Mara H Hutz
Biographic Data
| ID | 77972 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mara H Hutz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mara H |
| FAMILY NAME | Hutz |
| SIGNATURE | HUTZ M H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9146-1229 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 47 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 141 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 47 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Variability of innate immune system genes in Native A merican populations—relationship with history and epidemiology
OBJECTIVES: The immune system of a host, defending him/her against invading pathogens, has two main subsystems: innate immunity and acquired immunity. There are several evidences showing that Native American populations are immunologically different from non-Native populations. Our aim was to describe the variability of innate immune system genes in Native American populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated heterozygozities and patterns …
Stability or variation? Patterns of lactase gene and its enhancer region distributions in Brazilian Amerindians
Lactase persistence (LP) is the phenotypic trait in which lactase secretion is maintained during adulthood. LP is due to mutations in the LCT enhancer region, located 14‐kb upstream of the gene. In Europeans, the −13910*T allele is associated with LP. In Africans this allele is rare while other mutations in this same region were related to LP. The LCT is highly polymorphic in human populations, but so far Brazilian Amerindians had not been invest…
Autosome STRs in native South America-Testing models of association with geography and language
Information on one Ecuadorian and three Peruvian Amerindian populations for 11 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci is presented and incorporated in analyses that includes 26 other Native groups spread all over South America. Although in comparison with other studies we used a reduced number of markers, the number of populations included in our analyses is currently unmatched by any genome-wide dataset. The genetic polymorphisms indicate a cl…
French Guiana Amerindian demographic history as revealed by autosomal and Y-chromosome STRs
Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo
Dopamine receptor D4 allele distribution in Amerindians: A reflection of past behavior differences
The DRD4 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) allele distribution of 172 Guarani (Kaiowá and Ñandeva subgroups) and Kaingang Brazilian Amerindians is reported. These results are integrated with those previously obtained for this ethnic group. Allele frequencies for the three populations are within the interval observed for 15 other Native American populations and show intermediate values between those observed in Amazonia and Patagonia. Signi…
Autosomal STR Analyses in Native Amazonian Tribes Suggest a Population Structure Driven by Isolation by Distance
Eleven short tandem repeat loci (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, TH01, and TPOX) were investigated in 232 individuals from 6 Amazonian native tribes (Tiriyó, Waiãpi, Zoé, Urubu-Kaapor, Awa-Guajá, and Parakanã). We added the new data to a database that included five previously typed native populations from the same area (Wai Wai, Gavião, Zoró, Suruí, and Xavante). The results presented here concern this …
Autosomal STR Analyses in Native Amazonian Tribes Suggest a Population Structure Driven by Isolation by Distance
Eleven short tandem repeat loci (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, TH01, and TPOX) were investigated in 232 individuals from 6 Amazonian native tribes (Tiriyó, Waiãpi, Zoé, Urubu-Kaapor, Awa-Guajá, and Parakanã). We added the new data to a database that included five previously typed native populations from the same area (Wai Wai, Gavião, Zoró, Suruí, and Xavante). The results presented here concern this …
Linkage disequilibrium patterns and genetic structure of Amerindian and non‐Amerindian Brazilian populations revealed by long‐range X‐STR markers
The extent of X‐chromosome linkage disequilibrium (LD) was studied in a southern Brazilian population, and in a pool of samples from Amerindian populations. For this purpose, 11 microsatellites, located mostly in a Xq region comprising ∼86 Mb was investigated. The lower Amerindian gene diversity associated with significant differences between the populations studied indicated population structure as the main cause for the higher LD values in the …
Y‐STR analysis in Brazilian and South Amerindian populations
A sample of 203 Brazilian males from Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Brazilian southernmost state, was typed for 11 Y‐STR markers (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS439). We also typed 42 individuals from two South Amerindian tribes (Kaingang and Guarani) to use the data as parental Amerindian contribution to our analyses. Gene and haplotypic diversities were estimated, with the South Amerindian samples…
Autosomal STR genetic variability in the Gran Chaco native population: Homogeneity or heterogeneity
To investigate the population structure and variation in Gran Chaco's Amerindian population, data from 15 short tandem repeats (STRs) were determined in 128 individuals from three tribes of the Argentinean part of this region. STR genotypic differences, structure analysis, and multidimensional plot for the D(A) distances indicated that (1) Wichí from the Chaco Province are genetically distinct from the other populations, but still preserve a fair…
The β‐globin gene cluster distribution revisited—Patterns in Native American populations
New frequencies for the β‐globin gene cluster haplotypes are presented for the Aché ( N = 82 individuals), Guarani ( N = 76), and Kaingang ( N = 54), three Native South American populations that live in an area between parallels 20°S and 30°S not covered by previous studies at this locus. The haplotype frequencies obtained for the three populations are within the interval observed for 28 other Native American populations. The Aché show much less …
Impact of variation inADRB2, ADRB3, andGNB3 genes on body mass index and waist circumference in a Brazilian population
The potential effect of variants in three catecholaminergic pathway genes (ADRB2, ADRB3, and GNB3) on obesity-related traits was investigated in an European-derived Brazilian population. Three-hundred and thirty-five individuals were screened for the ADRB2 Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu, ADRB3 Trp64Arg, and GNB3 814G-->A and 825C-->T polymorphisms using PCR-based methods. The association of the polymorphisms with quantitative variables was tested separate…
Demographic and evolutionary trajectories of the Guarani and Kaingang natives of Brazil
A total of 278 individuals from two Brazilian Indian tribes (Guarani and Kaingang) living in five different localities had their mitochondrial DNA sequenced for the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I), and a fraction of them was also studied for seven biallelic Y-chromosome polymorphisms. Nineteen HVS-I lineages were detected, which showed distinct distributions in the two tribes. The G ST value obtained with the mtDNA data is about 5 times highe…
Geography influences microsatellite polymorphism diversity in Amerindians
Data related to 15 short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) are reported for four South American Indian populations, and integrated with previous Brazilian Indian results. Overall heterozygosities varied significantly among groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.002). The lowest levels of heterozygosity were observed in the Ache, Ayoreo, and Surui, an expected finding considering their isolation and ethnohistory. Genetic distance and gene diversity …
T-Cell and chemokine receptor variation in South Amerindian populations
The immune response of relatively small, endogamous populations is of special interest, because they may differ from those of large, ethnically diverse, urban groups. As a contribution to this area of investigation, we tested 99 individuals from two Brazilian native populations for two T-cell receptor gene segments (TCRBV3S1 and TCRBV18) and 241 subjects from eight tribes of this ethnic group in relation to the chemokine receptor CCR5delta32 alle…
Genetic Support for Proposed Patterns of Relationship among Lowland South American Languages
Previous articleNext article FreeReportsGenetic Support for Proposed Patterns of Relationship among Lowland South American Languages1FranciscoMauroSalzano, MaraHelenaHutz, SabrinaPintoSalamoni, PaulaRohr, and SidiaMariaCallegariJacquesFranciscoMauroSalzanoDepartamento de Gentica, Instituto de Biocincias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (all authors)/Departamento de Estatstica, Insti…
Intra- and Intercontinental Molecular Variability of an Alu Insertion in the 3' Untranslated Region of the LDLR Gene
One-hundred three individuals from two Mongolian, two Siberian, and ten native American populations were studied in relation to a 340-bp sequence from an Alu insertion located in the 3' untranslated region of the LDLR gene. Seven haplotypes have been determined, and haplotype B1 was the most common, accounting for about half the sequences found. In general, diversity values are quite high, about 2.5 times higher than those found in other autosoma…
Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas
Historical genetics: Spatiotemporal analysis of the formation of the Brazilian population
