to peer victimization, either at a young and formative age or as a long-term burden, has a significant impact on how youth negotiate their social world, and may alter socia…
Emotional clarity and responses to peer victimization as predictors of youth aggression
During the transition to middle school, difficulties understanding and identifying emotions may place youth at risk for maladaptive responses to peer victimization. In turn, maladaptive responses to victimization may increase the likelihood of engaging in aggressive behaviors. In a prospective, multi-informant study of 636 youth (338 girls; M age in fourth grade = 9.94 years; 66.7% White; 34.75% receiving subsidized lunch) from fourth to sixth gr…
How does perceived social support relate to human thriving? A systematic review with meta-analyses
21, 95% CI [.047, .454]. Different types and sources of support demonstrated similar associations with mental health and educational functioning, but varying associations with physical health, risk-taking behaviors, and work performance. Associations between support and physical health and risk-taking behaviors were larger in childhood and adolescence than in emerging or later adulthood. Associations between support and educational functioning we…
Cultivating emotional resilience in adolescent girls: Effects of a growth emotion mindset lesson
To address the widespread mental health crisis facing adolescent girls, this study examined whether a growth emotion mindset lesson can enhance emotional competence. During 2018–2022, adolescent girls (M age = 15.68 years; 66.3% White) were randomized to a growth mindset (E-MIND; N = 81) or brain education (control; N = 82) lesson, completed the Trier Social Stressor Test, and reported on various aspects of emotional competence. Compared with the…
Differential Susceptibility to Friendship Quality: The Role of Need for Approval
Friendships assume a salient role in well‐being during mid‐adolescence. This research examined (a) how friendship quality (stressful vs. supportive) is differentially associated with mid‐adolescents’ social adjustment (engagement in antisocial vs. prosocial behavior); (b) the extent to which these associations are contingent on individual differences in the tendency to base one's self‐worth on peer approval; and (c) whether these associations dif…
Risk and Protective Effects of Need for Approval on Self-Injury in Adolescent Girls
The contribution of chronic peer victimization in elementary school to depressive symptoms in adolescence
Throughout his career, John Schulenberg challenged us to understand adolescent development as the confluence of distal and proximal experiences along with critical transitions. Heeding this call, we examined whether chronic childhood peer victimization predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms via early-emerging depression growth trajectories, continued victimization into adolescence, and stress-amplification at the middle school transition. Sel…
Talk it out or tuck it away: The contribution of maternal socialization of coping to depression in youth with early pubertal maturation
Theory and research highlight the mismatch between puberty-associated challenges and personal coping resources among youth with early actual or perceived pubertal timing. This study ( N = 167; M age = 12.41 years; 51.5% female; 77.8% White American) examined whether coping resources provided by mothers (maternal socialization of coping) exert protective or exacerbating effects on risk for depression among early-maturing youth. Results revealed th…
The Cambridge Handbook of the Development of Coping
Despite broad interest in how children and youth cope with stress and how others can support their coping, this is the first Handbook to consolidate the many theories and large bodies of research that contribute to the study of the development of coping. The Handbook's goal is field building - it brings together theory and research from across the spectrum of psychological, developmental, and related sciences to inform our understanding of coping…
Social goals as predictors of children's in vivo emotional responses to social challenges
This study examined the role of social goals in shaping children's in vivo emotional responses during a challenging dyadic peer interaction. In all, 132 children (M age = 9.46 years, SD = 0.33; 50% girls; 72% White) participated in a dyadic social challenge (conflict-of-interest situation) and reported their social goals and emotions during the task, and observers coded child emotions and dyad negativity. Mastery goals predicted more positive emo…
Need for approval and antisocial behavior moderate the effect of socioemotional cues on adolescent girls’ cognitive control
To examine whether need for approval (NFA) and antisocial behavior (ASB) moderate the effects of socioemotional stimuli on cognitive control, 88 girls (M age = 16.31 years; SD = 0.84; 65.9% White) completed a socioemotional Go/No-go and questionnaires. At high approach NFA, girls responded more slowly during appetitive than control (b = −8.80, p < .01) and aversive (b = −5.58, p = .01) trials. At high ASB, girls responded more slowly (b = −6.12, …
