Tom Tyler
Biographic Data
| ID | 787629 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tom Tyler |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tom |
| FAMILY NAME | Tyler |
| SIGNATURE | TYLER T |
| AFFILIATIONS | New York University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 591 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Polarization and Voluntary Compliance: The Impact of Ideological Extremity on the Effectiveness of Self‐Regulation
New governance models increasingly employ self‐regulation tools like pledges and nudges to achieve regulatory compliance. These approaches premise that voluntary compliance emerges from intrinsic motivation to cooperate rather than coercive measures. Central to their success is trust—both in government institutions and among citizens. However, rising societal polarization raises critical questions about the continued effectiveness of self‐regulat…
Legitimacy-Based Policing and the Promotion of Community Vitality
This Element presents the history, research, and future potential for an alternative and effective model of policing called 'legitimacy-based policing'. This model is driven by social psychology theory and informed by research findings showing that legitimacy of the police shapes public acceptance of police decisions, willingness to cooperate with the police, and citizen engagement in communities. Police legitimacy is found to be strongly tied to…
Understanding the Psychology of Social Order
Looking across different societies it is clear that there have been many viable systems for managing social order. Each system has particular strengths and weaknesses and its utility depends upon its compatibility to the features of the society within which it exists. This suggestion is supported by empirical research showing that rewards and punishments, social norms, moral values, and legitimacy-based legal orders are all successful in some soc…
Policing alienated minorities in divided cities
Minority groups frequently challenge the legitimacy of legal authorities, particularly the police. Without trust and legitimacy, the police encounter constant conflict and cannot function effectively. While past research has examined minorities’ perceptions of the police, national minorities provide an interesting and under‐investigated test case because of their inherent identity conflict with the state. The current research examines three facto…
Difficulties
In the eyes of the law: Perception versus reality in appraisals of video evidence
Video evidence has been widely welcomed into courtrooms, largely on the implicit faith that video objectively represents the legally relevant facts as they are. In this paper, we argue that both lay and legal understanding of video as "objective" is a misapprehension. The ways in which people watch video, as well as the vividness of the format itself, may encourage biased decision-making. We suggest the need for an evidence-based understanding of…
Aggressive Policing and the Mental Health of Young Urban Men
Objectives. We surveyed young men on their experiences of police encounters and subsequent mental health. Methods. Between September 2012 and March 2013, we conducted a population-based telephone survey of 1261 young men aged 18 to 26 years in New York City. Respondents reported how many times they were approached by New York Police Department officers, what these encounters entailed, any trauma they attributed to the stops, and their overall anx…
What motivates adherence to medical recommendations? The procedural justice approach to gaining deference in the medical arena
Although it is within their long‐term interest, patients often fail to follow health care recommendations made by medical experts. This failure results in the widespread occurrence of preventable health problems and a significant increase in health care costs. Taking a new approach to confronting this issue, this paper examines whether the procedural justice model, which has been useful in explaining cooperation with legal and managerial authorit…
New Tricks
The digital game Dog's Life (Frontier Developments, 2003) attempts, by means of its "Smellovision" feature, to communicate something of the alterity of canine perception: the greater field of view, the lower visual perspective, the dichromatic colour vision, as well as the spectacularly impressive sense of smell. At the same time, it encourages players to identify with the game's protagonist: you "are" Jake, digging up bones, marking territory an…
Animal Encounters
The fast-growing field of Animal Studies is a varied and much contested domain. Engagement with animals has encouraged both collaboration and conflict between researchers within the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Animal Encounters comprises a series of meetings not only between diverse beasts, but also between distinct disciplinary methods, theoretical approaches, and ethical positions. The essays here collected come together from literar…
Animal Encounters
Animal encounters
"Animal Encounters comprises a series of meetings not only between diverse beasts, but also between distinct disciplinary methods, theoretical approaches, and ethical positions. The essays here collected come together from literary and cultural studies, sociology and anthropology, ecocriticism and art history, philosophy and feminism, science and technology studies, history and post-humanism, to study that most familiar and most foreign of creatu…
