Alberto Palloni
Biographic Data
| ID | 76977 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Alberto Palloni |
| GIVEN NAMES | Alberto |
| FAMILY NAME | Palloni |
| SIGNATURE | PALLONI A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2263-2207 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 88 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1273 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 88 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
Genes, mating and fertility as determinants of global obesity trends
We use formal models to assess the effects of ancillary processes that drive the global obesity epidemic, genetic heritability, gene-environment interactions, assortative mating and fertility differentials. We address a central question in the literature on obesity, namely, whether assortative mating by body size is a key determinant of time trends of the obesity phenotype. We compare the effect of assortative mating and fertility differentials t…
Grandparental Co-residence, Grandchildren's Nutrition, and the Role of Demographic and Health Regimes
In many modern populations, grandparents are increasingly becoming the primary caregivers of their grandchildren. This phenomenon has renewed interest in the role that grandparents play in within-family intergenerational transfers. However, few studies investigate variation in these patterns across populations experiencing different demographic and epidemiological regimes. We use Demographic and Health Survey data from 29 African countries and mu…
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS: ). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI 2 SD above the median). FINDINGS: From 1990 to 20…
Influence of Place of Birth on Adult Mortality: The Case of Spain
We use a unique data set from Spain and we estimate life expectancy at age 50 for males and females by place of residence and place of birth. We show that, consistent with expectations regarding the influence of early conditions on adult health and mortality, the effects of place of birth on adult mortality are very strong, irrespective of place of residence. Furthermore, we find that mortality levels observed in a place are strongly influenced b…
Understanding Geographic Disparities in Mortality
A rich literature shows that early-life conditions shape later-life outcomes, including health and migration events. However, analyses of geographic disparities in mortality outcomes focus almost exclusively on contemporaneously measured geographic place (e.g., state of residence at death), thereby potentially conflating the role of early-life conditions, migration patterns, and effects of destinations. We employ the newly available Mortality Dis…
Ready-Willing-Able: Early childhood mortality decline in Turkey
We test a conjecture to explain Turkey's decades-long 'underachievement' in early child mortality improvements. We argue that it is largely a consequence of cultural barriers to embracing available modern medical technology and healthcare practices. The empirical test rests on a reformulation of Coale's Ready-Willing-Able (RWA) framework for explaining fertility changes, which makes it suitable to understand mortality changes. We use structural e…
Population-level impact of adverse early life conditions on adult healthy life expectancy in low- and middle-income countries
Evidence from theories of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) suggests that experiencing adverse early life conditions subsequently leads to detrimental adult health outcomes. The bulk of empirical DOHaD literature does not consider the nature and magnitude of the impact of adverse early life conditions at the population level. In particular, it ignores the distortion of age and cohort patterns of adult health and mortality and th…
Early Exposure to County Income Mobility and Adult Individual Health in the United States
The paper provides a precise assessment of the hypothesis that childhood exposure to income mobility regimes may influence health status through behavior later in life and contribute to longevity gaps. Only partial evidence on smoking suggests an association between income mobility and health, so we discuss potential reasons for the disparities in results with previous research
Estimation of older-adult mortality from information distorted by systematic age misreporting
Testing theories about human senescence and longevity demands accurate information on older-adult mortality; this is rare in low- to middle-income countries where raw data may be distorted by defective completeness and systematic age misreporting. For this reason, such populations are frequently excluded from empirical tests of mortality and longevity theories, thus limiting their reach, as they reflect only a small and selected human mortality e…
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: A pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million p…
BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease …
Where and When: Sharpening the lens on geographic disparities in mortality