Risk for Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents with a History of Adversity: Unique Role of Stress Appraisals
The Effect of Parents and Peers on the Neural Correlates of Risk Taking and Antisocial Behavior During Adolescence
Peer Adversity Predicts Interpersonal Needs in Adolescent Girls
The need to belong (NTB) and need for approval (NFA) are fundamental interpersonal needs vital to social development. Although these needs are universal, individual differences in the strength of these needs likely emerge from critical social experiences. In particular, given the growing salience of peer social evaluation and belonging across adolescence, interpersonal needs during this stage may be strongly tied to both early and recent experien…
Gender Differences in Friendship Values: Intensification at Adolescence
Friendships can provide a critical buffer against stress for youth, but the extent to which they serve this role depends on whether they provide resources that youth value most. These valued provisions may differ for girls and boys and across stages of development. This study examined whether gender differences in friendship values intensify across the adolescent transition, specifically from elementary to junior high school. Youth (73 elementary…
Within-person reciprocal associations between peer victimization and need for approval
Prior research links need for approval (NFA; the extent to which self-worth is contingent on peer approval or disapproval) to critical developmental outcomes, but little is known about how NFA develops over time or within social contexts. To address this gap, the present study used a sophisticated analytic approach (autoregressive latent trajectory modeling with standardized residuals) to examine dynamic associations between one salient social ex…
Linking post‐stressor interpersonal processes in adolescent girls’ close friendships with acute HPA stress responses
INTRODUCTION: For adolescent girls, close friendships may facilitate stress management and mitigate risk for internalizing psychopathology. However, little is known about how friendship processes may buffer (or potentially exacerbate) acute psychobiological responses to interpersonal stressors in ways that affect risk. METHODS: In a sample of 220 girls (ages 12-17 years) with a history of internalizing symptoms, this study investigated friendship…
Like me Back: Neural Correlates of Low Perceived Relational Value in Peer Victimized Youth
Perceived relational value describes the extent to which individuals consider themselves to be liked and valued. Given the salience of peer opinions in adolescence, perceived relational value is an important part of adolescents' developing self-concept. Here, we examined the neural correlates of youth's perceptions of their relational value in two independent samples (N = 33, M age = 13.71, SD = 2.71; N = 26, M age = 15.43, SD = 0.33). In both st…
Emotion mindsets and depressive symptoms in adolescence: The role of emotion regulation competence
Recent theories posit that emotion mindsets (i.e., the extent to which individuals believe emotions are malleable or fixed) play a crucial role in experiences of emotion and influence emotion regulation (ER) processes. Drawing from mindset theory, this study examined the hypothesis that fixed emotion mindsets (FEMs) would predict depressive symptoms via compromised ER competence in adolescence, a period when many first episodes of depression occu…
Maternal Antecedents to Adolescent Girls’ Neural Regulation of Emotion
The purpose of this study was to investigate contributions of maternal emotional resources to individual differences in adolescents' functional connectivity during emotion regulation. Participants included 35 adolescent girls who completed an implicit emotion regulation task during fMRI. Mothers reported on the quality of their adult attachment and emotional awareness when youth were in elementary school. Higher anxious attachment and lower emoti…
Maladaptive Social Consequences of Emotional Clarity Deficits in Early Adolescence
This study examined whether compromised emotional clarity prospectively contributes to maladaptive social behavior (aggression, anxious solitude) and adverse social experiences (low social status, victimization) in early adolescence; gender differences in these effects also were explored. Youth ( N = 636, [Formula: see text] age = 10.94, SD = 0.37) completed a self-report measure of emotional clarity in fifth grade, and their teachers completed m…
Differential Susceptibility to Parenting in Adolescent Girls: Moderation by Neural Sensitivity to Social Cues
