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Francisco Carlos Specian Junior

Biographic Data

ID7721585
NAMEFrancisco Carlos Specian Junior
GIVEN NAMESFrancisco Carlos
FAMILY NAMESpecian Junior
SIGNATUREJUNIOR F C S
AFFILIATIONSUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
ORCID0000-0002-4220-2642
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS4
TOTAL CITATIONS0
AUTHOR COUNT4
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2023
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX0
  • Comparing faded examples and cued reflection in teaching diagnostic reasoning

    Open Access•Francisco Carlos Specian Junior, Silvia Mamede et al.•ARTICLE•Medical Teacher•2026

    Introduction Clinical reasoning is essential for patient safety but challenging to teach. Deliberate reflection (DR), which involves systematically contrasting diagnostic hypotheses during case practice, improves diagnostic performance, yet the optimal level of guidance remains unclear. Faded-examples progressively reduce guidance and may enhance future case performance. This study compared the effects of faded-examples and cued reflection on med…

  • Comparison of cognitive workload between very short answer questions and multiple-choice questions

    Open Access•Maria Gabriela Carneiro Queiroz, Francisco Carlos Specian Junior et al.•ARTICLE•Medical Education Online•2026

    Very short answer questions (VSAQs) have gained attention for their superior psychometric properties compared to multiple-choice questions (MCQs). While VSAQs require knowledge recall, MCQs primarily involve knowledge recognition. This difference in cognitive processes may lead to varying cognitive workloads, defined as the amount of mental processing in working memory. Previous studies have not demonstrated consistent differences, likely due to …

  • Use of eye tracking in medical education

    Francisco Carlos Specian Junior, Damien Litchfield et al.•ARTICLE•Medical Teacher•2024

    Eye tracking has become increasingly applied in medical education research for studying the cognitive processes that occur during the performance of a task, such as image interpretation and surgical skills development. However, analysis and interpretation of the large amount of data obtained by eye tracking can be confusing. In this article, our intention is to clarify the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained from eye tracking. Unders…

  • Identifying the response process validity of clinical vignette-type multiple choice questions

    Francisco Carlos Specian Junior, Thiago Martins Santos et al.•ARTICLE•Medical Teacher•2023

    Introduction Clinical vignette-type multiple choice questions (CV-MCQs) are widely used in assessment and identifying the response process validity (RPV) of questions with low and high integration of knowledge is essential. Answering CV-MCQs of different levels of knowledge application and integration can be understood from a cognitive workload perspective and this can be identified by using eye-tracking. The aim of the pilot study was to identif…

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  • Identifying the response process validity of clinical vignette-type multiple choice questions

    Francisco Carlos Specian Junior, Thiago Martins Santos et al.•ARTICLE•Medical Teacher•2023

    Introduction Clinical vignette-type multiple choice questions (CV-MCQs) are widely used in assessment and identifying the response process validity (RPV) of questions with low and high integration of knowledge is essential. Answering CV-MCQs of different levels of knowledge application and integration can be understood from a cognitive workload perspective and this can be identified by using eye-tracking. The aim of the pilot study was to identif…

  • Use of eye tracking in medical education

    Francisco Carlos Specian Junior, Damien Litchfield et al.•ARTICLE•Medical Teacher•2024

    Eye tracking has become increasingly applied in medical education research for studying the cognitive processes that occur during the performance of a task, such as image interpretation and surgical skills development. However, analysis and interpretation of the large amount of data obtained by eye tracking can be confusing. In this article, our intention is to clarify the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained from eye tracking. Unders…

  • Comparing faded examples and cued reflection in teaching diagnostic reasoning

    Open Access•Francisco Carlos Specian Junior, Silvia Mamede et al.•ARTICLE•Medical Teacher•2026

    Introduction Clinical reasoning is essential for patient safety but challenging to teach. Deliberate reflection (DR), which involves systematically contrasting diagnostic hypotheses during case practice, improves diagnostic performance, yet the optimal level of guidance remains unclear. Faded-examples progressively reduce guidance and may enhance future case performance. This study compared the effects of faded-examples and cued reflection on med…

  • Comparison of cognitive workload between very short answer questions and multiple-choice questions

    Open Access•Maria Gabriela Carneiro Queiroz, Francisco Carlos Specian Junior et al.•ARTICLE•Medical Education Online•2026

    Very short answer questions (VSAQs) have gained attention for their superior psychometric properties compared to multiple-choice questions (MCQs). While VSAQs require knowledge recall, MCQs primarily involve knowledge recognition. This difference in cognitive processes may lead to varying cognitive workloads, defined as the amount of mental processing in working memory. Previous studies have not demonstrated consistent differences, likely due to …

Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills (3 works) · Cognition (3 works) · Eye tracking (3 works) · Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes (3 works) · Workload (3 works) · Artificial Intelligence (2 works) · Artificial Intelligence (2 works) · Computer Science (2 works) · Eye movement (2 works) · Medicine (2 works)

Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae