Minoru Yoneda
Biographic Data
| ID | 78733 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Minoru Yoneda |
| GIVEN NAMES | Minoru |
| FAMILY NAME | Yoneda |
| SIGNATURE | YONEDA M |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Tokyo |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0129-8921 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 101 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 556 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 100 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Livelihood and Dietary Transitions in Subsistence Populations of Northern Laos: Insights From Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Analysis
Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopic Profiling of Chimpanzees and Monkeys in Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda
Stable isotope analysis is a widely used tool in primate ecology for investigating diet and environment, with numerous studies focusing on chimpanzees. However, few studies have used this method to explore the dietary niche of chimpanzees in comparison to other primates or examined intra‐individual dietary variability. This limitation hinders the understanding of the comparability of stable isotopic data with the wealth of behavioral observationa…
Demographic history of the Jomon people: Insights from whole-mitogenome analysis
The Jomon culture that spread across the Japanese archipelago began about 16000 years ago and lasted for over 10000 years. The population history of the Jomon people, prehistoric hunter-gatherers bearing the Jomon culture, is of great interest in understanding prehistoric East Eurasians. Traditionally, population size and its fluctuations, i.e. Jomon demography, have been estimated in the archaeological context, but over the past 20 years, statis…
Dietary habits of Byzantine Kovuklukaya (Sinop, Türkiye): An isolated society or ostracized people
Introduction During the medieval period, cultural attitudes toward leprosy often involved the exclusion of infected people from general society. People suffering from leprosy were often moved to live in separate places such as a specific district, village, or hospital. Such actions are social implications of how the disease and its sufferers were viewed and dealt with. This study aims to investigate whether Kovuklukaya was inhabited by segregated…
Human femur and tibia retain primary lamellar bone formed during growth: Measurement of Anthropogenic Radiocarbon in Bone Cross-Sections
Laser Ablation System With a Diode Laser for Ams 14 C Measurement of Organic Materials
We constructed a laser ablation (LA) system using a diode laser for the accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) measurement of organic materials. The system could extract adequate CO 2 to analyze small masses (0.1 mg C) at a resolution of 250 μm by a 5.5 W diode laser. The LA system was assessed using standard materials (IAEA-C1, IAEA-C2, IAEA-C3, IAEA-C6, and Ox II) and applied to natural tree ring samples. For the LA sampling of or…
Paleo-health of Neolithic wet-rice farmers in the Yangtze River Delta: A comparison with early millet farmers in northern China
Several cases that do not fit the agricultural adaptation model, in which people's health deteriorated with the shift from hunting-gathering to farming, have been reported, such as the introduction of rice agriculture during the Yayoi Period in Japan and the Iron Age in Southeast Asia, where health was maintained or improved. However, the health of rice farmers in the homeland areas has rarely been reported. This study aims to clarify the frequen…
Interplay of dietary diversity and mobility of the Late Neolithic people in the Central Plains of China: Multi-isotope analysis at the Haojiatai site
The origins of agriculture in East Asia can be distinguished between rice agriculture in southern China and millet agriculture (foxtail and broomcorn millet) in the north. In the Longshan period (c. 4300–3800 cal BP), with the northward expansion of rice farming, a mixed rice–millet agricultural area was established in the Central Plains of China, which was also in the core area of the establishment of the early state. The interaction between the…
Collagen of ancient bones gives an indication of endogenous DNA preservation based on next-generation sequencing technology