A total of 1,037 individuals living in five different sociogeographic regions of Brazil were studied in relation to 12 short tandem repeat polymorphisms. The objective was to assess the degree of European, African, and Amerindian contributions to their gene pools. Although most of the genetic variability was found within regions, significant differences were also observed between regions. The estimated relative proportions of the above‐indicated …
Polymorphisms of CYP1a1 , CYP2e1 , GSTM1 , GSTT1 , and TP53 genes in Amerindians
Polymorphisms at the TP53 , cytochrome P‐450 ( CYP ), and glutathione S‐transferase ( GST ) genes are related to cancer susceptibility and present high diversity in allele frequencies among ethnic groups. This study concerns the CYP2E1 , GSTM1 , and GSTT1 polymorphisms in seven Amerindian populations (Xavante, Guarani, Aché, Wai Wai, Zoró, Surui, and Gavião). Polymorphic sites at CYP1A1 and TP53 were also studied in the Aché and Guarani tribes an…
O componente genético da determinação dos lipídeos séricos
Os níveis de lipídeos séricos são características multifatoriais determinadas por um grande número de fatores genéticos e ambientais. A identificação do componente genético dessas características tem sido intensamente investigada nos últimos anos. Esses estudos têm enfocado principalmente polimorfismos nos genes que codificam proteínas estruturais e enzimas relacionadas com o metabolismo de lipídeos. Estudos mais recentes mostraram que o efeito d…
Lipoprotein lipase and Apoe/Apoc‐I/Apoc‐II gene cluster diversity in native Brazilian populations
Allele and haplotype frequencies for the T‐93G, Hind III, and Pvu II variants of the lipoprotein lipase gene ( LPL ), and Hpa I and Ava II restriction site polymorphisms (RSP) of the APOE/C‐I/C‐II gene cluster were determined in 143 individuals from five Brazilian Indian tribes. These results were integrated with those previously reported for APOE. Marked interethnic variability occurs in these sites. A strong linkage disequilibrium was observed …
Alu insertions versus blood group plus protein genetic variability in four Amerindian populations
The answer to the first question posed above is affirmative. However, the problem of whether the Aché derived from a Gê group that preceded the Guarani colonization of Paraguay, or are just a differentiated Guarani group, could not be answered with the genetic information available; the second hypothesis seems more likely at present, but the point to be emphasized is the striking genetic distinctiveness of the Aché as compared to other Amerindian…
Low Levels of STRP Variability Are Not Universal in American Indians
Data related to 15 short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) are reported for five Brazilian Indian populations, and a set of them compared with results previously reported for Asian, neo-Brazilian, North American, Iberian, and African populations. The low variability observed for these markers among the Suruí Indians is confirmed, but the other populations show variability levels that are similar to those found elsewhere. Previous suggestions of…
High Frequency of CYP1A*2C Allele in Brazilian Populations
The genetic variability of the CYP1A1 I462V polymorphism (CYP1A1*2C) was investigated in four Brazilian populations: three groups of African descent and one group of European descent. The CYP1A1 polymorphism was analyzed by two different procedures, first by the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and then by the PCR-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method before digestion with BsrDI. The frequency of CYP1A1 *…
Demographic and evolutionary trajectories of the Guarani and Kaingang natives of Brazil
A total of 278 individuals from two Brazilian Indian tribes (Guarani and Kaingang) living in five different localities had their mitochondrial DNA sequenced for the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I), and a fraction of them was also studied for seven biallelic Y-chromosome polymorphisms. Nineteen HVS-I lineages were detected, which showed distinct distributions in the two tribes. The G ST value obtained with the mtDNA data is about 5 times highe…
Autosome STRs in native South America-Testing models of association with geography and language
Information on one Ecuadorian and three Peruvian Amerindian populations for 11 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci is presented and incorporated in analyses that includes 26 other Native groups spread all over South America. Although in comparison with other studies we used a reduced number of markers, the number of populations included in our analyses is currently unmatched by any genome-wide dataset. The genetic polymorphisms indicate a cl…
Low Levels of STRP Variability Are Not Universal in American Indians
