Rafael Flores‐Ayala
Biographic Data
| ID | 7985683 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Rafael Flores‐Ayala |
| GIVEN NAMES | Rafael |
| FAMILY NAME | Flores‐Ayala |
| SIGNATURE | AYALA R F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7895-5390 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 9 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Approaches to quantify the contribution of multiple anemia risk factors in children and women from cross-sectional national surveys
Background Attributable fractions (AF) of anemia are often used to understand the multifactorial etiologies of anemia, despite challenges interpreting them in cross-sectional studies. We aimed to compare different statistical approaches for estimating AF for anemia due to inflammation, malaria, and micronutrient deficiencies including iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and folate. Methods AF were calculated using nationally representative survey data …
Iron Deficiency in the United States: Limitations in Guidelines, Data, and Monitoring of Disparities
Iron deficiency and the more severe sequela, iron deficiency anemia, are public health problems associated with morbidity and mortality, particularly among pregnant women and younger children. The 1998 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for prevention and control of iron deficiency in the United States is old and does not reflect recent evidence but is a foundational reference for many federal, clinical, and program guidel…
Factors associated with anaemia in a nationally representative sample of nonpregnant women of reproductive age in Nepal
We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey to evaluate factors associated with anaemia among a nationally representative sample of nonpregnant women 15- 49 years (n = 1, 918). Haemoglobin, biomarkers of iron status and other micronutrients, infection, inflammation, and blood disorders were assessed from venous blood. Soil-transmitted helminth and Helicobacter pylori infections were assessed from stool. S…
Factors associated with anaemia among adolescent boys and girls 10–19 years old in Nepal
We used data from the 2016 Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey to evaluate factors associated with anaemia (World Health Organization cut-points using altitude- and smoking-adjusted haemoglobin [Hb]) among nationally representative samples of adolescents 10-19 years. Hb, biomarkers of micronutrients, infection and inflammation were assessed from venous blood. Sociodemographic and household characteristics, dietary diversity, pica and recen…
Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight and stunting in children under 5 years
Objective Prevalence ranges to classify levels of wasting and stunting have been used since the 1990s for global monitoring of malnutrition. Recent developments prompted a re-examination of existing ranges and development of new ones for childhood overweight. The present paper reports from the WHO–UNICEF Technical Expert Advisory Group on Nutrition Monitoring. Design Thresholds were developed in relation to sd of the normative WHO Child Growth St…
C‐reactive protein increases with gestational age during pregnancy among Chinese women
OBJECTIVE: To examine the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to gestational weeks during pregnancy among Chinese women. METHODS: From a randomized control trial of prenatal supplementation with folic acid, iron-folic acid, and multiple micronutrients in China, we examined 834 pregnant women with CRP measured initially between 5 and 20 weeks and at follow-up between 28 and 32 weeks gestation. We calculated and plotted CRP geomet…
Accounting for the influence of inflammation on retinol‐binding protein in a population survey of Liberian preschool‐age children
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is an important contributor to child morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of VAD, measured by retinol-binding protein (RBP) or retinol, is overestimated in populations with a high prevalence of inflammation. We aimed to quantify and adjust for the effect of inflammation on VAD prevalence in a nationally representative survey of Liberian children 6 to 35 months of age. We compared five approaches to adjust RBP for inf…
Introducing a new monitoring manual for home fortification and strengthening capacity to monitor nutrition interventions
Lack of monitoring capacity is a key barrier for nutrition interventions and limits programme management, decision making and programme effectiveness in many low-income and middle-income countries. A 2011 global assessment reported lack of monitoring capacity was the top barrier for home fortification interventions, such as micronutrient powders or lipid-based nutrient supplements. A Manual for Developing and Implementing Monitoring Systems for H…
Development and use of the generic WHO/CDC logic model for vitamin and mineral interventions in public health programmes
Objective Nutrition interventions are critical to achieve the Millennium Development Goals; among them, micronutrient interventions are considered cost-effective and programmatically feasible to scale up, but there are limited tools to communicate the programme components and their relationships. The WHO/CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) logic model for micronutrient interventions in public health programmes is a useful resource fo…
Iron Deficiency in the United States: Limitations in Guidelines, Data, and Monitoring of Disparities