Ancient genome analysis has become an indispensable tool in studies of human population history and evolution since the breakthrough of whole-genome sequencing technology. The problem remains, however, that ancient genomes cannot be analyzed without crushing non-small pieces of precious specimens; moreover, in many cases, there is insufficient DNA remaining in the pieces of sample to obtain whole-genome sequences. In previous studies, therefore, …
Reconstruction of diets based on the Δ 15 N values of individual amino acids at three sites in Sichuan, China
This study analyzes the nitrogen isotope composition of individual amino acids in collagen extracted from human bone samples from the Gaoshan, Yingpanshan, and Xinyicun sites in Sichuan, where the isotope baseline is unavailable or incomparable with the isotopic data derived from human remains. It aims to understand the food compositions of the inhabitants at these sites, spanning the period from the late Neolithic to the middle Bronze Age, durin…
Human diet of premodern mainland Japan: A Meta-Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Ratios
The development of the modern industrialized food production system has resulted in a homogeneous human diet worldwide. However, it is not clear whether a developed food production system led to a homogenized human diet also in ancient societies. Due to the lack of large archaeological datasets, we know little about the chronological trends and ancient circumstances of dietary homoge-nization. Here we compiled carbon and nitrogen stable isotope r…
Provenance and chronology of the prehistoric human remains previously deposited in Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine: Part I, South and Central Hokkaido
北海道大学医学部解剖学教室旧蔵古人骨は1960年代以前の発掘人骨からなる。多くは出土報告や人骨の記載報告が出版されていない。本研究ではそのうち道南道央の11遺跡(三ツ谷貝塚,尾白内貝塚,静狩貝塚,小幌洞窟,虻田郡高砂貝塚,室蘭市エンルム遺跡,本輪西ポンナイ,「輪西貝塚」,鷲別遺跡,大谷地貝塚,「江別A丘陵」)に由来する約40体の古人骨を対象に,骨学的調査,史料調査,及び放射性炭素年代測定を行ない,来歴の特定と帰属時期の推定を試みた。「江別A丘陵」の人骨は古写真等の調査により,旧豊平河畔に存在した続縄文期の土坑墓で発見された可能性が高いと推定された。来歴は特定できなかったが「輪西貝塚」の人骨は恵山式期に属すると判定された。そのほかの人骨試料間の較正放射性炭素年代の新旧は一部を除いて概ね予想通りで,1体は擦文文化期と推定されたが,ほかは縄文時代から続縄文期に属すると推定された。一方,人骨の絶対年代は総じて,土器型式に関連づけられた従来の実年代観からの予想より新しく,人骨試料への海洋リザーバ効…
A sting in the tail: An embedded stingray spine in a mid-1st millennium AD adult male skeleton from Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan
OBJECTIVES: We report here a stingray spine (Dasyatidae) found embedded in the femur of a male skeleton from the archaeological site of Uedomari-5, Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan. MATERIALS: A single well-preserved but incomplete human skeleton. METHODS: Macroscopic observation and low power magnification, CT imaging, radiocarbon dating and stable isotope (carbon, nitrogen) analysis. RESULTS: N (19.3‰) values indicating a diet focused on marine fo…
Reconstruction of diachronic changes in human fishing activity and marine ecosystems from carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of archaeological fish remains
Addendum to: ‘3,000-Year-old shark attack victim from Tsukumo shell-mound, Okayama, Japan’ [J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 38 (2021) 103065]
Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals double-buried Jomon individuals excavated from the Ikawazu shell-mound site were not in a mother–child relationship
A draft whole genome sequence of a Jomon woman from the Ikawazu shell-mound site has been reported recently. The adult woman, IK002, was excavated with a child, IK001. Because of the burial situation with the child located above the adult, the two individuals were thought to be a mother–child relationship. In this study, we conducted a target capture sequencing, and obtained 258-fold coverage of the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of …
Modern human teeth unearthed from below the ∼128,000-year-old level at Punung, Java: A case highlighting the problem of recent intrusion in cave sediments
Year-old shark attack victim from Tsukumo shell-mound, Okayama, Japan
The impact of the transition from broad-spectrum hunting to sheep herding on human meat consumption: Multi-isotopic analyses of human bone collagen at Aşıklı Höyük, Turkey
At Aşıklı Höyük, one of the earliest Pre-pottery Neolithic mound sites in Central Anatolia, a shift in animal utilization from broad-spectrum exploitation of diverse animal species to a concentration on managed caprines has been observed. Changes in the balance of meat to plant foods over the same time frame remain an open question. In this study, carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses of bulk collagen and compound-specific nitrogen isotopic analy…
