Gerd Carling
Biographic Data
| ID | 804970 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gerd Carling |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gerd |
| FAMILY NAME | Carling |
| SIGNATURE | CARLING G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Lund University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9190-9724 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 15 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Au croisement de la linguistique comparative, de la typologie et de la phylogénétique dans le lexique et la grammaire – en indo-européen et au-delà
Alessandro Del Tomba
The evolution of lexical semantics dynamics, directionality, and drift
Introduction The directionality of semantic change is problematic in traditional comparative models of language reconstruction. Compared to, e.g., phonological and morphological change, the directions of meaning change over time are potentially endless and difficult to reconstruct. The current paper attempts to reconstruct the mechanisms of lexical meaning change by a quantitative model. We use a data set of 104 core concepts in 160 Eurasian lang…
Areal pressure in grammatical evolution
This article investigates the evolutionary and spatial dynamics of typological characters in 117 Indo-European languages. We partition types of change (i.e., gain or loss) for each variant according to whether they bring about a simplification in morphosyntactic patterns that must be learned, whether they are neutral (i.e., neither simplifying nor introducing complexity) or whether they introduce a more complex pattern. We find that changes which…
Expansion by migration and diffusion by contact is a source to the global diversity of linguistic nominal categorization systems
Languages of diverse structures and different families tend to share common patterns if they are spoken in geographic proximity. This convergence is often explained by horizontal diffusibility, which is typically ascribed to language contact. In such a scenario, speakers of two or more languages interact and influence each other’s languages, and in this interaction, more grammaticalized features tend to be more resistant to diffusion compared to …
Gender Assignment in Six North Scandinavian Languages
This study addresses gender assignment in six North Scandinavian varieties with a three-gender system: Old Norse, Norwegian (Nynorsk), Old Swedish, Nysvenska, Jamtlandic, and Elfdalian. Focusing on gender variation and change, we investigate the role of various factors in gender change. Using the contemporary Swedish varieties Jamtlandic and Elfdalian as a basis, we compare gender assignment in other North Scandinavian languages, tracing the evol…
Evolutionary dynamics of Indo-European alignment patterns
This paper employs phylogenetic modeling to reconstruct the alignment system of Indo-European. We use a data set of categorical morphosyntactic features, which take states such as ‘nominative-accusative’, ‘active-stative’, or ‘ergative’. We analyze these characters with a standard Bayesian comparative phylogenetic method, inferring transition rates between character states on the basis of a phylogenetic representation of the languages in the data…
Reconstructing the evolution of Indo-European grammar
Reconstructing the evolution of Indo-European grammar
This study uses phylogenetic methods adopted from computational biology in order to reconstruct features of Proto-Indo-European morphosyntax. We estimate the probability of the presence of typological features in Proto-Indo-European on the assumption that these features change according to a stochastic process governed by evolutionary transition rates between them. We compare these probabilities to previous reconstructions of Proto-Indo-European …
The typology of sound symbolism
Sound symbolism emerged as a prevalent component in the origin and development of language. However, as previous studies have either been lacking in scope or in phonetic granularity, the present study investigates the phonetic and semantic features involved from a bottom-up perspective. By analyzing the phonemes of 344 near-universal concepts in 245 language families, we establish 125 sound-meaning associations. The results also show that between…
Patterns of gender assignment in the Jamtlandic variety of Scandinavian
In this study, we present an analysis of gender assignment tendencies in Jamtlandic, a language variety of Sweden, using a word list of 1029 items obtained from fieldwork. Most research on gender assignment in the Scandinavian languages focuses on the standard languages (Steinmetz 1985; Källström 1996; Trosterud 2001, 2006) and Norwegian dialects (Enger 2011, Kvinlaug 2011, Enger & Corbett 2012). However, gender assignment principles for Swedish …
Deixis in narrative
The current paper describes the deictic system of Kamaiurá, a language of the Tupí-Guaraní family. The Kamaiurá system of deictic demonstratives and adverbials has a high degree of complexity, including at least 17 different forms, of which several have different functions. The system codes four levels of Participant deixis, with proximal, medial, distal and far distal deixis. Forms can also code anaphora and highly specialized locations of the r…
The Vocabulary ofTocharian Medical Manuscripts
This paper will give a survey of the Tocharian medical vocabulary as known from fragments of manuscripts preserved in Buddhist monasteries along the Northern route of the Silk Road. The origin of the medical vocabulary reflects the influx of loanwords and cultural influences from neighbouring languages as well as the written lingua franca of the region, Sanskrit. However, different parts of the vocabulary reflect different types of vocabulary, e.…
Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen
Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen
This volume deals with the use of the local cases in Tocharian A and Tocharian B, Indo-European languages of the Tarim Basin, Eastern Central Asia, of the 7th - 9th centuries AD. Tocharian is basically inflectional-agglutinative, and this tendency is dominant in the case system. This study concentrates on the local cases expressing location and direction (i.e. oblique, allative, perlative, and locative) in case constructions and adpositional phra…
Reconstructing the evolution of Indo-European grammar