Life course theories suggest that geographic disparities in mortality may reflect a history of place-based exposures rather than (or in addition to) contemporaneous exposures; yet, few studies examined early life place exposures and later life mortality in the US due to data limitations. The aim of this study is to assess and compare the importance of state of birth and state of residence in predicting mortality for adults over age 50 in the US. …
The Consequences of Incarceration for Mortality in the United States
Previous research has suggested that incarceration has negative implications for individuals’ well-being, health, and mortality. Most of these studies, however, have not followed former prisoners over an extended period and into older adult ages, when the risk of health deterioration and mortality is the greatest. Contributing to this literature, this study is the first to employ the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to estimate the long-run …
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3–6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean B…
Impact of delayed effects on human old-age mortality
To our knowledge this is the first time that implications of DOHaD conjectures for populations' mortality patterns are formulated precisely and empirically tested with aggregate population data
Social and population health science approaches to understand the human microbiome
Cohort Profile: The Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS)
The Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) was designed to prospectively evaluate the impact of disease on the health, function and mortality of adults over the age of 50 in both urban and rural areas of Mexico. The overall goal of the study is to examine the ageing process and its disease and disability burden in a large representative panel of older Mexicans, using a wide socioeconomic perspective. The study protocols and survey instruments are …
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and …
BACKGROUND: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. METHODS: We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height…
Discrete Barker Frailty and Warped Mortality Dynamics at Older Ages
We develop a discrete variant of a general model for adult mortality influenced by the delayed impact of early conditions on adult health and mortality. The discrete variant of the model builds on an intuitively appealing interpretation of conditions that induce delayed effects and is an extension of the discrete form of the standard frailty model with distinct implications. We show that introducing delayed effects is equivalent to perturbing adu…
SES Gradients Among Mexicans in the United States and in Mexico: A New Twist to the Hispanic Paradox
Recent empirical findings have suggested the existence of a twist in the Hispanic paradox, in which Mexican and other Hispanic foreign-born migrants living in the United States experience shallower socioeconomic status (SES) health disparities than those in the U.S. population. In this article, we seek to replicate this finding and test conjectures that could explain this new observed phenomenon using objective indicators of adult health by educa…
Is the US Old-Age Mortality Advantage Vanishing
Americans experience higher mortality than their peers in other high-income countries for most of the life course, but recent work has shown that at the oldest ages they experience a mortality advantage- a phenomenon we call the "US mortality crossover." In this paper we document the crossover and time trends thereof. We find that the age of crossover increases linearly by about 0.5 years per year, a pattern of changes that, to our knowledge, has…
Diffusion in Sociological Analysis
Cross-National Differences in Disability Among Elders: Transitions in Disability in Mexico and the United States
The findings suggest that the current rate of disability in old age is lower for a less developed country compared with a developed society. We discuss implications, possible explanations, and likely future scenarios
The Enduring Effects of Smoking in Latin America
Objectives. We estimated smoking-attributable mortality, assessed the impact of past smoking on recent mortality, and computed expected future losses in life expectancy caused by past and current smoking behavior in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. We used a regression-based procedure to estimate smoking-attributable mortality and information for 6 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Uruguay) for the years 1980 through…
Do Different Methods for Modeling Age-Graded Trajectories Yield Consistent and Valid Results
Data on age-sequenced trajectories of individuals’ attributes are used for a growing number of research purposes. However, there is no consensus about which method to use to identify the number of discrete trajectories in a population or to assign individuals to a specific trajectory group. The authors modeled real and simulated trajectory data using “naïve” methods, optimal matching, grade of membership models, and three types of finite-mixture …
Making Punishment Pay: The Political Economy of Revenue, Race, and Regime in the California Prison Boom
