Barbara S Okun
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 82300 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Barbara S Okun |
| PRENOMES | Barbara S |
| SOBRENOME | Okun |
| ASSINATURA | OKUN B S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9709-5055 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 33 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 317 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1994 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Do more egalitarian men experience less union dissolution? A couple‐level analysis
Religiosity and Overall Life Satisfaction
Are highly educated partners really more gender egalitarian? A couple-level analysis of social class differentials in attitudes and behaviors
BACKGROUND: Research suggests that, following major changes in women’s roles in developed societies, gender relations within heterosexual partnerships are entering a second stage, during which men’s roles are the main source of change. Some scholars suggest that changes in gender roles occur differentially across social classes, as reflected in variation across educational groups. OBJECTIVE: We ask how variation in the educational level of both p…
Cohort fertility of immigrants to Israel from the former Soviet Union
BACKGROUND: The political and economic change accompanying the collapse of the Soviet Union triggered a large wave of immigrants to Israel during the 1990s. These immigrants arrived from low-fertility contexts to a higher-fertility society. OBJECTIVE: We consider how the fertility of cohorts of diverse immigrant women from a low fertility context shifts in the context of high fertility. METHODS: We examine completed fertility, parity distribution…
Demographic Transition and the Industrial Revolution in England
We present a model of 19th Century population change in England & Wales. The model highlights contrasting demographic and economic processes in rural and urban sectors as core explanations for rural to urban migration, stemming from labor surpluses in the former and labor shortages in the latter. This massive migration transformed the geographic distribution of the population, in tandem with the economic transformation caused by the Industrial Re…
The Impact of Grandparental Death on the Fertility of Adult Children
The increasingly central role of vertical family kinship in Western societies underscores the potential value of intergenerational linkages that tie grandparents to the fertility of their adult children. Recent research has examined the changing demography of grandparenthood and the roles fulfilled by living grandparents, but the complex implications of grandparental death—a key feature of intergenerational linkages over the life course—have draw…
Housework, Gender Role Attitudes, and Couples' Fertility Intentions
Religiosity and Fertility
Cohabitation among secular Jews in Israel
Economic and ideational theories offer various explanations for the roles of ethnicity, education, and employment characteristics in determining cohabitation behavior in various contexts
An investigation of the unexpectedly high fertility of secular, native-born Jews in Israel
Secular, native-born Jews in Israel enjoy the socio-economic status of many affluent populations living in other democratic countries, but have above-replacement period and cohort fertility. This study revealed a constellation of interrelated factors which together characterize the socio-economic, cultural, and political environment of this fertility behaviour and set it apart from that of other advanced societies. The factors are: a combination …
Fertility and marriage behavior in Israel
Based on aggregate statistics, the population of Israel, as compared to all or most other developed societies, has very high levels of fertility and marriage (e.g. TFR of 2.96 in 2009 and only 9.7% never married among women aged 40-44 in 2009). However, st
Fertility Change among Post-1989 Immigrants to Israel from the Former Soviet Union
Research on the evolution of immigrant fertility patterns has focused on the expected reduction in fertility among immigrants from high fertility, less developed countries who arrive in relatively low-fertility developed societies. The current research considers a different context in which immigrants from the low-fertility Former Soviet Union arrive in a relatively high-fertility setting in Israel. This research context allows us to test various…
The impact of intermarriage on ethnic stratification
Reflections On Societal Change, Adjustments, and Responses
Building on Davis (1963) and subsequent work, we propose a conceptual framework that provides a guide for the organization of empirical demographic research. Our approach is based on the notion that changes in nuptiality, fertility, and migration are not objectives in and of themselves, but means for reducing welfare gaps—defined as the gaps between actual welfare and that which could be attained with altered demographic and/or other behavior. We…
Demographic behaviour of adults of mixed ethnic ancestry
We examine demographic behaviour of Jewish adults of mixed ethnic ancestry, relative to those of the two major Jewish ethnic groups in Israel. Research has shown that for measures of socioeconomic status, such as educational attainment, outcomes for multi-ethnics are in between - and very close to the middle of - those associated with the two major ethnic groups. We find that, in contrast, the marriage and fertility behaviour of multi-ethnic adul…
The Public Sector, Family Structure, and Labor Market Behavior
Recent research has suggested that the characteristics of paid work affect trade-offs between women's activities in the family and employment spheres. One argument suggests that public sector employment, more so than private sector employment, provides conditions that are amenable to the combination of paid work and family. In this article, the authors exploit panel-type data to compare the labor market behavior of Jewish Israeli women in the yea…
Special Reviewers
Educational stratification among Arabs and Jews in Israel
Arabs in Israel are a heterogeneous but largely underprivileged minority with a history of disadvantage in several domains, including education and employment. In this paper, we document changes in their attainment of various educational levels across cohorts born from the mid-1920s to the 1970s. We make comparisons among different Arab religious groups, between men and women, and between Arabs and the majority Jewish populations in Israel. We fi…
Insight into ethnic flux
Increases in ethnic and racial intermarriage in immigrant countries have led to growing proportions of persons of mixed ancestry and backgrounds. The marriage patterns of these persons both reflect and affect the salience and meaning of current forms of ethnicity and race in these societies. This article analyzes the marriage behavior of children of ethnically mixed unions in the Jewish population of Israel. Among persons of mixed ancestry, educa…
Generational Effects on Marriage Patterns