Iron deficiency and the more severe sequela, iron deficiency anemia, are public health problems associated with morbidity and mortality, particularly among pregnant women and younger children. The 1998 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for prevention and control of iron deficiency in the United States is old and does not reflect recent evidence but is a foundational reference for many federal, clinical, and program guidel…
Introducing a new monitoring manual for home fortification and strengthening capacity to monitor nutrition interventions
Lack of monitoring capacity is a key barrier for nutrition interventions and limits programme management, decision making and programme effectiveness in many low-income and middle-income countries. A 2011 global assessment reported lack of monitoring capacity was the top barrier for home fortification interventions, such as micronutrient powders or lipid-based nutrient supplements. A Manual for Developing and Implementing Monitoring Systems for H…
Development and use of the generic WHO/CDC logic model for vitamin and mineral interventions in public health programmes
Objective Nutrition interventions are critical to achieve the Millennium Development Goals; among them, micronutrient interventions are considered cost-effective and programmatically feasible to scale up, but there are limited tools to communicate the programme components and their relationships. The WHO/CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) logic model for micronutrient interventions in public health programmes is a useful resource fo…
C‐reactive protein increases with gestational age during pregnancy among Chinese women
OBJECTIVE: To examine the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to gestational weeks during pregnancy among Chinese women. METHODS: From a randomized control trial of prenatal supplementation with folic acid, iron-folic acid, and multiple micronutrients in China, we examined 834 pregnant women with CRP measured initially between 5 and 20 weeks and at follow-up between 28 and 32 weeks gestation. We calculated and plotted CRP geomet…
Accounting for the influence of inflammation on retinol‐binding protein in a population survey of Liberian preschool‐age children
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is an important contributor to child morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of VAD, measured by retinol-binding protein (RBP) or retinol, is overestimated in populations with a high prevalence of inflammation. We aimed to quantify and adjust for the effect of inflammation on VAD prevalence in a nationally representative survey of Liberian children 6 to 35 months of age. We compared five approaches to adjust RBP for inf…
Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight and stunting in children under 5 years
Objective Prevalence ranges to classify levels of wasting and stunting have been used since the 1990s for global monitoring of malnutrition. Recent developments prompted a re-examination of existing ranges and development of new ones for childhood overweight. The present paper reports from the WHO–UNICEF Technical Expert Advisory Group on Nutrition Monitoring. Design Thresholds were developed in relation to sd of the normative WHO Child Growth St…
Factors associated with anaemia in a nationally representative sample of nonpregnant women of reproductive age in Nepal
We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey to evaluate factors associated with anaemia among a nationally representative sample of nonpregnant women 15- 49 years (n = 1, 918). Haemoglobin, biomarkers of iron status and other micronutrients, infection, inflammation, and blood disorders were assessed from venous blood. Soil-transmitted helminth and Helicobacter pylori infections were assessed from stool. S…
Factors associated with anaemia among adolescent boys and girls 10–19 years old in Nepal
We used data from the 2016 Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey to evaluate factors associated with anaemia (World Health Organization cut-points using altitude- and smoking-adjusted haemoglobin [Hb]) among nationally representative samples of adolescents 10-19 years. Hb, biomarkers of micronutrients, infection and inflammation were assessed from venous blood. Sociodemographic and household characteristics, dietary diversity, pica and recen…
Approaches to quantify the contribution of multiple anemia risk factors in children and women from cross-sectional national surveys
Background Attributable fractions (AF) of anemia are often used to understand the multifactorial etiologies of anemia, despite challenges interpreting them in cross-sectional studies. We aimed to compare different statistical approaches for estimating AF for anemia due to inflammation, malaria, and micronutrient deficiencies including iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and folate. Methods AF were calculated using nationally representative survey data …
Iron Deficiency in the United States: Limitations in Guidelines, Data, and Monitoring of Disparities
Iron deficiency and the more severe sequela, iron deficiency anemia, are public health problems associated with morbidity and mortality, particularly among pregnant women and younger children. The 1998 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for prevention and control of iron deficiency in the United States is old and does not reflect recent evidence but is a foundational reference for many federal, clinical, and program guidel…
Medicine (9 works) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (6 works) · Environmental health (6 works) · Internal Medicine (5 works) · Iron Metabolism and Disorders (5 works) · Micronutrient (5 works) · Pediatrics (4 works) · Population (4 works) · Confidence interval (3 works) · Demography (3 works)