This research examined whether heightened neural activation to social cues confers adjustment advantages in supportive social contexts but adjustment disadvantages in stressful social contexts. Forty-five adolescent girls were exposed to social exclusion during an fMRI scan and reported on parent-child relationship quality and depressive symptoms. Stressful parent-child relationships predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in girls with high and…
Cognition–emotion interaction as a predictor of adolescent depressive symptoms
Given the sharp increase in rates of depression during adolescence, especially in girls, it is important to identify which youth are at greatest risk across this critical developmental transition. During the present research, we examined whether (a) individual differences in cognition-emotion interaction, as reflected in cognitive control (CC) deficits and trait negative emotionality (NE), predict depression levels across a 1-year period (sixth-s…
Early social behaviors and the trajectory of peer victimization across the school years
Research has established that long-term exposure to peer victimization is associated with higher levels of emotional and behavioral maladjustment. Yet, relatively little is known regarding predictors of stable versus declining victimization across extended periods of time. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study used latent growth curve modeling to examine the separate and unique contributions of 3 early social behaviors in 2nd grade (aggre…
Gender differences in emotional responses to interpersonal stress during adolescence
Maternal influences on youth responses to peer stress
Understanding how youths develop particular styles of responding to stress is critical for promoting effective coping. This research examined the prospective, interactive contribution of maternal socialization of coping and peer stress to youth responses to peer stress. A sample of 144 early adolescents (mean age = 12.44 years, SD = 1.22) and their maternal caregivers completed questionnaires and semistructured interviews in 2 waves over a 1-year…
Implicit Theories of Peer Relationships
This research investigated the role of children's implicit theories of peer relationships in their psychological, emotional, and behavioral adjustment. Participants included 206 children (110 girls; 96 boys; M age = 10.13 years, SD = 1.16) who reported on their implicit theories of peer relationships, social goal orientation, need for approval, depressive and aggressive symptoms, and exposure to peer victimization. Parents also provided reports o…
Relational victimization predicts children’s social-cognitive and self-regulatory responses in a challenging peer context
In this study, the authors examined whether exposure to relational victimization was associated with children's thoughts, emotions, and behavior in an unfamiliar, challenging peer context. Children (110 girls, 96 boys; mean age = 10.13 years, SD = 1.16) reported on their exposure to relational victimization by peers. Following a challenging interaction with an unfamiliar peer, children reported on their beliefs about their interaction partners an…
Gender Differences in Friendship Values: Intensification at Adolescence
Friendships can provide a critical buffer against stress for youth, but the extent to which they serve this role depends on whether they provide resources that youth value most. These valued provisions may differ for girls and boys and across stages of development. This study examined whether gender differences in friendship values intensify across the adolescent transition, specifically from elementary to junior high school. Youth (73 elementary…
Early social behaviors and the trajectory of peer victimization across the school years
Research has established that long-term exposure to peer victimization is associated with higher levels of emotional and behavioral maladjustment. Yet, relatively little is known regarding predictors of stable versus declining victimization across extended periods of time. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study used latent growth curve modeling to examine the separate and unique contributions of 3 early social behaviors in 2nd grade (aggre…
Contributions of maternal emotional functioning to socialization of coping
This study examined whether maternal emotional functioning-emotional awareness and depression-guides the coping suggestions mothers make to their children in the context of a common childhood stressor (peer victimization). Across two waves of a longitudinal study, 330 mothers and their second graders (mean age ( M) = 7.95 years, SD = .33; 158 boys and 172 girls) completed questionnaires. Emotional awareness predicted more primary control engageme…
Contributions of maternal adult attachment to socialization of coping
This research examined whether maternal adult attachment predicted coping suggestions mothers made to their children. A sample of 157 youth (M age = 12.42, SD = 1.20) and their maternal caregivers completed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires in a two-wave longitudinal study. Results revealed that maternal insecure attachment predicted fewer engagement coping suggestions (orienting toward stress) and heightened disengagement coping sugg…