New Radiocarbon Evidence for Human Occupation in Central Argentina During the Middle and Late Holocene: The Ongamira Valley Case
The Ongamira Valley (Córdoba, Argentina) shows a persistent occupational history of its territory. Even one of the first Argentinian radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates was calculated in this valley; for 70 years, the chronology was based on relative dates (stratigraphy and its cultural content). For this reason, since 2010 a 14 C dating program has been developed focusing on the chronology of eight of the 60 sites identified so far for the valley. This wo…
Fluorine Content of Fossil Human Bones Excavated From the Shiraho‐saonetabaru Cave Site, Ishigaki Is., Okinawa, Japan, as a Chronological and Sedimentary Environmental Index
The improved fluorine analysis method by ion chromatography was applied to the fossil human bones excavated from the Shiraho‐Saonetabaru Cave site on Ishigaki Island, which were dated back to the Late Pleistocene. This study presents the first systematic results on individual variation of F/P ratios of fossil bones using less than 1 mg samples. In addition to the burial period, the F/P ratio was governed by the local difference in seepage water c…
Isotopic study of maize exploitation during the Formative Period at Pacopampa, Peru
Maize (Zea mays) was an important staple and ceremonial food in the pre-Columbian Andean world. Previous researchers have studied maize agriculture in early ancient Andean society by examining macro- and microbotanical remains. However, isotope analyses of human remains have shown that maize was not a primary food resource during the Formative Period (1800–1 cal BC). Although a few studies have suggested that maize was consumed in this period, we…
Pediatric mandibular osteomyelitis: A probable case from Okhotsk period (5th–13th century AD) northern Japan
This paper discusses a probable case of pediatric mandibular osteomyelitis (OM) from the east Hokkaido Okhotsk (5th–13th century AD) site of Moyoro, Japan. The remains of a young child present an unusual mandibular lesion exhibiting two main features: (1) cortical thickening reflecting periosteal new bone formation, and (2) lytic alveolar destruction with associated antemortem tooth loss. The lesion was examined macroscopically, microscopically, …
First results on diet and mobility of the agropastoral societies of western Catamarca, Argentina
Dietary diversity of Bronze-Iron Age populations of Kazakhstan quantitatively estimated through the compound-specific nitrogen analysis of amino acids
Isotopic evidence of inland-water fishing by a Jomon population excavated from the Boji site, Nagano, Japan
Radiocarbon Marine Reservoir Effect in Human Remains from the Kitakogane Site, Hokkaido, Japan
Pleistocene human remains from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their radiocarbon dating
Nine human remains were recovered from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, between 2007 and 2009. Six of the nine samples produced well-preserved biogenic collagen, which was submitted to radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry. Three human samples (Nos. 2, 4, and 8) from the fossil chamber were dated to between 16 and 20 ka BP, and can clearly be assigned to the Late Pleistocene. One animal bone fr…
Nonmetric cranial variation in human skeletal remains associated with Okhotsk culture
Population affinities and biological variation in human skeletal series associated with the Okhotsk culture from Hokkaido and Sakhalin Islands from the 5th to 12th centuries AD are investigated using 19 nonmetric cranial traits. The Okhotsk crania have a higher frequency of the supraorbital foramen than the Hokkaido Ainu and Jomon, while the frequency of the transverse zygomatic suture vestige in the Okhotsk is as high as in the Jomon. The mean m…
Island migration and foraging behaviour by anatomically modern humans during the late Pleistocene to Holocene in Wallacea: New evidence from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam: Implications for the biological affinities of Hoabinhian people
An excavation at the cave site of Hang Cho in northern Vietnam resulted in the discovery of a terminal Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. The material culture from this site belongs to the pre-ceramic Hoabinhian period. An AMS radiocarbon date on a tooth sample extracted from this individual gives a calibrated age of 10450 ± 300 years BP. In discussions of the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been r…
