K Sanford
Biographic Data
| ID | 7882 |
|---|---|
| NAME | K Sanford |
| GIVEN NAMES | K |
| FAMILY NAME | Sanford |
| SIGNATURE | SANFORD K |
| AFFILIATIONS | Baylor University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4995-9864 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 37 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Social relationships, stress, and treatment adherence perceptions in type 2 diabetes and hypertension: Between-person, within-person, and compositional associations
OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are "intertwined" conditions with lifestyle treatment plans, but patients often struggle to consistently engage in and follow treatment plans. To identify potential mechanisms for improving patient adherence to lifestyle treatment plans for type 2 diabetes and hypertension, this longitudinal study investigated the extent to which situational changes in patient-practitioner relationships, close relations…
The Healthcare Discrimination Experience Scale: Assessing a Variable Crucial for Explaining Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Patient Activation and Health
Assessing Attitudes Toward Covid-19 Prevention: Defining Two Attitudes Crucial for Understanding Systemic and Social Variables Associated with Disparities
Attitudinal and social predictors of adherence to oral endocrine therapy: A psychometrically-informed model
There is a need for a psychometrically-informed model identifying attitudinal and social factors explaining adherence to oral endocrine therapy (OET) for women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. This study tested a model with variables selected by stringent psychometric criteria, including attitudes about benefit and burden, patient-practitioner alliance and confusion, and positive and negative interpersonal interactions. Self-report s…
Keeping the Flame Alive: Describing Marriage and Divorce Among Professional Firefighters
There is a common belief, but little empirical evidence, that firefighters are uniquely vulnerable to divorce. The present study aimed to examine key demographic and occupational factors related to divorce among firefighters. Online survey data (relationship status, relationship history, demographics, and occupational history) were collected from 163 firefighters in an urban city of the Southern United States. Divorced firefighters were older, in…
Interpersonal Resilience Inventory: Assessing positive and negative interactions during hardships and Covid ‐19
When people face difficult life situations, close interpersonal interactions that are positive (supportive, warm, and intimate) and negative (critical, withdrawing, and unhelpful) can be assessed with the Interpersonal Resilience Inventory and should be distinct from social support indices (structural support and perceived support schema), associated with stress and well‐being, and salient across different stress contexts. Online participants com…
When we say "perceived support," what do we mean? Contexts and components of support among people with serious medical conditions
Perceived social support is important for numerous health outcomes in people with serious medical conditions; however, previous studies have targeted different assessment contexts (including single people or partnered people reporting on either general or relationship-specific support) and different components of perceived support (including positive and negative interactions and support availability). The present study investigated potential fun…
A latent change score model of conflict resolution in couples: Are negative behaviors bad, benign, or beneficial
This study used latent change score models to examine how couples make progress toward resolution when they experience conflicts. It examined why negative conflict engagement might sometimes predict increased resolution, and how this process might be moderated by relationship satisfaction. A sample of 734 people in heterosexual marriages or cohabitation relationships were asked to identify an episode of relationship conflict and complete a questi…
Emotion and underlying concerns during couples' conflict: An investigation of within‐person change
This study investigated how emotion changes within persons across different episodes of romantic relationship conflict. Presumably, changes in different types of emotion are linked to changes in the types of underlying adaptive concerns people have during conflict, which in turn are linked to changes in the types of emotion that one's partner is perceived to express. Over the span of 8 weeks, 105 college students in romantic relationships complet…
Hard and soft emotion during conflict: Investigating married couples and other relationships
Three studies investigated the function of 2 types of negative emotion during interpersonal conflict. Hard emotion includes feeling angry or aggravated. Soft emotion includes feeling sad or hurt. In both Study 1 (including 236 married people) and Study 2 (including 140 college students), participants recalled 3 different previous conflict episodes. In the third study, 77 married couples were observed in 4 different conflict conversations, complet…
Characterizing aggressive behavior in a forensic population
The concept of a dichotomous versus a continuous aggression model continues to be debated within the research literature. The Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS; M. S. Stanford, R. J. Houston, C. W. Mathias, et al., 2003) is a newly developed self-report instrument designed to classify an individual's aggressive behavior as predominantly premeditated or predominantly impulsive. The IPAS consists of 30-items that are scored on a 5-point…
When is negative emotion positive for relationships? An investigation of married couples and roommates
Three types of negative emotion (hard, soft, and fear based) were believed to be integral to functioning in close interpersonal relationships. Hard emotion includes feeling angry, soft emotion includes feeling sad or hurt, and fear‐based emotion includes feeling anxious or threatened. Married persons (studies 1 and 3) and college roommates (study 2) rated the extent to which they would feel different emotions in response to a variety of negative …
Problem–solving conversations in marriage: Does it matter what topics couples discuss
To address the validity of a common procedure for assessing problem–solving communication behavior in marriage, this study investigated the extent to which communication behavior is influenced by the difficulty of the topic being discussed. Married couples engaged in a sequence of four videotaped problem–solving conversations, and the topics discussed in each conversation were coded for difficulty. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to investi…
Expectancies and Communication Behavior in Marriage: Distinguishing Proximal-Level Effects from Distal-Level Effects
This study investigates the relationship between married couples' communication behavior during problem-solving conversations and their pre-conversation expectancies. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to distinguish between proximal-level and distal-level effects. A proximal-level effect is when fluctuations in a person's expectancies are followed by immediate changes in communication behavior. A distal-level effect is when a person's average…
Memories of Feeling Misunderstood, and a Schema of Partner Empathic Responding: New Scales for Marital Research
Two instruments were created to assess cognitions in marital relationships: these were a 4-minute speeded test to assess Memory Accessibility for Partner Not Understanding (MAPNU), and a 20-item Likert-type questionnaire to assess Schema of Partner Empathic Responses to Anger (SOPERA). Seventy-four married individuals (37 couples, ranging from happily married to mildly distressed) completed both cognitive measures, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and…
Two Dimensions of Adult Attachment: Further Validation
The present study used confirmatory factor analysis to identify two dimensions of adult attachment, analogous to infant attachment theory, using items derived from Hazan & Shaver's (1987) widely used self-report measure. Subjects were 571 private university or community college students. Results indicated that a two-dimensional model best fits the data, that a three-dimensional model fits slightly less well and was simply less parsimonious, and t…
Toward a Masturbation Ethic
An appropriate Christian masturbation ethic will be informed by a distinctive moral vision, historical viewpoints, psychological research, and contemporary issues. The Christian scriptures do not prescribe a masturbation ethic, but rather nurture a particular moral vision that has as its final telos right relationships both with God and among persons. Historical viewpoints, however, have been based on misinformation about human relationships and …
Two Dimensions of Adult Attachment: Further Validation
The present study used confirmatory factor analysis to identify two dimensions of adult attachment, analogous to infant attachment theory, using items derived from Hazan & Shaver's (1987) widely used self-report measure. Subjects were 571 private university or community college students. Results indicated that a two-dimensional model best fits the data, that a three-dimensional model fits slightly less well and was simply less parsimonious, and t…
Expectancies and Communication Behavior in Marriage: Distinguishing Proximal-Level Effects from Distal-Level Effects
This study investigates the relationship between married couples' communication behavior during problem-solving conversations and their pre-conversation expectancies. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to distinguish between proximal-level and distal-level effects. A proximal-level effect is when fluctuations in a person's expectancies are followed by immediate changes in communication behavior. A distal-level effect is when a person's average…
A latent change score model of conflict resolution in couples: Are negative behaviors bad, benign, or beneficial
This study used latent change score models to examine how couples make progress toward resolution when they experience conflicts. It examined why negative conflict engagement might sometimes predict increased resolution, and how this process might be moderated by relationship satisfaction. A sample of 734 people in heterosexual marriages or cohabitation relationships were asked to identify an episode of relationship conflict and complete a questi…
When we say "perceived support," what do we mean? Contexts and components of support among people with serious medical conditions