Sociologists have neglected the politically channeled and racially connected role of leveraged debt in mass incarceration. We use qualitative and quantitative data from California, circa 1960-2000, to assess how Republican entrepreneurial leveraging of debt overcame contradictions between parochial preferences for punishment and resistance to paying taxes for building prisons. The leveraging of bond debt deferred and externalized the costs of bui…
Paradox lost: Explaining the hispanic adult mortality advantage
We tested three competing hypotheses regarding the adult “Hispanic mortality paradox”: data artifact, migration, and cultural or social buffering effects. On the basis of a series of parametric hazard models estimated on nine years of mortality follow-up data, our results suggest that the “Hispanic” mortality advantage is a feature found only among foreign-born Mexicans and foreign born Hispanics other than Cubans or Puerto Ricans. Our analysis s…
Social Capital and International Migration: A Test Using Information on Family Networks
This article uses a multistate hazard model to test the network hypothesis of social capital theory. The effects of family network ties on individual migration are estimated while controlling for measured and unmeasured conditions that influence migration risks for all family members. Results suggest that social network effects are robust to the introduction of controls for human capital, common household characteristics, and unobserved condition…
Reproducing inequalities: Luck, wallets, and the enduring effects of childhood health
In this article, I argue that research on social stratification, on intergenerational transmission of inequalities, and on the theory of factor payments and wage determination will be strengthened by studying the role played by early childhood health. I show that the inclusion of such a factor requires researchers to integrate theories in each of these fields with new theories linking early childhood health conditions and events that occur at lat…
Sociological Criminology and the Mythology of Hispanic Immigration and Crime
Our sociological knowledge of crime is fragmented and ineffective in challenging and correcting mistaken public perceptions, for example, linking immigration and crime. These misperceptions are perpetuated by government reports of growing numbers of Hispanic immigrants in U.S. prisons. However, Hispanic immigrants are disproportionately young males who regardless of citizenship are at greater risk of criminal involvement. They are also more vulne…
Migration Selection, Protection, and Acculturation in Health: A Binational Perspective on Older Adults
In this article, we test for four potential explanations of the Hispanic Health Paradox (HHP): the “salmon bias,” emigration selection, and sociocultural protection originating in either destination or sending country. To reduce biases related to attrition by return migration typical of most U.S.-based surveys, we combine data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study in Mexico and the U.S. National Health Interview Survey to compare self-reported …
Persistent marriage regimes in changing times
Marriage among women in Latin America occurs early in life and is nearly universal in spite of the social and economic changes and instability in the region. We use demographic measures to illustrate the precociousness, persistence, and universality of marriage during the past 50 years. We argue that marriage is central to social life because families serve as an important cultural institution for countering the vicissitudes of the economy. Women…
Early childhood health, reproduction of economic inequalities and the persistence of health and mortality differentials
Effects of Inter-Birth Intervals and Breastfeeding on Infant and Early Childhood Mortality
Data from the World Fertility Survey for selected Latin American countries are used to produce estimates of the simultaneous effects of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality during infancy and between first and fifth birthday. This is done by postulating models which take into account the reciprocal influences between the dynamics of birth intervals and breastfeeding. We also attempt to show that the effects vary according to severa…
The Social Reproduction of a Criminal Class in Working-Class London, Circa 1950-1980
The historical concept of a criminal class includes a sociological reference to the concentration and recurrence of crime within groups and across generations. Two family-linked processes may lead to the social reproduction of a criminal class: a cultural/characterological process involving child-raising conditions and practices, and a structural/imputational process involving official labeling. Mead's concern about the perpetuation of a "permane…
The effects of infant mortality on fertility revisited: New evidence from latin america
In this paper, we examine empirical evidence for a relation between infant and child mortality and fertility in Latin American countries from 1920 to 1990. We investigate the relation at several levels of aggregation and evaluate the extent to which evidence at one level is consistent with evidence at other levels. Wefirst examine aggregate cross-country information over several decades, a type of data typically used in past research on the topic…
Mortality in Latin America: Emerging Patterns