Mitochondrial DNA haplogrouping of the Okhotsk people based on analysis of ancient DNA: An intermediate of gene flow from the continental Sakhalin people to the Ainu
In order to further understand the genetic status of the Okhotsk people, who were distributed in southern coastal regions of the Okhotsk Sea during the 5th–13th centuries, nucleotide variations in the hypervariable region (HVR) and the coding regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed. Targeting the coding regions provides reliable genetic information even from ancient DNAs that may have suffered post-mortem damage. MtDNA haplogroups of 3…
Quantitative evaluation of marine protein contribution in ancient diets based on nitrogen isotope ratios of individual amino acids in bone collagen: An investigation at the Kitakogane Jomon site
Nitrogen stable isotopes analysis of individual bone collagen amino acids was applied to archeological samples as a new tool for assessing the composition of ancient human diets and calibrating radiocarbon dates. We used this technique to investigate human and faunal samples from the Kitakogane shell midden in Hokkaido, Japan (5,300–6,000 cal BP). Using compound‐specific nitrogen isotope analysis of individual amino acids, we aimed to estimate i)…
Carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of human and dog diet in the Okhotsk culture: Perspectives from the Moyoro site, Japan
The Okhotsk people were sedentary hunter-gatherer-fishers who lived and prospered in Sakhalin, Hokkaido, and the Kurile Islands during the fifth–thirteenth centuries AD. They expanded rapidly along the north-eastern coast of Hokkaido where archaeological evidence suggests an increasing dependence on hunting marine mammals. In this study, we present the results of carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of 18 faunal (including two domesticated dogs) …
Evaluation of carnivory in inland Jomon hunter–gatherers based on nitrogen isotopic compositions of individual amino acids in bone collagen
Persistence of the cultural landscape in Campania (Southern Italy) before the AD 472 Vesuvius eruption: Archaeoenvironmental data
Morphologic and Genetic Evidence for the Kinship of Juvenile Skeletal Specimens from a 2,000 Year-old Double Burial of the Usu-Moshiri Site, Hokkaido, Japan
This paper presents a case study of a double burial at the 2,000 year-old Usu-Moshiri Epi-Jomon site in Hokkaido, Japan, using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to more precisely assess their kinship. Consanguinity between the two juveniles found in this burial was suggested by the archaeological context as well as by preliminary morphological studies of the skeletons. Mitochondrial DNA…
A strontium isotope analysis on the relationship between ritual tooth ablation and migration among the Jomon people in Japan
Degenerative changes of the spine in people from prehistoric Okhotsk culture and two ancient human groups from Kanto and Okinawa, Japan
Degenerative changes of the spine in people of the Okhotsk culture were investigated in adult human skeletal remains from 38 males and 34 females. These findings were then compared with those in materials obtained from the medieval Kamakura period and early-modern peasants on Kumejima, Ryukyu Islands. The three samples clearly showed different patterns. In the Okhotsk series, the cervical spine of each sex had most osteophytes on the vertebral bo…
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeleton of the initial Jomon phase excavated at the Yugura cave site, Nagano, Japan
Obtaining genetic information about early humans is indispensable to our understanding of the demographic history of mankind. In the present study, we performed a detailed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of a skeleton of the initial Jomon era unearthed from the Yugura cave site in Nagano, Japan, which was dated to 7920–7795 calBP by direct 14C dating. mtDNA of the Yugura skeleton was designated to haplogroup D4b2, which is widely observed in p…
Biological affinities of Okhotsk-culture people with East Siberians and Arctic people based on dental characteristics
This paper examines the population affinity of the Okhotsk-culture people who settled along the northeastern coastal areas of the islands of Hokkaido and Sakhalin during the 5th and 11th centuries, on the bases of dental metric and nonmetric features. Based on neighbor-joining analyses of both metric and nonmetric data, the Okhostk people, eastern Siberians, and subarctic American natives were linked more closely to each other than to other East …