Data related to 15 short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) are reported for five Brazilian Indian populations, and a set of them compared with results previously reported for Asian, neo-Brazilian, North American, Iberian, and African populations. The low variability observed for these markers among the Suruí Indians is confirmed, but the other populations show variability levels that are similar to those found elsewhere. Previous suggestions of…
The Wai Wai Indians of South America: History and Genetics
Demographic medical and genetic information was obtained in a population of Carib-speaking Wai Wai Indians living in northern Brazil. At present mortality is low and fertility moderate, with a low variance in offspring number in completed families. Mobility is high, but about two-thirds of the unions are endogamic. Malaria is the main health problem. Phenotype and allele frequencies were obtained for 27 protein genetic systems. Comparison with si…
The caingang revisited: Blood genetics and anthropometry
A total of 248 individuals belonging to four populations of Caingang Indians from southern Brazil were stuided in relation to 23 genetic systems that are expressed in blood and one manifested on saliva. These results were compared with those obtained in 400 members of these same communities that were subjected to 11 body measurements. Nine polymorphic loci (MNSs, P, Rh, Duffy, Diego, Hp, PGM 1 , ESD, and Gc) were chosen for the calculation of the…
Beta‐globin gene cluster haplotype distribution in five Brazilian Indian tribes
Haplotypes derived from five polymorphic restriction sites in the beta‐globin gene cluster were investigated in 139 individuals from five different Brazilian Indian tribes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eight haplotypes were identified. Haplotypes 2 (+−−−−) and 6 (−++−+) were the most frequent and were common to all tribes. Their prevalences ranged from 60% to 93% and from 3% to 18%, respectively. Average heterozy‐gosity measured by the …
Genetic variation within a linguistic group: Apalai‐Wayana and other Carib tribes
A total of 136 individuals were studied in relation to 31 genetic systems, and the results were compared with South American Indian averages and previous surveys on the Wayana of French Guiana and Surinam. The information was afterwards integrated with data from other Carib groups, and two types of genetic distances (Nei's and Edwards') were calculated a) between five groups, considering ten systems; and b) between nine groups, using five systems…
The β‐globin gene cluster distribution revisited—Patterns in Native American populations
New frequencies for the β‐globin gene cluster haplotypes are presented for the Aché ( N = 82 individuals), Guarani ( N = 76), and Kaingang ( N = 54), three Native South American populations that live in an area between parallels 20°S and 30°S not covered by previous studies at this locus. The haplotype frequencies obtained for the three populations are within the interval observed for 28 other Native American populations. The Aché show much less …
Genetic Support for Proposed Patterns of Relationship among Lowland South American Languages
Previous articleNext article FreeReportsGenetic Support for Proposed Patterns of Relationship among Lowland South American Languages1FranciscoMauroSalzano, MaraHelenaHutz, SabrinaPintoSalamoni, PaulaRohr, and SidiaMariaCallegariJacquesFranciscoMauroSalzanoDepartamento de Gentica, Instituto de Biocincias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (all authors)/Departamento de Estatstica, Insti…
Demography and genetics of the Sateré-Mawé and their bearing on the differentiation of the tupi tribes of South America
Blood genetic systems in four Amazonian tribes
Data on 31 genetic systems were obtained for 421 individuals belonging to the Arara, Arawete, Mundurucu, and Jamamadi tribes of northern Brazil. The Jamamadi depart farthest, and the Mundurucu least, from South American Indian averages. These data are analyzed together with those of 24 other Amazonian groups. Genetic distances and corresponding dendrograms indicate a cluster of 14 related tribes living north of the Amazon river. These genetic res…
Demography and blood genetics of Argentinian Mapuche Indians
The whole Mapuche Indian community of Blancura Centro was covered by a demographic census, with special attention given to variables of genetic interest. Afterwards a sample of it was investigated in relation to 22 genetic systems. The community can be characterized as a young group, with high fertility, but moderate mortality and endogamy. The index of opportunity for selection is relatively low (0.46). The presence of variation at the ABO and L…
Erythrocyte isozymes and hemoglobin types in a southern Brazilian population
Stability or variation? Patterns of lactase gene and its enhancer region distributions in Brazilian Amerindians