A Prospective Examination of Emotional Clarity, Stress Responses, and Depressive Symptoms During Early Adolescence
This study examined the proposal that difficulty understanding one's emotional experiences (i.e., deficits in emotional clarity) would interfere with the formulation of adaptive responses to interpersonal stress, which would then predict depressive symptoms. This process was examined across 3 years (fourth to sixth grade) during early adolescence. Participants included 636 youth (338 girls, 298 boys; X̅ age in fourth grade = 9.95, SD = .37) who c…
Other-Sex Relationship Stress and Sex Differences in the Contribution of Puberty to Depression
Research suggests that the pubertal transition, particularly when experienced earlier than age-matched peers, is associated with heightened depression in girls but less depression in boys. This study examined whether stress within other-sex relationships serves as one process through which puberty differentially contributes to depression for girls and boys. Youth (51 girls, 34 boys; M age = 12.68) and their caregivers reported on pubertal status …
Peer Adversity Predicts Interpersonal Needs in Adolescent Girls
The need to belong (NTB) and need for approval (NFA) are fundamental interpersonal needs vital to social development. Although these needs are universal, individual differences in the strength of these needs likely emerge from critical social experiences. In particular, given the growing salience of peer social evaluation and belonging across adolescence, interpersonal needs during this stage may be strongly tied to both early and recent experien…
The contribution of chronic peer victimization in elementary school to depressive symptoms in adolescence
Throughout his career, John Schulenberg challenged us to understand adolescent development as the confluence of distal and proximal experiences along with critical transitions. Heeding this call, we examined whether chronic childhood peer victimization predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms via early-emerging depression growth trajectories, continued victimization into adolescence, and stress-amplification at the middle school transition. Sel…
Within-person reciprocal associations between peer victimization and need for approval
Prior research links need for approval (NFA; the extent to which self-worth is contingent on peer approval or disapproval) to critical developmental outcomes, but little is known about how NFA develops over time or within social contexts. To address this gap, the present study used a sophisticated analytic approach (autoregressive latent trajectory modeling with standardized residuals) to examine dynamic associations between one salient social ex…
Differential Susceptibility to Parenting in Adolescent Girls: Moderation by Neural Sensitivity to Social Cues
This research examined whether heightened neural activation to social cues confers adjustment advantages in supportive social contexts but adjustment disadvantages in stressful social contexts. Forty-five adolescent girls were exposed to social exclusion during an fMRI scan and reported on parent-child relationship quality and depressive symptoms. Stressful parent-child relationships predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in girls with high and…
Interactive Contributions of Cumulative Peer Stress and Executive Function Deficits to Depression in Early Adolescence
Exposure to peer stress contributes to adolescent depression, yet not all youth experience these effects. Thus, it is important to identify individual differences that shape the consequences of peer stress. This research investigated the interactive contribution of cumulative peer stress during childhood (second-fifth grades) and executive function (EF) deficits to depression during early adolescence (sixth grade). Youth (267 girls, 227 boys; X̄ …
Cultivating emotional resilience in adolescent girls: Effects of a growth emotion mindset lesson
To address the widespread mental health crisis facing adolescent girls, this study examined whether a growth emotion mindset lesson can enhance emotional competence. During 2018–2022, adolescent girls (M age = 15.68 years; 66.3% White) were randomized to a growth mindset (E-MIND; N = 81) or brain education (control; N = 82) lesson, completed the Trier Social Stressor Test, and reported on various aspects of emotional competence. Compared with the…
Talk it out or tuck it away: The contribution of maternal socialization of coping to depression in youth with early pubertal maturation
Theory and research highlight the mismatch between puberty-associated challenges and personal coping resources among youth with early actual or perceived pubertal timing. This study ( N = 167; M age = 12.41 years; 51.5% female; 77.8% White American) examined whether coping resources provided by mothers (maternal socialization of coping) exert protective or exacerbating effects on risk for depression among early-maturing youth. Results revealed th…