This study uses phylogenetic methods adopted from computational biology in order to reconstruct features of Proto-Indo-European morphosyntax. We estimate the probability of the presence of typological features in Proto-Indo-European on the assumption that these features change according to a stochastic process governed by evolutionary transition rates between them. We compare these probabilities to previous reconstructions of Proto-Indo-European …
Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen
This volume deals with the use of the local cases in Tocharian A and Tocharian B, Indo-European languages of the Tarim Basin, Eastern Central Asia, of the 7th - 9th centuries AD. Tocharian is basically inflectional-agglutinative, and this tendency is dominant in the case system. This study concentrates on the local cases expressing location and direction (i.e. oblique, allative, perlative, and locative) in case constructions and adpositional phra…
Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen
The Vocabulary ofTocharian Medical Manuscripts
This paper will give a survey of the Tocharian medical vocabulary as known from fragments of manuscripts preserved in Buddhist monasteries along the Northern route of the Silk Road. The origin of the medical vocabulary reflects the influx of loanwords and cultural influences from neighbouring languages as well as the written lingua franca of the region, Sanskrit. However, different parts of the vocabulary reflect different types of vocabulary, e.…
Deixis in narrative
The current paper describes the deictic system of Kamaiurá, a language of the Tupí-Guaraní family. The Kamaiurá system of deictic demonstratives and adverbials has a high degree of complexity, including at least 17 different forms, of which several have different functions. The system codes four levels of Participant deixis, with proximal, medial, distal and far distal deixis. Forms can also code anaphora and highly specialized locations of the r…
The typology of sound symbolism
Sound symbolism emerged as a prevalent component in the origin and development of language. However, as previous studies have either been lacking in scope or in phonetic granularity, the present study investigates the phonetic and semantic features involved from a bottom-up perspective. By analyzing the phonemes of 344 near-universal concepts in 245 language families, we establish 125 sound-meaning associations. The results also show that between…
Patterns of gender assignment in the Jamtlandic variety of Scandinavian
In this study, we present an analysis of gender assignment tendencies in Jamtlandic, a language variety of Sweden, using a word list of 1029 items obtained from fieldwork. Most research on gender assignment in the Scandinavian languages focuses on the standard languages (Steinmetz 1985; Källström 1996; Trosterud 2001, 2006) and Norwegian dialects (Enger 2011, Kvinlaug 2011, Enger & Corbett 2012). However, gender assignment principles for Swedish …
Expansion by migration and diffusion by contact is a source to the global diversity of linguistic nominal categorization systems
Languages of diverse structures and different families tend to share common patterns if they are spoken in geographic proximity. This convergence is often explained by horizontal diffusibility, which is typically ascribed to language contact. In such a scenario, speakers of two or more languages interact and influence each other’s languages, and in this interaction, more grammaticalized features tend to be more resistant to diffusion compared to …
Gender Assignment in Six North Scandinavian Languages
This study addresses gender assignment in six North Scandinavian varieties with a three-gender system: Old Norse, Norwegian (Nynorsk), Old Swedish, Nysvenska, Jamtlandic, and Elfdalian. Focusing on gender variation and change, we investigate the role of various factors in gender change. Using the contemporary Swedish varieties Jamtlandic and Elfdalian as a basis, we compare gender assignment in other North Scandinavian languages, tracing the evol…
Evolutionary dynamics of Indo-European alignment patterns
This paper employs phylogenetic modeling to reconstruct the alignment system of Indo-European. We use a data set of categorical morphosyntactic features, which take states such as ‘nominative-accusative’, ‘active-stative’, or ‘ergative’. We analyze these characters with a standard Bayesian comparative phylogenetic method, inferring transition rates between character states on the basis of a phylogenetic representation of the languages in the data…
Reconstructing the evolution of Indo-European grammar
Reconstructing the evolution of Indo-European grammar
This study uses phylogenetic methods adopted from computational biology in order to reconstruct features of Proto-Indo-European morphosyntax. We estimate the probability of the presence of typological features in Proto-Indo-European on the assumption that these features change according to a stochastic process governed by evolutionary transition rates between them. We compare these probabilities to previous reconstructions of Proto-Indo-European …
Areal pressure in grammatical evolution
This article investigates the evolutionary and spatial dynamics of typological characters in 117 Indo-European languages. We partition types of change (i.e., gain or loss) for each variant according to whether they bring about a simplification in morphosyntactic patterns that must be learned, whether they are neutral (i.e., neither simplifying nor introducing complexity) or whether they introduce a more complex pattern. We find that changes which…
The evolution of lexical semantics dynamics, directionality, and drift
Introduction The directionality of semantic change is problematic in traditional comparative models of language reconstruction. Compared to, e.g., phonological and morphological change, the directions of meaning change over time are potentially endless and difficult to reconstruct. The current paper attempts to reconstruct the mechanisms of lexical meaning change by a quantitative model. We use a data set of 104 core concepts in 160 Eurasian lang…
Alessandro Del Tomba
Au croisement de la linguistique comparative, de la typologie et de la phylogénétique dans le lexique et la grammaire – en indo-européen et au-delà
Linguistics (13 works) · Philosophy (10 works) · Linguistics and language evolution (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Artificial Intelligence (7 works) · Linguistics and Cultural Studies (6 works) · Language and cultural evolution (5 works) · History (4 works) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (4 works) · Psychology (4 works)