Lactase persistence (LP) is the phenotypic trait in which lactase secretion is maintained during adulthood. LP is due to mutations in the LCT enhancer region, located 14‐kb upstream of the gene. In Europeans, the −13910*T allele is associated with LP. In Africans this allele is rare while other mutations in this same region were related to LP. The LCT is highly polymorphic in human populations, but so far Brazilian Amerindians had not been invest…
Dopamine receptor D4 allele distribution in Amerindians: A reflection of past behavior differences
The DRD4 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) allele distribution of 172 Guarani (Kaiowá and Ñandeva subgroups) and Kaingang Brazilian Amerindians is reported. These results are integrated with those previously obtained for this ethnic group. Allele frequencies for the three populations are within the interval observed for 15 other Native American populations and show intermediate values between those observed in Amazonia and Patagonia. Signi…
Linkage disequilibrium patterns and genetic structure of Amerindian and non‐Amerindian Brazilian populations revealed by long‐range X‐STR markers
The extent of X‐chromosome linkage disequilibrium (LD) was studied in a southern Brazilian population, and in a pool of samples from Amerindian populations. For this purpose, 11 microsatellites, located mostly in a Xq region comprising ∼86 Mb was investigated. The lower Amerindian gene diversity associated with significant differences between the populations studied indicated population structure as the main cause for the higher LD values in the …
High Frequency of CYP1A*2C Allele in Brazilian Populations
The genetic variability of the CYP1A1 I462V polymorphism (CYP1A1*2C) was investigated in four Brazilian populations: three groups of African descent and one group of European descent. The CYP1A1 polymorphism was analyzed by two different procedures, first by the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and then by the PCR-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method before digestion with BsrDI. The frequency of CYP1A1 *…
The caingang revisited: Blood genetics and anthropometry
A total of 248 individuals belonging to four populations of Caingang Indians from southern Brazil were stuided in relation to 23 genetic systems that are expressed in blood and one manifested on saliva. These results were compared with those obtained in 400 members of these same communities that were subjected to 11 body measurements. Nine polymorphic loci (MNSs, P, Rh, Duffy, Diego, Hp, PGM 1 , ESD, and Gc) were chosen for the calculation of the…
Erythrocyte isozymes and hemoglobin types in a southern Brazilian population
Demography and genetics of the Sateré-Mawé and their bearing on the differentiation of the tupi tribes of South America
Genetic variation within the Tupi linguistic group: New data on three Amazonian tribes
A total of 505 individuals belonging to four populations of three Brazilian Indian tribes were variously studied in relation to 34 genetic systems, and the results were compared with South American Indian averages and five other Tupi populations. Rare variants (CdE of the Rh system, PGM211-1, Cp A-CAY1, serum cholinesterase2 C5+ and some Gm combinations) were observed with varying prevalences, and the three tribes showed different degrees of depa…
Genetic variation within a linguistic group: Apalai‐Wayana and other Carib tribes
A total of 136 individuals were studied in relation to 31 genetic systems, and the results were compared with South American Indian averages and previous surveys on the Wayana of French Guiana and Surinam. The information was afterwards integrated with data from other Carib groups, and two types of genetic distances (Nei's and Edwards') were calculated a) between five groups, considering ten systems; and b) between nine groups, using five systems…
Blood genetic systems in four Amazonian tribes
Data on 31 genetic systems were obtained for 421 individuals belonging to the Arara, Arawete, Mundurucu, and Jamamadi tribes of northern Brazil. The Jamamadi depart farthest, and the Mundurucu least, from South American Indian averages. These data are analyzed together with those of 24 other Amazonian groups. Genetic distances and corresponding dendrograms indicate a cluster of 14 related tribes living north of the Amazon river. These genetic res…
Further blood genetic studies on Amazonian diversity—Data from four Indian groups
Information related to 31 protein genetic systems was obtained for 307 individuals affiliated with the Cinta Larga, Karitiana, Surui and Kararaô Indians of northern Brazil. In terms of genetic distances the Cinta Larga showed more similarities with the Karitiana (both are Tupi-speaking tribes), while at a more distant level the Surui clustered with the Kararaô. The latter, a Cayapo subgroup, showed a completely different genetic constitution from…
Beta‐globin gene cluster haplotype distribution in five Brazilian Indian tribes