Perceived social support is important for numerous health outcomes in people with serious medical conditions; however, previous studies have targeted different assessment contexts (including single people or partnered people reporting on either general or relationship-specific support) and different components of perceived support (including positive and negative interactions and support availability). The present study investigated potential fun…
The Healthcare Discrimination Experience Scale: Assessing a Variable Crucial for Explaining Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Patient Activation and Health
Memories of Feeling Misunderstood, and a Schema of Partner Empathic Responding: New Scales for Marital Research
Two instruments were created to assess cognitions in marital relationships: these were a 4-minute speeded test to assess Memory Accessibility for Partner Not Understanding (MAPNU), and a 20-item Likert-type questionnaire to assess Schema of Partner Empathic Responses to Anger (SOPERA). Seventy-four married individuals (37 couples, ranging from happily married to mildly distressed) completed both cognitive measures, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and…
Attitudinal and social predictors of adherence to oral endocrine therapy: A psychometrically-informed model
There is a need for a psychometrically-informed model identifying attitudinal and social factors explaining adherence to oral endocrine therapy (OET) for women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. This study tested a model with variables selected by stringent psychometric criteria, including attitudes about benefit and burden, patient-practitioner alliance and confusion, and positive and negative interpersonal interactions. Self-report s…
Toward a Masturbation Ethic
An appropriate Christian masturbation ethic will be informed by a distinctive moral vision, historical viewpoints, psychological research, and contemporary issues. The Christian scriptures do not prescribe a masturbation ethic, but rather nurture a particular moral vision that has as its final telos right relationships both with God and among persons. Historical viewpoints, however, have been based on misinformation about human relationships and …
Two Dimensions of Adult Attachment: Further Validation
The present study used confirmatory factor analysis to identify two dimensions of adult attachment, analogous to infant attachment theory, using items derived from Hazan & Shaver's (1987) widely used self-report measure. Subjects were 571 private university or community college students. Results indicated that a two-dimensional model best fits the data, that a three-dimensional model fits slightly less well and was simply less parsimonious, and t…
Memories of Feeling Misunderstood, and a Schema of Partner Empathic Responding: New Scales for Marital Research
Two instruments were created to assess cognitions in marital relationships: these were a 4-minute speeded test to assess Memory Accessibility for Partner Not Understanding (MAPNU), and a 20-item Likert-type questionnaire to assess Schema of Partner Empathic Responses to Anger (SOPERA). Seventy-four married individuals (37 couples, ranging from happily married to mildly distressed) completed both cognitive measures, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and…
Problem–solving conversations in marriage: Does it matter what topics couples discuss
To address the validity of a common procedure for assessing problem–solving communication behavior in marriage, this study investigated the extent to which communication behavior is influenced by the difficulty of the topic being discussed. Married couples engaged in a sequence of four videotaped problem–solving conversations, and the topics discussed in each conversation were coded for difficulty. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to investi…
Expectancies and Communication Behavior in Marriage: Distinguishing Proximal-Level Effects from Distal-Level Effects
This study investigates the relationship between married couples' communication behavior during problem-solving conversations and their pre-conversation expectancies. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to distinguish between proximal-level and distal-level effects. A proximal-level effect is when fluctuations in a person's expectancies are followed by immediate changes in communication behavior. A distal-level effect is when a person's average…
When is negative emotion positive for relationships? An investigation of married couples and roommates
Three types of negative emotion (hard, soft, and fear based) were believed to be integral to functioning in close interpersonal relationships. Hard emotion includes feeling angry, soft emotion includes feeling sad or hurt, and fear‐based emotion includes feeling anxious or threatened. Married persons (studies 1 and 3) and college roommates (study 2) rated the extent to which they would feel different emotions in response to a variety of negative …
Characterizing aggressive behavior in a forensic population
The concept of a dichotomous versus a continuous aggression model continues to be debated within the research literature. The Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS; M. S. Stanford, R. J. Houston, C. W. Mathias, et al., 2003) is a newly developed self-report instrument designed to classify an individual's aggressive behavior as predominantly premeditated or predominantly impulsive. The IPAS consists of 30-items that are scored on a 5-point…