Chronology of the Yayoi skeletal remains from the Kanto district, Japan: A Preliminary Re-Evaluation by Radiocarbon Dating of Postcranial Material
Radiocarbon ages were determined for 25 samples of human skeletal remains previously assigned or attributable to the Yayoi period (tentatively considered ca. 500 BC to 300 AD) of the Kanto district, Japan. Suzuki (1969) and others, predominantly on cranial morphology, recognized that the Kanto Yayoi series contains three morphological groups: the native Jomon, transitional, and Kofun types. Morphological variation of the Kanto Yayoi people was co…
Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect in the Western North Pacific Observed in Archaeological Fauna
Faunal remains originating from terrestrial and marine mammals, and belonging to the same archaeological deposits were compared to evaluate the marine radiocarbon reservoir ages around the Hokkaido island, Japan. From five shell middens of different ages from the Jomon period (4900 BP) to the Ainu cultural period (800 BP), 107 animal bone samples were selected for radiocarbon measurements. The apparent age differences between Japanese deer and no…
Isotopic evidence of breastfeeding and weaning practices in a hunter–gatherer population during the Late/Final Jomon period in eastern Japan
Stable isotopic reconstructions of adult diets and infant feeding practices during urbanization of the city of Edo in 17th century Japan
The urbanization of the city of Edo, the capital of premodern Japan, has been assumed to be not as a result of natural increase but that of in‐migration although this assumption has never been verified. To obtain information on natural fertility in Edo, we analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in 46 adult and 84 subadult human skeletons excavated from the Hitotsubashi site (1657–1683 AD: the early Edo period), Tokyo, Japan and reconstructe…
Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Analyses on the Earliest Jomon Skeletons from the Tochibara Rockshelter, Nagano, Japan
This study presents the results of carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses of six human skeletons excavated from the Tochibara rockshelter (Nagano, Japan). The human skeletons were reported to be accompanied by “Oshigata-mon” type pottery dating to the Earliest Jomon period (8900 BP ≃ 6600 BP). A radiocarbon determination from charcoal associated with the human remains was reported to be 8650 ± 180 BP (GaK-1056). However, the depositional context o…
The diet of townspeople in the city of Edo: Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of human skeletons from the Ikenohata-Shichikencho site
Individual dietary differences (e.g. sex, age, period, and region) among townspeople during the Edo period are unclear, although the historical literature describes the general dietary menu. We applied carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses to 103 adult human skeletons excavated from the Ikenohata-Shichikencho site of the Edo period (late 17th to late 19th century AD) in Japan to investigate individual dietary differences among townspeople i…
Dental diseases of human skeletal remains from the early-modern period of Kumejima Island, Okinawa, Japan
Human skeletal remains from the early-modern period (17th–19th centuries AD) of Kumejima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, were examined for dental disease, including dental caries, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), and dental calculus. The materials used in this study consisted of 386 adult individuals, 105 male, 89 female, and 192 of unknown sex. The highest rate of dental caries occurred in the adult females. Female physi…
Isotopic Evidence for Camelid Husbandry During the Formative Period at the Pacopampa Site, Peru
Camelids were domesticated in the Andean highlands, such as in the puna habitat, and dispersed into lowland areas and the northern Central Andes. As camelids domesticated in a particular region would have had a greater economic benefit than visiting- or hunted wild camelids, it is important to reconstruct the dispersal of camelid husbandry from its initial site throughout the ancient Andean civilisation. We carried out multi-isotope analyses of a…
From cradle to grave: Multi-isotopic investigations on the life history of a higher-status female from Edo-period Japan