Haplotypes derived from five polymorphic restriction sites in the beta‐globin gene cluster were investigated in 139 individuals from five different Brazilian Indian tribes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eight haplotypes were identified. Haplotypes 2 (+−−−−) and 6 (−++−+) were the most frequent and were common to all tribes. Their prevalences ranged from 60% to 93% and from 3% to 18%, respectively. Average heterozy‐gosity measured by the …
Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in three Brazilian Indian tribes
The first 360 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) major noncoding region from 82 individuals affiliated with the Brazilian Xavante, Zoró and Gavião tribes were sequenced. A total of 14 different lineages were observed, the largest number (8) being found among the Zoró. The latter share five lineages with the Gavião (who are their neighbors and are culturally similar to them), but only one with the Xavante. The lineages can be grouped into…
Demography and blood genetics of Argentinian Mapuche Indians
The whole Mapuche Indian community of Blancura Centro was covered by a demographic census, with special attention given to variables of genetic interest. Afterwards a sample of it was investigated in relation to 22 genetic systems. The community can be characterized as a young group, with high fertility, but moderate mortality and endogamy. The index of opportunity for selection is relatively low (0.46). The presence of variation at the ABO and L…
The Wai Wai Indians of South America: History and Genetics
Demographic medical and genetic information was obtained in a population of Carib-speaking Wai Wai Indians living in northern Brazil. At present mortality is low and fertility moderate, with a low variance in offspring number in completed families. Mobility is high, but about two-thirds of the unions are endogamic. Malaria is the main health problem. Phenotype and allele frequencies were obtained for 27 protein genetic systems. Comparison with si…
Electrophoretic protein polymorphisms in Kaingang and Guarani Indians of Southern Brazil
A total of 337 Kaingang and Guarani Indians from two localities were studied in relation to 18 protein genetic loci. In one of the localities, members of these two groups live side by side but show little genetic similarity, emphasizing the influence of cultural factors in the mating behavior of human groups. Integrating the present results with previous ones, it was verified that the genetic relationships among six Kaingang populations do not fo…
Electrophoretic protein polymorphisms in Kaingang and Guarani Indians of Southern Brazil
A total of 337 Kaingang and Guarani Indians from two localities were studied in relation to 18 protein genetic loci. In one of the localities, members of these two groups live side by side but show little genetic similarity, emphasizing the influence of cultural factors in the mating behavior of human groups. Integrating the present results with previous ones, it was verified that the genetic relationships among six Kaingang populations do not fo…
Beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes in an admixed Venezuelan population
Haplotype frequencies for the beta-globin gene cluster were determined in 96 chromosomes from a Venezuelan mixed population. Twelve haplotypes were observed, the most frequent of which were 2, 3, and 4; all others showed prevalences below 10%. When the results were compared with those of 13 other groups using a phylogenetic tree, they clustered in an intermediate position somewhat nearer to those of four sub-Saharan African populations. This is i…
D1S80 locus variability in South American Indians
We have studied the hypervariable D1S80 locus in 185 individuals from five South American Indian tribes, integrating these results with previous investigations. Three alleles (*18, *24 and *30) were common to all tribes, but their frequencies varied between northern and southern populations. Brazilian tribes have a high frequency of *30 (average 35%) while in Argentinian and Chilean Indian populations this allele is present, on average, in 7% of …
The Brazilian Xavante Indians revisited: New protein genetic studies
A total of 94 individuals from the Xavante village of Rio das Mortes were variously studied in relation to 28 protein genetic systems. No variation was observed for 15 of them, in accordance with previous studies. Of the remaining 13, four (Rh, Duffy, acid phosphatase, and GC) showed significant departures from the averages obtained in 32 other South American Indian populations. If studies performed in the 1960s are considered, there is indicatio…
Protein genetic studies among the Tupi-Mondé Indians of the Brazilian Amazonia