During the mid to late 1960s and the early 1970s the process of mortality decline in Latin America appears to have experienced some setbacks. Although by no means generalized a decrease in the pace of gains in life expectancy affected countries at relatively advanced stages of their mortality transition as well as those at early stages. In addition to the deceleration of the rates of gains of life expectancy Latin American countries exhibit a pec…
Do Different Methods for Modeling Age-Graded Trajectories Yield Consistent and Valid Results
Data on age-sequenced trajectories of individuals’ attributes are used for a growing number of research purposes. However, there is no consensus about which method to use to identify the number of discrete trajectories in a population or to assign individuals to a specific trajectory group. The authors modeled real and simulated trajectory data using “naïve” methods, optimal matching, grade of membership models, and three types of finite-mixture …
The Science of Human Rights, War Crimes, and Humanitarian Emergencies
Sociology can be an important disciplinary bridge between the study of what demographers call forced migration and mortality and what legal sociologists and criminologists understand as war crimes. The challenge is to develop a critically informed sociological synthesis that joins our understanding of the frequently politicized health and violence dimensions of what are also diplomatically called 'complex' humanitarian emergencies. The frequency …
Crimes as Social Events in the Life Course: Reconceiving a Criminological Controversy
Economic Swings and Demographic Changes in the History of Latin America
In this paper we study the effects of short-term fluctuations in indicators of economic well-being on selected demographic response such as births, marriages and deaths at age intervals in eleven Latin American countries between 1910 and 1990. We use conventional distributed lag models to assess the magnitude and direction of effects and test a variety of hypotheses some of which have been posed to hold in Western Europe and others that are more …
The effects of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality at early ages
The effects of the pace of childbearing and breastfeeding practices on infant mortality have rarely been considered together. In this paper, we design and use a set of methodological tools to test a variety of hypotheses postulating the effects of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality in infancy and early childhood, the mechanisms through which those effects operate, and the contingencies that strengthen or weaken them. The strong e…
Maternal and infant health of Mexican immigrants in the USA: The effects of acculturation, duration, and selective return migration
The analyses of birth outcomes of Mexican immigrant women shows little evidence of an acculturation effect and indirectly suggest the existence of a selective return migration mechanism
Early life exposures and the occurrence and timing of heart disease among the older adult Puerto Rican population
Few studies have examined the effects of early life conditions on the timing of the onset of heart disease. We use the remarkable example of a representative sample of the population of older Puerto Ricans aged 60– 74 who lived in the countryside during childhood (n = 1,438) to examine the effects of seasonal exposures to poor nutrition and infectious diseases during late gestation on the timing of the onset and the probability of ever experienci…
Population and Deforestation in Costa Rica
Club Fed” and the Sentencing of White‐collar Offenders Before and After Watergate
This paper counterposes the common assumption that criminal justice systems are resistant to reform with the widespread belief that the sentencing of white‐collar offenders became more severe after Watergate. It is argued that readjustments may be more more common than actual reforms in criminal justice systems. This paper provides an example of how such processes of readjustment can be explored in the context of sentencing decisions made before …
Wealth in Middle and Old Age in Mexico: The Role of International Migration
This article examines the impact that past migration to the U.S. has on the current economic well-being of individuals in middle or old age who have returned to Mexico. A priori, the net effect of U.S. migration on wealth among return migrants is difficult to predict; there are counteracting factors that can affect wealth positively or negatively. Using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2001 and correcting for selection factors, the lo…
The Tide to Come: Elderly Health in Latin America and the Caribbean
This article introduces a conjecture and reviews partial evidence about peculiarities in the aging of populations in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) that may impact future elderly health status. Using Survey on Health and Well-Being of Elders data (SABE; n = 10,902), the authors estimated effects of early childhood conditions on adult diabetes and heart disease. Using Waaler-type surfaces, the authors obtained expected mortality risks for S…
The Consequences of Incarceration for Mortality in the United States