The Effect of Parents and Peers on the Neural Correlates of Risk Taking and Antisocial Behavior During Adolescence
Like me Back: Neural Correlates of Low Perceived Relational Value in Peer Victimized Youth
Perceived relational value describes the extent to which individuals consider themselves to be liked and valued. Given the salience of peer opinions in adolescence, perceived relational value is an important part of adolescents' developing self-concept. Here, we examined the neural correlates of youth's perceptions of their relational value in two independent samples (N = 33, M age = 13.71, SD = 2.71; N = 26, M age = 15.43, SD = 0.33). In both st…
Cognition–emotion interaction as a predictor of adolescent depressive symptoms
Given the sharp increase in rates of depression during adolescence, especially in girls, it is important to identify which youth are at greatest risk across this critical developmental transition. During the present research, we examined whether (a) individual differences in cognition-emotion interaction, as reflected in cognitive control (CC) deficits and trait negative emotionality (NE), predict depression levels across a 1-year period (sixth-s…
Individual and sex differences in the consequences of victimization: Moderation by approach and avoidance motivation
Peer victimization is a known risk factor for various forms of maladjustment; however, the specific type of maladjustment may depend on individual differences in youth. This 2-wave longitudinal study examined the hypothesis that social approach-avoidance motivation, together with sex, would moderate the contribution of 3rd-grade victimization to 4th-grade maladjustment. Children (N = 574, M age = 8.94, SD = 0.37) reported on their victimization e…
Determinants and consequences of children's coping in the medical setting: Conceptualization, review, and critique
The recent burgeoning of theory and research on how children cope with painful medical stressors warrants close scrutiny. The authors examine the prominent typologies of coping and the research on child adjustment and outcomes stimulated by those typologies. They focus on what researchers know and need to know about moderators (characteristics of the child and the environment that influence coping and outcome) and mediators (mechanisms linking st…
Determinants and consequences of children's coping in the medical setting: Conceptualization, review, and critique
A measure of positive and negative affect for children: Scale development and preliminary validation.
A child version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS: D. Watson, L. A. Clark, & A. Tellegen, 1988), the PANAS-C, was developed using students in Grades 4-8 (N = 707). Item selection was based on psychometric and theoretical grounds. The resulting Negative Affect (NA) and Positive Affect (PA) scales demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity with existing self-report measures of childhood anxiety and depression; the PANA…
Age and Gender as Determinants of Stress Exposure, Generation, and Reactions in Youngsters: A Transactional Perspective
The present study used a contextual and transactional approach to examine age and gender differences in the experience and consequences of life stress in clinic-referred preadolescents and adolescents. Eighty-eight youngsters and their parents completed the Child Episodic Life Stress Interview, a detailed semistructured interview assessing the occurrence of stressful events in multiple life domains. Interviews were coded using a contextual threat…
Negotiating the Transition to Middle School: The Role of Self-Regulatory Processes
The present research examined the role of maladaptive self-regulatory beliefs as vulnerability factors for academic and emotional difficulties during the transition to middle school. A short-term longitudinal design was employed to follow two groups of early adolescents: 187 adolescents who experienced a school transition between the fifth and sixth grades, and 142 adolescents who did not experience a school transition between the fifth and sixth…
Gender differences in emotional responses to interpersonal stress during adolescence
The Socioemotional Costs and Benefits of Social‐Evaluative Concerns: Do Girls Care Too Much
This research investigated the hypothesis that girls' heightened concerns about social evaluation contribute to sex differences in depression and interpersonal competence during early adolescence. A short‐term longitudinal study was conducted with 474 adolescents to examine the consequences of heightened social‐evaluative concerns. Adolescents reported on their levels of social‐evaluative concerns and depressive symptoms. Teachers provided rating…
A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys
Theory and research on sex differences in adjustment focus largely on parental, societal, and biological influences. However, it also is important to consider how peers contribute to girls' and boys' development. This article provides a critical review of sex differences in several peer relationship processes, including behavioral and social-cognitive styles, stress and coping, and relationship provisions. The authors present a speculative peer-s…
Implicit Theories of Peer Relationships
This research investigated the role of children's implicit theories of peer relationships in their psychological, emotional, and behavioral adjustment. Participants included 206 children (110 girls; 96 boys; M age = 10.13 years, SD = 1.16) who reported on their implicit theories of peer relationships, social goal orientation, need for approval, depressive and aggressive symptoms, and exposure to peer victimization. Parents also provided reports o…
Relational victimization predicts children’s social-cognitive and self-regulatory responses in a challenging peer context
In this study, the authors examined whether exposure to relational victimization was associated with children's thoughts, emotions, and behavior in an unfamiliar, challenging peer context. Children (110 girls, 96 boys; mean age = 10.13 years, SD = 1.16) reported on their exposure to relational victimization by peers. Following a challenging interaction with an unfamiliar peer, children reported on their beliefs about their interaction partners an…
Contributions of maternal adult attachment to socialization of coping
This research examined whether maternal adult attachment predicted coping suggestions mothers made to their children. A sample of 157 youth (M age = 12.42, SD = 1.20) and their maternal caregivers completed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires in a two-wave longitudinal study. Results revealed that maternal insecure attachment predicted fewer engagement coping suggestions (orienting toward stress) and heightened disengagement coping sugg…
Maternal influences on youth responses to peer stress
Understanding how youths develop particular styles of responding to stress is critical for promoting effective coping. This research examined the prospective, interactive contribution of maternal socialization of coping and peer stress to youth responses to peer stress. A sample of 144 early adolescents (mean age = 12.44 years, SD = 1.22) and their maternal caregivers completed questionnaires and semistructured interviews in 2 waves over a 1-year…
Longitudinal Associations Among Youth Depressive Symptoms, Peer Victimization, and Low Peer Acceptance: An Interpersonal Process Perspective
A longitudinal investigation was conducted to explicate the network of associations between depressive symptoms and peer difficulties among 486 fourth through sixth graders (M = 9.93 years). Parent and teacher reports of depressive symptoms; peer, self, and teacher reports of victimization; and peer reports of peer acceptance were obtained. A systematic examination of nested structural equation models provided support for a symptoms-driven model …
Other-Sex Relationship Stress and Sex Differences in the Contribution of Puberty to Depression
Research suggests that the pubertal transition, particularly when experienced earlier than age-matched peers, is associated with heightened depression in girls but less depression in boys. This study examined whether stress within other-sex relationships serves as one process through which puberty differentially contributes to depression for girls and boys. Youth (51 girls, 34 boys; M age = 12.68) and their caregivers reported on pubertal status …
Reappraisal and suppression mediate the contribution of regulatory focus to anxiety in healthy adults
Theory and research link regulatory focus (RF) in the form of promotion and prevention goal orientation with internalizing symptoms (e.g., anxiety), but the relevant mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the role of two emotion regulation (ER) strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) as possible mediators. Path analysis using data from 179 healthy young participants (110 women, 69 men) revealed that stro…
Translating Social Motivation Into Action: Contributions of Need for Approval to Children's Social Engagement
This research examined how children's need for approval (NFA) from peers predicted social behavior (prosocial behavior, aggression, social helplessness) and peer responses (acceptance, victimization, exclusion). Children ( N = 526, M age = 7.95, SD = .33) reported on need for approval and teachers reported on social engagement. Approach NFA (motivation to gain approval) predicted more positive engagement and less conflictual engagement and diseng…
Peer Victimization and Social Alienation: Predicting Deviant Peer Affiliation in Middle School
Two prospective studies examined a theoretical model wherein exposure to victimization, resulting from early behavioral risk, heightens children's social alienation and subsequent deviant peer affiliation (DPA). Across Study 1 (298 girls, 287 boys; K–7th grade; 5–12 years) and Study 2 (338 girls, 298 boys; 2nd–6th grade; 8–12 years), children, parents, peers, and teachers reported on children's externalizing behavior and internalizing symptoms, p…