Everyday Interactions with University Authorities: Authority Treatment Quality, Outcome Favorability and First-Year Students' University Adjustment
Two hundred and twelve first-year undergraduates completed an authority interaction checklist every time they had a (self-defined) meaningful interaction with university authorities during the first two weeks of their first semester. Students' degree of university identification before they began the term moderated the influence of campus authorities' treatment quality on academic engagement three months later. These longitudinal data provide sup…
Conceptualizing Legitimacy, Measuring Legitimating Beliefs
Legitimacy is a concept meant to capture the beliefs that bolster willing obedience. The authors model legitimacy as a sense of obligation or willingness to obey authorities (value-based legitimacy) that then translates into actual compliance with governmental regulations and laws (behavioral legitimacy). The focus is on the factors that elicit this sense of obligation and willingness to comply in a way that supports rational-legal authority. The…
Procedural justice and compliance behaviour: The mediating role of emotions
Procedural justice researchers have consistently found that if authorities treat people with trust, fairness, respect and neutrality, people will not only be more willing to cooperate with authorities, but they will also be more likely to comply with authority decisions and rules. New research in this area has gone on to explore the role that emotions play in response to procedural justice and injustice. What this new research has neglected to do…
Snakes, Skins and the Sphinx: Nietzsche's Ecdysis
Foucault claimed that Nietzsche's philosophy constitutes la grande rupture from Kant's conception of knowledge. The break occurred, however, only after Nietzsche had shed his own Kantian skin. This article examines both the debt that early Nietzsche owes to Kant, and the nature of the break evident in his later work. It highlights three key facets of the mature Nietzsche's epistemology: (1) there is no disinterested truth, only a range of evaluat…
Four Hands Good, Two Hands Bad
Plato had defined Man as an animal, biped and featherless, and was applauded. Diogenes plucked a fowl and brought it into the lecture‐room with the words, ‘Here is Plato's Man’. In consequence of w
Process-orientation versus outcome-orientation during organizational change: The role of organizational identification
In this paper we argue that organizational identification is predictive of employee interests and concerns during periods of organizational change. More specifically, we assert that organizational identification may largely determine whether employees may be focused upon the change related outcomes (e.g., salary, expenses, etc.), or on the change processes (e.g., procedures, voice and participation options, etc.). Data of both a scenario experime…
The Quiescent Ass and the Dumbstruck Wolf
The Quiescent Ass and the Dumbstruck Wolf Tom Tyler (bio) The DONKEY and the LITTLE ASS (asinus et asellus) are so named from being sat upon—as if from the word ‘seat’ or ‘saddle’ (a sede). People captured the Ass by the following stratagem. Being forsooth a tardy beast and having no sense at all, it surrendered as soon as men surrounded it. The Little Ass, although smaller than the Wild Ass, is more useful, because it puts up with work and does …
Like Water in Water
In this paper I examine the anthropocentrism evident in key texts by Bataille and Heidegger. Starting with Bataille’s treatment of animality in his Theory of Religion I show how a contrast is drawn between animal experience, which is immediate and immanent (“like water in water”), and human experience, which cannot help but transcend its environment by imposing distinctions. According to Bataille the animal therefore remains unfathomably closed t…
If Horses Had Hands
This paper examines the contentious and confused notion of anthropomorphism. Beginning with an overview of the term's etymology and present use, it examines the arguments of those who believe it to be unscientific and demeaning, and those who believe it to be an inevitable and useful pragmatic strategy. The German philosopher Heidegger (1937/1984) raises the more serious objection, though, that as a concept anthropomorphism is not even meaningful…
Moral Solidarity, Identification with the Community, and the Importance of Procedural Justice: The Police as Prototypical Representatives of a Group's Moral Values
Jason Sunshine, Tom Tyler, Moral Solidarity, Identification with the Community, and the Importance of Procedural Justice: The Police as Prototypical Representatives of a Group's Moral Values, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 66, No. 2, Special Issue: Social Identity: Sociological and Social Psychological Perspectives (Jun., 2003), pp. 153-165
Cooperation in Groups: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Behavioral Engagement
I. Overview. Introduction. The Design of This Study. II. The Antecedents of Cooperative Behavior. Why Study Cooperative Behavior in Groups. Instrumental Motivations for Engaging in Cooperative Behavior. Internally-driven Cooperative Behavior. III. The Influence of Justice: Procedual Justice and Cooperation. The Influence of Justice Based Judgments. Procedural Justice and Cooperative Behavior. IV. The Meaning of Procedual Justice: The Four Compone…
Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research
Understanding why the justice of group procedures matters: A test of the psychological dynamics of the group-value model
Procedural justice research has documented many positive consequences of fair decision-making procedures and treatment by authorities. However, it is unclear why these effects of procedural justice occur. The group-value model proposes that fair procedures matter because they communicate two symbolic messages about group membership:(a) whether individuals are respected members of a group and (b) whether they should feel pride in the group as a wh…
Aggressive Policing and the Mental Health of Young Urban Men
Objectives. We surveyed young men on their experiences of police encounters and subsequent mental health. Methods. Between September 2012 and March 2013, we conducted a population-based telephone survey of 1261 young men aged 18 to 26 years in New York City. Respondents reported how many times they were approached by New York Police Department officers, what these encounters entailed, any trauma they attributed to the stops, and their overall anx…
Conceptualizing Legitimacy, Measuring Legitimating Beliefs
Legitimacy is a concept meant to capture the beliefs that bolster willing obedience. The authors model legitimacy as a sense of obligation or willingness to obey authorities (value-based legitimacy) that then translates into actual compliance with governmental regulations and laws (behavioral legitimacy). The focus is on the factors that elicit this sense of obligation and willingness to comply in a way that supports rational-legal authority. The…
Understanding why the justice of group procedures matters: A test of the psychological dynamics of the group-value model
Procedural justice research has documented many positive consequences of fair decision-making procedures and treatment by authorities. However, it is unclear why these effects of procedural justice occur. The group-value model proposes that fair procedures matter because they communicate two symbolic messages about group membership:(a) whether individuals are respected members of a group and (b) whether they should feel pride in the group as a wh…
Procedural Justice in Felony Cases
Recent research on the determinants of litigant satisfaction has consistently found that abstract evaluations of the justness of case outcomes and of the fairness of the case disposition process contribute significantly to outcome satisfaction, independent of the favorability of the outcome itself. Most such findings have been produced either in laboratory settings using college student subjects or in survey research involving litigation in which…
Moral Solidarity, Identification with the Community, and the Importance of Procedural Justice: The Police as Prototypical Representatives of a Group's Moral Values
Jason Sunshine, Tom Tyler, Moral Solidarity, Identification with the Community, and the Importance of Procedural Justice: The Police as Prototypical Representatives of a Group's Moral Values, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 66, No. 2, Special Issue: Social Identity: Sociological and Social Psychological Perspectives (Jun., 2003), pp. 153-165
Political Psychology: Contemporary Problems and Issues
Procedural justice and compliance behaviour: The mediating role of emotions
Procedural justice researchers have consistently found that if authorities treat people with trust, fairness, respect and neutrality, people will not only be more willing to cooperate with authorities, but they will also be more likely to comply with authority decisions and rules. New research in this area has gone on to explore the role that emotions play in response to procedural justice and injustice. What this new research has neglected to do…
Policing alienated minorities in divided cities
Minority groups frequently challenge the legitimacy of legal authorities, particularly the police. Without trust and legitimacy, the police encounter constant conflict and cannot function effectively. While past research has examined minorities’ perceptions of the police, national minorities provide an interesting and under‐investigated test case because of their inherent identity conflict with the state. The current research examines three facto…
Process-orientation versus outcome-orientation during organizational change: The role of organizational identification
In this paper we argue that organizational identification is predictive of employee interests and concerns during periods of organizational change. More specifically, we assert that organizational identification may largely determine whether employees may be focused upon the change related outcomes (e.g., salary, expenses, etc.), or on the change processes (e.g., procedures, voice and participation options, etc.). Data of both a scenario experime…
What motivates adherence to medical recommendations? The procedural justice approach to gaining deference in the medical arena
Although it is within their long‐term interest, patients often fail to follow health care recommendations made by medical experts. This failure results in the widespread occurrence of preventable health problems and a significant increase in health care costs. Taking a new approach to confronting this issue, this paper examines whether the procedural justice model, which has been useful in explaining cooperation with legal and managerial authorit…
Everyday Interactions with University Authorities: Authority Treatment Quality, Outcome Favorability and First-Year Students' University Adjustment
Two hundred and twelve first-year undergraduates completed an authority interaction checklist every time they had a (self-defined) meaningful interaction with university authorities during the first two weeks of their first semester. Students' degree of university identification before they began the term moderated the influence of campus authorities' treatment quality on academic engagement three months later. These longitudinal data provide sup…
New Tricks
The digital game Dog's Life (Frontier Developments, 2003) attempts, by means of its "Smellovision" feature, to communicate something of the alterity of canine perception: the greater field of view, the lower visual perspective, the dichromatic colour vision, as well as the spectacularly impressive sense of smell. At the same time, it encourages players to identify with the game's protagonist: you "are" Jake, digging up bones, marking territory an…
Polarization and Voluntary Compliance: The Impact of Ideological Extremity on the Effectiveness of Self‐Regulation
New governance models increasingly employ self‐regulation tools like pledges and nudges to achieve regulatory compliance. These approaches premise that voluntary compliance emerges from intrinsic motivation to cooperate rather than coercive measures. Central to their success is trust—both in government institutions and among citizens. However, rising societal polarization raises critical questions about the continued effectiveness of self‐regulat…
If Horses Had Hands
This paper examines the contentious and confused notion of anthropomorphism. Beginning with an overview of the term's etymology and present use, it examines the arguments of those who believe it to be unscientific and demeaning, and those who believe it to be an inevitable and useful pragmatic strategy. The German philosopher Heidegger (1937/1984) raises the more serious objection, though, that as a concept anthropomorphism is not even meaningful…
Psychological Perspectives on Justice: Theory and Applications
Justice, equity, and fairness are central concerns of everyday life, whether we are assessing the fairness of individual acts, social programmes, or institutional policies. This book explores how the distribution of costs and benefits determine our intuition about fairness and why individual behaviour sometimes deviates from normative theories of justice. To make any comparison, one must first state how fair distributions of resources or burdens …
Understanding the Psychology of Social Order
Looking across different societies it is clear that there have been many viable systems for managing social order. Each system has particular strengths and weaknesses and its utility depends upon its compatibility to the features of the society within which it exists. This suggestion is supported by empirical research showing that rewards and punishments, social norms, moral values, and legitimacy-based legal orders are all successful in some soc…
Four Hands Good, Two Hands Bad
Plato had defined Man as an animal, biped and featherless, and was applauded. Diogenes plucked a fowl and brought it into the lecture‐room with the words, ‘Here is Plato's Man’. In consequence of w
The Quiescent Ass and the Dumbstruck Wolf
The Quiescent Ass and the Dumbstruck Wolf Tom Tyler (bio) The DONKEY and the LITTLE ASS (asinus et asellus) are so named from being sat upon—as if from the word ‘seat’ or ‘saddle’ (a sede). People captured the Ass by the following stratagem. Being forsooth a tardy beast and having no sense at all, it surrendered as soon as men surrounded it. The Little Ass, although smaller than the Wild Ass, is more useful, because it puts up with work and does …
Like Water in Water
In this paper I examine the anthropocentrism evident in key texts by Bataille and Heidegger. Starting with Bataille’s treatment of animality in his Theory of Religion I show how a contrast is drawn between animal experience, which is immediate and immanent (“like water in water”), and human experience, which cannot help but transcend its environment by imposing distinctions. According to Bataille the animal therefore remains unfathomably closed t…
Political Psychology: Contemporary Problems and Issues
Procedural Justice in Felony Cases
Recent research on the determinants of litigant satisfaction has consistently found that abstract evaluations of the justness of case outcomes and of the fairness of the case disposition process contribute significantly to outcome satisfaction, independent of the favorability of the outcome itself. Most such findings have been produced either in laboratory settings using college student subjects or in survey research involving litigation in which…
Psychological Perspectives on Justice: Theory and Applications
Justice, equity, and fairness are central concerns of everyday life, whether we are assessing the fairness of individual acts, social programmes, or institutional policies. This book explores how the distribution of costs and benefits determine our intuition about fairness and why individual behaviour sometimes deviates from normative theories of justice. To make any comparison, one must first state how fair distributions of resources or burdens …
Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research
Understanding why the justice of group procedures matters: A test of the psychological dynamics of the group-value model
Procedural justice research has documented many positive consequences of fair decision-making procedures and treatment by authorities. However, it is unclear why these effects of procedural justice occur. The group-value model proposes that fair procedures matter because they communicate two symbolic messages about group membership:(a) whether individuals are respected members of a group and (b) whether they should feel pride in the group as a wh…
Cooperation in Groups: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Behavioral Engagement
I. Overview. Introduction. The Design of This Study. II. The Antecedents of Cooperative Behavior. Why Study Cooperative Behavior in Groups. Instrumental Motivations for Engaging in Cooperative Behavior. Internally-driven Cooperative Behavior. III. The Influence of Justice: Procedual Justice and Cooperation. The Influence of Justice Based Judgments. Procedural Justice and Cooperative Behavior. IV. The Meaning of Procedual Justice: The Four Compone…
If Horses Had Hands
This paper examines the contentious and confused notion of anthropomorphism. Beginning with an overview of the term's etymology and present use, it examines the arguments of those who believe it to be unscientific and demeaning, and those who believe it to be an inevitable and useful pragmatic strategy. The German philosopher Heidegger (1937/1984) raises the more serious objection, though, that as a concept anthropomorphism is not even meaningful…
Moral Solidarity, Identification with the Community, and the Importance of Procedural Justice: The Police as Prototypical Representatives of a Group's Moral Values
Jason Sunshine, Tom Tyler, Moral Solidarity, Identification with the Community, and the Importance of Procedural Justice: The Police as Prototypical Representatives of a Group's Moral Values, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 66, No. 2, Special Issue: Social Identity: Sociological and Social Psychological Perspectives (Jun., 2003), pp. 153-165
Like Water in Water
In this paper I examine the anthropocentrism evident in key texts by Bataille and Heidegger. Starting with Bataille’s treatment of animality in his Theory of Religion I show how a contrast is drawn between animal experience, which is immediate and immanent (“like water in water”), and human experience, which cannot help but transcend its environment by imposing distinctions. According to Bataille the animal therefore remains unfathomably closed t…
Snakes, Skins and the Sphinx: Nietzsche's Ecdysis
Foucault claimed that Nietzsche's philosophy constitutes la grande rupture from Kant's conception of knowledge. The break occurred, however, only after Nietzsche had shed his own Kantian skin. This article examines both the debt that early Nietzsche owes to Kant, and the nature of the break evident in his later work. It highlights three key facets of the mature Nietzsche's epistemology: (1) there is no disinterested truth, only a range of evaluat…
Four Hands Good, Two Hands Bad
Plato had defined Man as an animal, biped and featherless, and was applauded. Diogenes plucked a fowl and brought it into the lecture‐room with the words, ‘Here is Plato's Man’. In consequence of w
Process-orientation versus outcome-orientation during organizational change: The role of organizational identification
In this paper we argue that organizational identification is predictive of employee interests and concerns during periods of organizational change. More specifically, we assert that organizational identification may largely determine whether employees may be focused upon the change related outcomes (e.g., salary, expenses, etc.), or on the change processes (e.g., procedures, voice and participation options, etc.). Data of both a scenario experime…
The Quiescent Ass and the Dumbstruck Wolf
The Quiescent Ass and the Dumbstruck Wolf Tom Tyler (bio) The DONKEY and the LITTLE ASS (asinus et asellus) are so named from being sat upon—as if from the word ‘seat’ or ‘saddle’ (a sede). People captured the Ass by the following stratagem. Being forsooth a tardy beast and having no sense at all, it surrendered as soon as men surrounded it. The Little Ass, although smaller than the Wild Ass, is more useful, because it puts up with work and does …
Procedural justice and compliance behaviour: The mediating role of emotions
Procedural justice researchers have consistently found that if authorities treat people with trust, fairness, respect and neutrality, people will not only be more willing to cooperate with authorities, but they will also be more likely to comply with authority decisions and rules. New research in this area has gone on to explore the role that emotions play in response to procedural justice and injustice. What this new research has neglected to do…
Animal Encounters
The fast-growing field of Animal Studies is a varied and much contested domain. Engagement with animals has encouraged both collaboration and conflict between researchers within the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Animal Encounters comprises a series of meetings not only between diverse beasts, but also between distinct disciplinary methods, theoretical approaches, and ethical positions. The essays here collected come together from literar…
Animal Encounters
Animal encounters
"Animal Encounters comprises a series of meetings not only between diverse beasts, but also between distinct disciplinary methods, theoretical approaches, and ethical positions. The essays here collected come together from literary and cultural studies, sociology and anthropology, ecocriticism and art history, philosophy and feminism, science and technology studies, history and post-humanism, to study that most familiar and most foreign of creatu…
Everyday Interactions with University Authorities: Authority Treatment Quality, Outcome Favorability and First-Year Students' University Adjustment
Two hundred and twelve first-year undergraduates completed an authority interaction checklist every time they had a (self-defined) meaningful interaction with university authorities during the first two weeks of their first semester. Students' degree of university identification before they began the term moderated the influence of campus authorities' treatment quality on academic engagement three months later. These longitudinal data provide sup…
Conceptualizing Legitimacy, Measuring Legitimating Beliefs
Legitimacy is a concept meant to capture the beliefs that bolster willing obedience. The authors model legitimacy as a sense of obligation or willingness to obey authorities (value-based legitimacy) that then translates into actual compliance with governmental regulations and laws (behavioral legitimacy). The focus is on the factors that elicit this sense of obligation and willingness to comply in a way that supports rational-legal authority. The…
New Tricks
The digital game Dog's Life (Frontier Developments, 2003) attempts, by means of its "Smellovision" feature, to communicate something of the alterity of canine perception: the greater field of view, the lower visual perspective, the dichromatic colour vision, as well as the spectacularly impressive sense of smell. At the same time, it encourages players to identify with the game's protagonist: you "are" Jake, digging up bones, marking territory an…
Aggressive Policing and the Mental Health of Young Urban Men
Objectives. We surveyed young men on their experiences of police encounters and subsequent mental health. Methods. Between September 2012 and March 2013, we conducted a population-based telephone survey of 1261 young men aged 18 to 26 years in New York City. Respondents reported how many times they were approached by New York Police Department officers, what these encounters entailed, any trauma they attributed to the stops, and their overall anx…
What motivates adherence to medical recommendations? The procedural justice approach to gaining deference in the medical arena
Although it is within their long‐term interest, patients often fail to follow health care recommendations made by medical experts. This failure results in the widespread occurrence of preventable health problems and a significant increase in health care costs. Taking a new approach to confronting this issue, this paper examines whether the procedural justice model, which has been useful in explaining cooperation with legal and managerial authorit…
In the eyes of the law: Perception versus reality in appraisals of video evidence
Video evidence has been widely welcomed into courtrooms, largely on the implicit faith that video objectively represents the legally relevant facts as they are. In this paper, we argue that both lay and legal understanding of video as "objective" is a misapprehension. The ways in which people watch video, as well as the vividness of the format itself, may encourage biased decision-making. We suggest the need for an evidence-based understanding of…
Difficulties
Policing alienated minorities in divided cities
Minority groups frequently challenge the legitimacy of legal authorities, particularly the police. Without trust and legitimacy, the police encounter constant conflict and cannot function effectively. While past research has examined minorities’ perceptions of the police, national minorities provide an interesting and under‐investigated test case because of their inherent identity conflict with the state. The current research examines three facto…
Psychology (20 works) · Political science (16 works) · Law (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Epistemology (9 works) · Economic Justice (8 works) · Philosophy (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Law (7 works)