Previous research has suggested that incarceration has negative implications for individuals’ well-being, health, and mortality. Most of these studies, however, have not followed former prisoners over an extended period and into older adult ages, when the risk of health deterioration and mortality is the greatest. Contributing to this literature, this study is the first to employ the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to estimate the long-run …
Early Life Exposure to Poor Nutrition and Infectious Diseases and Its Effects on the Health of Older Puerto Rican Adults
Timing of birth may reveal conditions experienced perinatally that affect adult heart disease and diabetes. The results suggest that examination of the effects of season of birth on these chronic conditions among older Puerto Rican adults and among older adults from similar populations deserves deeper scrutiny
Survey Data for the Study of Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean: Selected Studies
The article summarizes three of the data collection studies that can assist researchers in examining population aging processes in the Latin America and Caribbean region with an emphasis on cross-national comparisons, including the population of Mexican immigrants in the United States. These are the Survey on Health and Wellbeing of Elders conducted in seven urban centers of the region, the national Mexican Health and Aging Study, and the Hispani…
A History of Italian Fertility
A new technique to estimate infant mortality with an application for El Salvador and Colombia
The paper presents new estimates of infant mortality for Colombia and El Salvador for the years 1950–1970. These estimates are obtained by using a technique which improves on Brass’s method in that it suppresses the assumption of constant mortality and introduces instead assumptions about linear and nonlinear changes in mortality risks affecting various cohorts of individuals
Internal colonialism or clientelistic politics? The case of Southern Italy
Estimating infant and childhood mortality under conditions of changing mortality
It is well known that estimates of infant mortality obtained using Brass's technique are very accurate. Biases are introduced, however, when one or more of the assumptions on which it relies are violated. Departures from the assumption of constant fertility may be handled by using a variant of the technique which depends on information on the age distribution of surviving children, rather than on indexes of the fertility function. Violations of t…
Adjusting data on children‐ever‐born for nonresponse
A procedure is proposed to correct observed distributions of mothers by the number of children ever born. This procedure is derived from exact equalities and improves upon the widely used technique originally devised by El‐Badry
Mortality decline in Latin America: Changes in the structure of causes of deaths, 1950-1975
Some of the characteristics of the process of mortality decline in Latin America were studied for the 1955-73 period. General characteristics of mortality decline were examined and total and cause specific standardized death rates were examined in an effort to uncover the contribution of changes in the incidence of some diseases to the rate of decline in the initial stages of the process. The relationship between socioeconomic factors and total a…
Mortality in Latin America: Emerging Patterns
During the mid to late 1960s and the early 1970s the process of mortality decline in Latin America appears to have experienced some setbacks. Although by no means generalized a decrease in the pace of gains in life expectancy affected countries at relatively advanced stages of their mortality transition as well as those at early stages. In addition to the deceleration of the rates of gains of life expectancy Latin American countries exhibit a pec…
Lavoro e Maternita. Relazioni tra il Lavoro della Donna e la Gravidanza. Il Parto ed il Prodotto del Concepimento.
Estimating adult mortality with maternal orphanhood data: Analysis of sensitivity of the techniques
Techniques based on proportions of maternal orphans have been widely used to estimate women's mortality at adult ages. Such techniques are based on relatively few but significantly strong assumptions. As real conditions may depart to different degrees from the latter, the results obtained from the application of the technique can be biased. In this paper we assess the magnitude and direction of the bias introduced when: (a) mortality has changed …
Estimation of adult mortality using forward and backward projections
In this paper it is shown that, contrary to our intuitive understanding of the nature of population projection, the estimation of adult intercensal mortality leads to different results depending on whether forward or backward projection of the population is used. From this result a simple procedure is developed that yields estimates of the completeness of adult mortality registration. Finally, the nature and performance of a variety of methods th…
Analyzing Population Trends
Births, Deaths, and Taxes: The Demographic and Political Transitions