The life history of a female individual skeleton (ST61) from the Edo period (AD 1603–1868) was investigated by using multi-tissue and multi-isotope analyses. Her gravestone and historical documents revealed that ST61 was a grandmother of a chief retainer of the Akashi clan who died in 1732 aged 77 years. Radiocarbon and sulfur stable isotope analyses indicated that the contribution of marine foods to the ST61 diet was relatively low (17.2% protei…
Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Ages of Fatty Acids in Marine Sediments from the Western North Pacific
Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of five fatty-acid biomarkers was conducted for marine sediments collected from the western North Pacific. The fatty acids (C 12 to C 34 ) showed a typical bimodal distribution pattern with two maxima at C 16 and C 26 . Their carbon isotopic compositions ranged from −25.1‰ (C 16 ) to −31.8‰ (C 28 ), suggesting that they derived from terrestrial higher plants and marine organisms. A large variations of 14 C a…
Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect in the Western North Pacific Observed in Archaeological Fauna
Faunal remains originating from terrestrial and marine mammals, and belonging to the same archaeological deposits were compared to evaluate the marine radiocarbon reservoir ages around the Hokkaido island, Japan. From five shell middens of different ages from the Jomon period (4900 BP) to the Ainu cultural period (800 BP), 107 animal bone samples were selected for radiocarbon measurements. The apparent age differences between Japanese deer and no…
Radiocarbon Marine Reservoir Effect in Human Remains from the Kitakogane Site, Hokkaido, Japan
Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Analyses on the Earliest Jomon Skeletons from the Tochibara Rockshelter, Nagano, Japan
This study presents the results of carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses of six human skeletons excavated from the Tochibara rockshelter (Nagano, Japan). The human skeletons were reported to be accompanied by “Oshigata-mon” type pottery dating to the Earliest Jomon period (8900 BP ≃ 6600 BP). A radiocarbon determination from charcoal associated with the human remains was reported to be 8650 ± 180 BP (GaK-1056). However, the depositional context o…
Isotopic evidence of inland-water fishing by a Jomon population excavated from the Boji site, Nagano, Japan
Morphologic and Genetic Evidence for the Kinship of Juvenile Skeletal Specimens from a 2,000 Year-old Double Burial of the Usu-Moshiri Site, Hokkaido, Japan
This paper presents a case study of a double burial at the 2,000 year-old Usu-Moshiri Epi-Jomon site in Hokkaido, Japan, using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to more precisely assess their kinship. Consanguinity between the two juveniles found in this burial was suggested by the archaeological context as well as by preliminary morphological studies of the skeletons. Mitochondrial DNA…
Temporal Variation of Radiocarbon Concentration in Airborne Particulate Matter in Tokyo
The temporal radiocarbon variation (in terms of percent Modern Carbon: pMC) of size-fractionated airborne particulate matter (APM) collected in Tokyo between April 2002 and February 2003 was analyzed in order to get an insight into the sources of carbonaceous particles. Results indicated significant biogenic origins (approximately 40 pMC on average). In general, the seasonal and particle size variations in pMC were relatively small, with 2 except…
Chronology of the Yayoi skeletal remains from the Kanto district, Japan: A Preliminary Re-Evaluation by Radiocarbon Dating of Postcranial Material
Radiocarbon ages were determined for 25 samples of human skeletal remains previously assigned or attributable to the Yayoi period (tentatively considered ca. 500 BC to 300 AD) of the Kanto district, Japan. Suzuki (1969) and others, predominantly on cranial morphology, recognized that the Kanto Yayoi series contains three morphological groups: the native Jomon, transitional, and Kofun types. Morphological variation of the Kanto Yayoi people was co…
Early historic human remains from the Hasekouji-Shuhen site in Kamakura, Japan
Eight human skeletons in a good state of preservation have been recovered from excavations at the Hasekouji-Shuhen site in Kamakura city, Kanto region, Japan. We conducted AMS radiocarbon dating that revealed the skeletons to belong to the early historic Asuka, Nara, and early Heian periods (circa 670–970 calAD). In terms of their cranial, dental, and limb bone measurements, the Hasekouji-Shuhen skeletons exhibit morphological characteristics tha…