Hard and soft emotion during conflict: Investigating married couples and other relationships
Three studies investigated the function of 2 types of negative emotion during interpersonal conflict. Hard emotion includes feeling angry or aggravated. Soft emotion includes feeling sad or hurt. In both Study 1 (including 236 married people) and Study 2 (including 140 college students), participants recalled 3 different previous conflict episodes. In the third study, 77 married couples were observed in 4 different conflict conversations, complet…
Emotion and underlying concerns during couples' conflict: An investigation of within‐person change
This study investigated how emotion changes within persons across different episodes of romantic relationship conflict. Presumably, changes in different types of emotion are linked to changes in the types of underlying adaptive concerns people have during conflict, which in turn are linked to changes in the types of emotion that one's partner is perceived to express. Over the span of 8 weeks, 105 college students in romantic relationships complet…
A latent change score model of conflict resolution in couples: Are negative behaviors bad, benign, or beneficial
This study used latent change score models to examine how couples make progress toward resolution when they experience conflicts. It examined why negative conflict engagement might sometimes predict increased resolution, and how this process might be moderated by relationship satisfaction. A sample of 734 people in heterosexual marriages or cohabitation relationships were asked to identify an episode of relationship conflict and complete a questi…
When we say "perceived support," what do we mean? Contexts and components of support among people with serious medical conditions
Perceived social support is important for numerous health outcomes in people with serious medical conditions; however, previous studies have targeted different assessment contexts (including single people or partnered people reporting on either general or relationship-specific support) and different components of perceived support (including positive and negative interactions and support availability). The present study investigated potential fun…
Interpersonal Resilience Inventory: Assessing positive and negative interactions during hardships and Covid ‐19
When people face difficult life situations, close interpersonal interactions that are positive (supportive, warm, and intimate) and negative (critical, withdrawing, and unhelpful) can be assessed with the Interpersonal Resilience Inventory and should be distinct from social support indices (structural support and perceived support schema), associated with stress and well‐being, and salient across different stress contexts. Online participants com…
Assessing Attitudes Toward Covid-19 Prevention: Defining Two Attitudes Crucial for Understanding Systemic and Social Variables Associated with Disparities
Attitudinal and social predictors of adherence to oral endocrine therapy: A psychometrically-informed model
There is a need for a psychometrically-informed model identifying attitudinal and social factors explaining adherence to oral endocrine therapy (OET) for women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. This study tested a model with variables selected by stringent psychometric criteria, including attitudes about benefit and burden, patient-practitioner alliance and confusion, and positive and negative interpersonal interactions. Self-report s…
Keeping the Flame Alive: Describing Marriage and Divorce Among Professional Firefighters
There is a common belief, but little empirical evidence, that firefighters are uniquely vulnerable to divorce. The present study aimed to examine key demographic and occupational factors related to divorce among firefighters. Online survey data (relationship status, relationship history, demographics, and occupational history) were collected from 163 firefighters in an urban city of the Southern United States. Divorced firefighters were older, in…
The Healthcare Discrimination Experience Scale: Assessing a Variable Crucial for Explaining Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Patient Activation and Health
Social relationships, stress, and treatment adherence perceptions in type 2 diabetes and hypertension: Between-person, within-person, and compositional associations
OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are "intertwined" conditions with lifestyle treatment plans, but patients often struggle to consistently engage in and follow treatment plans. To identify potential mechanisms for improving patient adherence to lifestyle treatment plans for type 2 diabetes and hypertension, this longitudinal study investigated the extent to which situational changes in patient-practitioner relationships, close relations…
Psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Developmental psychology (10 works) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Clinical Psychology (6 works) · Interpersonal communication (5 works) · Medicine (5 works) · Multilevel model (5 works) · Clinical Psychology (4 works)