This book is concerned with the relationship between political change and demographic change. In particular the authors attempt to identify how political changes affect patterns of fertility and mortality and they maintain that the growth in government power as measured by increases in taxation has a direct influence on the number of children born and the number of people dying in a given population. According to this hypothesis the larger the sc…
The effects of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality at early ages
The effects of the pace of childbearing and breastfeeding practices on infant mortality have rarely been considered together. In this paper, we design and use a set of methodological tools to test a variety of hypotheses postulating the effects of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality in infancy and early childhood, the mechanisms through which those effects operate, and the contingencies that strengthen or weaken them. The strong e…
Club Fed” and the Sentencing of White‐collar Offenders Before and After Watergate
This paper counterposes the common assumption that criminal justice systems are resistant to reform with the widespread belief that the sentencing of white‐collar offenders became more severe after Watergate. It is argued that readjustments may be more more common than actual reforms in criminal justice systems. This paper provides an example of how such processes of readjustment can be explored in the context of sentencing decisions made before …
Effects of Inter-Birth Intervals and Breastfeeding on Infant and Early Childhood Mortality
Data from the World Fertility Survey for selected Latin American countries are used to produce estimates of the simultaneous effects of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality during infancy and between first and fifth birthday. This is done by postulating models which take into account the reciprocal influences between the dynamics of birth intervals and breastfeeding. We also attempt to show that the effects vary according to severa…
Une méthode « indépendante du modèle de mortalité » pour estimer l'exhaustivité de l'enregistrement des décès infanto-juvéniles
Palloni Alberto. - Une méthode indépendante du modèle de mortalité pour estimer l'ex- haustivité de l'enregistrement des décès infanto-juvéniles. L'auteur présente une méthode qui permet d'estimer les quotients de mortalité entre anniversaires à l'intérieur de l'intervalle d'âge 0-4. Le procédé ne dépend pas du choix d'un modèle de mortalité et demande de connaître seulement : 1) les quotients de mortalité entre la naissance et les âges 2, 3 et 5…
Une méthode "indépendante du modèle de mortalité" pour estimer l'exhaustivité de l'enregistrement de l'enregistrement des décès infanto-juvéniles
Palloni Alberto. Une méthode « indépendante du modèle de mortalité » pour estimer l'exhaustivité de l'enregistrement des décès infanto-juvéniles. In: Population, 41e année, n°4-5, 1986. pp. 803-819
Effects of Inter-Birth Intervals and Breastfeeding on Infant and Early Childhood Mortality
Data from the World Fertility Survey for selected Latin American countries are used to produce estimates of the simultaneous effects of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality during infancy and between first and fifth birthday. This is done by postulating models which take into account the reciprocal influences between the dynamics of birth intervals and breastfeeding. We also attempt to show that the effects vary according to severa…
Crimes as Social Events in the Life Course: Reconceiving a Criminological Controversy
On the Role of Crises in Historical Perspective: An Exchange: Comment
IN AN ARTICLE published in this journal, Susan Watkins and Jane Menken argued against the thesis that preindustrial population growth could have been kept at near-zero levels as a result of population crises created by famines (Watkins and Menken, 1985). The tenor of their arguments, as well as the generality of their empirical results, suggests that such population checks are, inter alia, equally unlikely to restrain population growth in contemp…
Mesure et analyse de la mortalité: Nouvelles Approches
Vallin Jacques. Mesure et analyse de la mortalité : nouvelles approches. Présentation d'un Cahier de l'INED. In: Population, 43e année, n°2, 1988. pp. 451-458
The Study of Family Organizations with Formal Models
The Effects of Breastfeeding and Contraception on the Natural Rate of Increase: Are There Compensating Effects
The prevalence of intentional control of reproduction increases in developing countries in which there is rapid modernization, and there are also important changes in breastfeeding practices. The effects of increased contraception and reduced breastfeeding on the pace and level of fertility and on the patterns and levels of infant and early childhood mortality are in opposite directions. In this paper we propose a technique to estimate the net ef…
The Lingering Promise of a Structural Criminology
Structural Criminology
Sociology (51 works) · Demography (49 works) · Medicine (43 works) · Population (43 works) · Political science (42 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (32 works) · Economics (30 works) · Geography (29 works) · Demography (28 works) · Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management (23 works)