A sample of 417 individuals belonging to three Tupi-Mondé-speaking tribes (Gavião, Surui, Zoró) were variously studied in relation to 26 genetic protein systems. Previous investigations performed among the Surui in relation to some of these systems were confirmed. The three groups do not depart markedly from the genetic pattern already established for South American Indians and show low inter-ethnic admixture. When these results are combined with…
New protein genetic studies in six Amazonian Indian populations
A total of 732 individuals affiliated with six Amazonian Indian populations were variously studied in relation to 26 protein genetic systems. Eleven of them were found to be monomorphic in these groups, in accordance with previous investigations. Similarities and dissimilarities (the latter involving the Rh, Duffy, haptoglobin and transferrin systems) were observed in relation to earlier investigations in four of these populations (Galibi, Paliko…
African-derived South American populations: A history of symmetrical and asymmetrical matings according to sex revealed by bi- and uni-parental genetic markers
Estimates of African, European, and Amerindian contributions to the gene pool of 11 predominantly African-derived South American populations were obtained using five autosomal and one Y chromosome hypervariable loci, as well as mitochondrial DNA (sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the control region, plus two restriction sites and the presence or absence of the CoII/tRNA(Lys) intergenic 9-bp deletion). The three latter characteristic…
Haplotype and allele frequencies for three genes of the dopaminergic system in South American Indians
Haplotype and allele frequencies for the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2), dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4), and dopamine transporter protein gene (SLC6A3) were determined in 135 individuals from five Brazilian Indian tribes, and the results integrated with those previously presented for this ethnic group. DRD2 and DRD4 were highly polymorphic. Haplotypes including TaqI A1 at DRD2, and the seven repeat allele at DRD4 were the most frequent varian…
High heterogeneity of Apolipoprotein E gene frequencies in South American Indians
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism was investigated in 186 individuals from six South American Indian tribes, and the results integrated with those previously presented for this ethnic group. The three APOE alleles commonly reported in other populations were also observed in South Amerindians with a highly heterogeneous distribution. As in other populations, APOE*3 was the most common allele (51-98%) followed by APOE*4 (2-47%). These two is…
Beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes in two North American indigenous populations
Haplotypes derived from five polymorphic restriction sites were determined in 50 Carrier-Sekani and 70 Mvskoke chromosomes, and the results were integrated with those previously obtained for 11 South American Indian populations. Eleven haplotypes were identified in the Mvskokes, while five were observed in the Carrier-Sekani. As in South American natives, haplotype 2 (+----) and 6 (-++ -+) were the most prevalent among the Mvskoke (46% and 30%, r…
Polymorphisms of CYP1a1 , CYP2e1 , GSTM1 , GSTT1 , and TP53 genes in Amerindians
Polymorphisms at the TP53 , cytochrome P‐450 ( CYP ), and glutathione S‐transferase ( GST ) genes are related to cancer susceptibility and present high diversity in allele frequencies among ethnic groups. This study concerns the CYP2E1 , GSTM1 , and GSTT1 polymorphisms in seven Amerindian populations (Xavante, Guarani, Aché, Wai Wai, Zoró, Surui, and Gavião). Polymorphic sites at CYP1A1 and TP53 were also studied in the Aché and Guarani tribes an…
O componente genético da determinação dos lipídeos séricos
Os níveis de lipídeos séricos são características multifatoriais determinadas por um grande número de fatores genéticos e ambientais. A identificação do componente genético dessas características tem sido intensamente investigada nos últimos anos. Esses estudos têm enfocado principalmente polimorfismos nos genes que codificam proteínas estruturais e enzimas relacionadas com o metabolismo de lipídeos. Estudos mais recentes mostraram que o efeito d…
Lipoprotein lipase and Apoe/Apoc‐I/Apoc‐II gene cluster diversity in native Brazilian populations
Allele and haplotype frequencies for the T‐93G, Hind III, and Pvu II variants of the lipoprotein lipase gene ( LPL ), and Hpa I and Ava II restriction site polymorphisms (RSP) of the APOE/C‐I/C‐II gene cluster were determined in 143 individuals from five Brazilian Indian tribes. These results were integrated with those previously reported for APOE. Marked interethnic variability occurs in these sites. A strong linkage disequilibrium was observed …
Biology (43 works) · Gene (30 works) · Demography (29 works) · Evolutionary biology (29 works) · Genetics (27 works) · Population (27 works) · Forensic and Genetic Research (26 works) · Genetics (25 works) · Geography (25 works) · Allele (22 works)