Applicability of Mathematical Model for Evaluating Cancer Mortality Risk
The mathematical cancer evaluation model, the Generalized Moolgavkar-Venson-Knudson (G-MVK) model and the two-stage MVK model, were applied to Japanese cancer mortality statistics to examine the applicability of the models for estimating the mortality risk with its year and age dependent variation. First the G-MVK model was simplified with the constant mutation parameters, and was applied to determine the number of stages required for cancer indu…
Tropical South China Sea Surface 14 C Record in an Annually-Banded Coral
A surface-water Δ 14 C record of AD 1948–1999 in the tropical South China Sea (SCS) has been reconstructed from accelerator mass spectrometric radiocarbon measurements of annual bands of a Pontes coral collected from Con Dao Island, Vietnam. Results gave the following Δ 14 C time series: a steady state of −47.8 ± 2.8‰ (mean ± SD, n = 8) during 1948–1955 (i.e. in the pre-bomb period); a sharp increase during 1956–1966; a gradual increase during 19…
Radiocarbon Marine Reservoir Ages in the Northwestern Pacific Off Hokkaido Island, Japan, During the Last Deglacial Period
We measured radiocarbon ages of planktic foraminifera in 4 sediment cores from the northwestern Pacific region off northern Japan in order to estimate marine reservoir ages during the B⊘lling-Aller⊘d period. The ages of deglacial tephra markers from 2 Japanese source volcanoes identified in these sediment cores had been previously estimated from 14 C ages of terrestrial charcoal and buried forests. By comparing the foraminiferal and tephra ages, …
Seasonal Variation in Sources of Dissolved Organic Carbon in a Lacustrine Environment Revealed by Paired Isotopic Measurements (Δ 14 C and δ 13 C)
To investigate the sources and cycling of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a lacustrine environment, isotopic measurements of 14 C and 13 C in DOC were carried out for Lake Kasumigaura—which is famous as a very eutrophic and shallow (mean depth 4.0 m) lake in central Japan—and its tributary rivers. Lake and river samples were collected in the spring and autumn (May and September) of 2003. The Δ 14 C measurements of DOC were performed using the a…
Degenerative Diseases of the Spines of Early Modern Human Remains from Kumejima, Okinawa
17世紀から19世紀の農耕民であると考えられる,久米島近世人骨(男性56個体,女性45個体)の変形性脊椎関節症の評価を行った。変形性脊椎関節症の頻度は,男女ともに腰椎が最も高く,女性においては重度化を認めた。次に変形性脊椎関節症を認めた部位として,女性は頚椎で,男性は胸椎下部と,男女間で異なった傾向を示した。変形性脊椎関節症の部位別頻度では,椎体前縁部が後縁部に比べ顕著に高く,男性の胸腰椎では右側縁部が左側縁部より高い傾向を示した。関節突起に関しては頚椎が最も頻度が高く,胸腰椎では低い傾向を示した。また,男性は頚椎,胸椎上部の一部に,女性では第11および第12胸椎で頻度が高く性差を認めた。主成分分析の結果でも,頚椎および腰椎の変形性関節症の頻度が高く,腰椎では椎体前縁部と左右縁部に,頚椎では椎体後方と椎間関節に関節症の頻度が高い傾向を確認した。久米島近世人骨の女性は,頚椎の椎体後方に変形性関節症の頻度が男性と比較して高いことから,民俗学者らによって示唆されている,頭上運搬による体幹直立位…
Nonmetric cranial variation in human skeletal remains associated with Okhotsk culture
Population affinities and biological variation in human skeletal series associated with the Okhotsk culture from Hokkaido and Sakhalin Islands from the 5th to 12th centuries AD are investigated using 19 nonmetric cranial traits. The Okhotsk crania have a higher frequency of the supraorbital foramen than the Hokkaido Ainu and Jomon, while the frequency of the transverse zygomatic suture vestige in the Okhotsk is as high as in the Jomon. The mean m…
Dental diseases of human skeletal remains from the early-modern period of Kumejima Island, Okinawa, Japan
Human skeletal remains from the early-modern period (17th–19th centuries AD) of Kumejima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, were examined for dental disease, including dental caries, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), and dental calculus. The materials used in this study consisted of 386 adult individuals, 105 male, 89 female, and 192 of unknown sex. The highest rate of dental caries occurred in the adult females. Female physi…
Severe developmental defects of enamel in a human skeleton of the Final Jomon age from the Nakazawahama shell-mound, Iwate, Japan
In an adult human skeleton of the Final Jomon age excavated at the Nakazawahama shell-mound in Iwate Prefecture, northeastern Japan, grooved enamel defects (about 2 mm in width) were observed circumferentially around the dental crowns of the upper left central incisor, upper right lateral incisor, and upper right canine. Observations of the crown surface using a stereomicroscope and evaluations of soft X-ray images revealed severe developmental d…
Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam: Implications for the biological affinities of Hoabinhian people
An excavation at the cave site of Hang Cho in northern Vietnam resulted in the discovery of a terminal Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. The material culture from this site belongs to the pre-ceramic Hoabinhian period. An AMS radiocarbon date on a tooth sample extracted from this individual gives a calibrated age of 10450 ± 300 years BP. In discussions of the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been r…
Isotopic Analysis on Human Skeletons from Prehistoric Sites and Recent Bunun Population of Taiwan
本研究では,国立台湾大学医学院体質人類学教室が収蔵する人骨コレクションに関する総合的研究の一環として,人骨中に残存するコラーゲンの炭素・窒素同位体比から,彼らが利用したタンパク質源を推定した。中央山地の高地に居住するブヌンの生業は,粟に特化した焼畑農耕と狩猟を主としたとされるが,骨コラーゲンの同位体比は陸上生態系およびC4植物の雑穀に依存した個体がある一方,窒素同位体比が比較的高い水産物に依存した可能性のある個体も検出されている。しかし,戦前の民俗調査では,ブヌンの漁撈活動は社によって大きく異なることが記されており,その意義についてはさらに議論が必要である。一方,台湾各地の先史時代遺跡から出土した古人骨では,非常に多様性に富んだ食生態が示された。海産物の利用やC4植物である粟などの雑穀の利用について,時代および地域間で大きな変動があったようだ。残念ながら,今回分析した古人骨資料は,帰属する文化層などの出土状況の記録が失われているので,今後放射性炭素などで,人骨の年代決定をすすめ,あわせて…
Changing Marine Exploitation During Late Pleistocene in Northern Wallacea: Shell Remains from Leang Sarru Rockshelter in Talaud Islands
The previous excavation by Tanudirjo and our recent excavation at Leang Sarru in the Talaud Islands, located between northern Sulawesi and southern Mindanao, reveal intermittent human colonization and marine exploitation in these remote islands as early as 35,000 to 32,000 B.P. The evidence indicates that humans migrated and colonized the northern part of Wallacea by ocean crossings of over 100 km, equivalent to the human migrations from southern…
A strontium isotope analysis on the relationship between ritual tooth ablation and migration among the Jomon people in Japan
Biological affinities of Okhotsk-culture people with East Siberians and Arctic people based on dental characteristics
This paper examines the population affinity of the Okhotsk-culture people who settled along the northeastern coastal areas of the islands of Hokkaido and Sakhalin during the 5th and 11th centuries, on the bases of dental metric and nonmetric features. Based on neighbor-joining analyses of both metric and nonmetric data, the Okhostk people, eastern Siberians, and subarctic American natives were linked more closely to each other than to other East …
Mitochondrial DNA haplogrouping of the Okhotsk people based on analysis of ancient DNA: An intermediate of gene flow from the continental Sakhalin people to the Ainu
In order to further understand the genetic status of the Okhotsk people, who were distributed in southern coastal regions of the Okhotsk Sea during the 5th–13th centuries, nucleotide variations in the hypervariable region (HVR) and the coding regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed. Targeting the coding regions provides reliable genetic information even from ancient DNAs that may have suffered post-mortem damage. MtDNA haplogroups of 3…
Pre-Bomb Marine Reservoir Ages in the Western Pacific
In this study, molluscan shells housed at the University Museum, the University of Tokyo, provided a new set of region-specific correction values (ΔR) for the western Pacific, in particular for the central part of the main islands in the Japanese Archipelago and the southwest islands of Japan. The values of 40 total samples were calculated from 11 regions. North of the main islands and in the Ryukyu Islands, the mean ΔR values showed comparativel…
Quantitative evaluation of marine protein contribution in ancient diets based on nitrogen isotope ratios of individual amino acids in bone collagen: An investigation at the Kitakogane Jomon site
Nitrogen stable isotopes analysis of individual bone collagen amino acids was applied to archeological samples as a new tool for assessing the composition of ancient human diets and calibrating radiocarbon dates. We used this technique to investigate human and faunal samples from the Kitakogane shell midden in Hokkaido, Japan (5,300–6,000 cal BP). Using compound‐specific nitrogen isotope analysis of individual amino acids, we aimed to estimate i)…
Geography (69 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (66 works) · Biology (65 works) · Archaeology (64 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (46 works) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (43 works) · Ecology (38 works) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (37 works) · Geology (31 works) · Isotope analysis (27 works)