A Prospective Examination of Emotional Clarity, Stress Responses, and Depressive Symptoms During Early Adolescence
This study examined the proposal that difficulty understanding one's emotional experiences (i.e., deficits in emotional clarity) would interfere with the formulation of adaptive responses to interpersonal stress, which would then predict depressive symptoms. This process was examined across 3 years (fourth to sixth grade) during early adolescence. Participants included 636 youth (338 girls, 298 boys; X̅ age in fourth grade = 9.95, SD = .37) who c…
Individual and sex differences in the consequences of victimization: Moderation by approach and avoidance motivation
Peer victimization is a known risk factor for various forms of maladjustment; however, the specific type of maladjustment may depend on individual differences in youth. This 2-wave longitudinal study examined the hypothesis that social approach-avoidance motivation, together with sex, would moderate the contribution of 3rd-grade victimization to 4th-grade maladjustment. Children (N = 574, M age = 8.94, SD = 0.37) reported on their victimization e…
Contributions of maternal emotional functioning to socialization of coping
This study examined whether maternal emotional functioning-emotional awareness and depression-guides the coping suggestions mothers make to their children in the context of a common childhood stressor (peer victimization). Across two waves of a longitudinal study, 330 mothers and their second graders (mean age ( M) = 7.95 years, SD = .33; 158 boys and 172 girls) completed questionnaires. Emotional awareness predicted more primary control engageme…
Interactive Contributions of Cumulative Peer Stress and Executive Function Deficits to Depression in Early Adolescence
Exposure to peer stress contributes to adolescent depression, yet not all youth experience these effects. Thus, it is important to identify individual differences that shape the consequences of peer stress. This research investigated the interactive contribution of cumulative peer stress during childhood (second-fifth grades) and executive function (EF) deficits to depression during early adolescence (sixth grade). Youth (267 girls, 227 boys; X̄ …
Cognition–emotion interaction as a predictor of adolescent depressive symptoms
Given the sharp increase in rates of depression during adolescence, especially in girls, it is important to identify which youth are at greatest risk across this critical developmental transition. During the present research, we examined whether (a) individual differences in cognition-emotion interaction, as reflected in cognitive control (CC) deficits and trait negative emotionality (NE), predict depression levels across a 1-year period (sixth-s…
Early social behaviors and the trajectory of peer victimization across the school years
Research has established that long-term exposure to peer victimization is associated with higher levels of emotional and behavioral maladjustment. Yet, relatively little is known regarding predictors of stable versus declining victimization across extended periods of time. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study used latent growth curve modeling to examine the separate and unique contributions of 3 early social behaviors in 2nd grade (aggre…
Differential Susceptibility to Parenting in Adolescent Girls: Moderation by Neural Sensitivity to Social Cues
This research examined whether heightened neural activation to social cues confers adjustment advantages in supportive social contexts but adjustment disadvantages in stressful social contexts. Forty-five adolescent girls were exposed to social exclusion during an fMRI scan and reported on parent-child relationship quality and depressive symptoms. Stressful parent-child relationships predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in girls with high and…
Emotion mindsets and depressive symptoms in adolescence: The role of emotion regulation competence
Recent theories posit that emotion mindsets (i.e., the extent to which individuals believe emotions are malleable or fixed) play a crucial role in experiences of emotion and influence emotion regulation (ER) processes. Drawing from mindset theory, this study examined the hypothesis that fixed emotion mindsets (FEMs) would predict depressive symptoms via compromised ER competence in adolescence, a period when many first episodes of depression occu…
Developmental psychology (42 works) · Psychology (42 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (39 works) · Clinical Psychology (28 works) · Social Psychology (23 works) · Clinical Psychology (18 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (16 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (14 works) · Cognition (14 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (14 works)