We analyze various effects of generational status on marriage patterns of Jewish immigrants and their descendants in Israel over the last 4 decades. We report the following findings: (a) important, independent effects of generational endogamy on marriage patterns in all periods; (b) steady declines in ethnic endogamy among the native born, along with stability in levels of ethnic endogamy among first-generation immigrants over the past 3 decades;…
Immigration, social change and assimilation
We consider changes in ethnic gaps among Jewish Israelis in a variety of measures of educational attainment over three generations, forty years of birth cohorts, and in three broad ethnic groups. We document the educational attainments of huge waves of immigrants and their descendants, beginning with those born before the foundation of the State, and ending with those whose members are now entering higher education. In addition, we examine ethnic…
The effects of ethnicity and educational attainment on Jewish marriage patterns
This paper presents a study of changes in marriage patterns among the Jewish population of Israel over nearly 40 years. Using data from four Israeli Censuses spanning experience from the late 1950s to the mid 1990s, we employ Schoen's harmonic mean model in a multivariate framework to consider, simultaneously, changes over time in age-specific marriage rates by ethnicity and educational attainment. Our analyses point to a number of clear and inte…
Religiosity and Contraceptive Method Choice
The Demographic Transition Then and Now
Fifty years have passed since the post–World War II development of demography as an academic field. During this time, one of the central focuses of research has been the study of demographic and fertility transitions. The authors reviewa selection of research developments and analytic issues that have appeared in the literature. After presenting, in roughly chronological order, the general development of this research work, they raise questions c…
Family Planning in the Jewish Population of Israel
This report describes trends and differentials in contraceptive practices among Israeli Jews. Data from two fertility surveys show a heavy reliance on the IUD, little use of sterilization, and declining, but still significant use of withdrawal. The factors associated with the practice of withdrawal are explored. Evidence is found in support of Santow's hypotheses that the degree of sex-role differentiation within marriage and the belief that men …
Educational stratification among Arabs and Jews in Israel
Arabs in Israel are a heterogeneous but largely underprivileged minority with a history of disadvantage in several domains, including education and employment. In this paper, we document changes in their attainment of various educational levels across cohorts born from the mid-1920s to the 1970s. We make comparisons among different Arab religious groups, between men and women, and between Arabs and the majority Jewish populations in Israel. We fi…
What Do We Know About the Timing of Fertility Transitions in Europe
The Princeton project on the decline of fertility in Europe (the European Fertility Project) suggested that this historical fertility transition occurred virtually simultaneously in a wide variety of economic and social environments. This finding has been cited widely as evidence for an innovation/diffusion view of fertility transitions. We demonstrate that the demographic methods used to date the fertility transition in Europe—primarily Ig, and …
Fertility and marriage behavior in Israel
Based on aggregate statistics, the population of Israel, as compared to all or most other developed societies, has very high levels of fertility and marriage (e.g. TFR of 2.96 in 2009 and only 9.7% never married among women aged 40-44 in 2009). However, st
The effects of ethnicity and educational attainment on Jewish marriage patterns
This paper presents a study of changes in marriage patterns among the Jewish population of Israel over nearly 40 years. Using data from four Israeli Censuses spanning experience from the late 1950s to the mid 1990s, we employ Schoen's harmonic mean model in a multivariate framework to consider, simultaneously, changes over time in age-specific marriage rates by ethnicity and educational attainment. Our analyses point to a number of clear and inte…
Demographic behaviour of adults of mixed ethnic ancestry
We examine demographic behaviour of Jewish adults of mixed ethnic ancestry, relative to those of the two major Jewish ethnic groups in Israel. Research has shown that for measures of socioeconomic status, such as educational attainment, outcomes for multi-ethnics are in between - and very close to the middle of - those associated with the two major ethnic groups. We find that, in contrast, the marriage and fertility behaviour of multi-ethnic adul…
Housework, Gender Role Attitudes, and Couples' Fertility Intentions
Evaluating Methods for Detecting Fertility Control
In their attempts to distinguish empirically between the innovation/diffusion and adaptation views of fertility transition, researchers have pointed out that evidence of fertility control practised by a significant proportion of women in pre-transition populations would render claims that fertility fell as a result of innovative behaviour less convincing. This paper uses simulation techniques to evaluate the ability of two indirect measures of fe…
The Demographic Transition Then and Now
Fifty years have passed since the post–World War II development of demography as an academic field. During this time, one of the central focuses of research has been the study of demographic and fertility transitions. The authors reviewa selection of research developments and analytic issues that have appeared in the literature. After presenting, in roughly chronological order, the general development of this research work, they raise questions c…
Fertility Change among Post-1989 Immigrants to Israel from the Former Soviet Union
Research on the evolution of immigrant fertility patterns has focused on the expected reduction in fertility among immigrants from high fertility, less developed countries who arrive in relatively low-fertility developed societies. The current research considers a different context in which immigrants from the low-fertility Former Soviet Union arrive in a relatively high-fertility setting in Israel. This research context allows us to test various…
The Public Sector, Family Structure, and Labor Market Behavior
Recent research has suggested that the characteristics of paid work affect trade-offs between women's activities in the family and employment spheres. One argument suggests that public sector employment, more so than private sector employment, provides conditions that are amenable to the combination of paid work and family. In this article, the authors exploit panel-type data to compare the labor market behavior of Jewish Israeli women in the yea…
Insight into ethnic flux
Increases in ethnic and racial intermarriage in immigrant countries have led to growing proportions of persons of mixed ancestry and backgrounds. The marriage patterns of these persons both reflect and affect the salience and meaning of current forms of ethnicity and race in these societies. This article analyzes the marriage behavior of children of ethnically mixed unions in the Jewish population of Israel. Among persons of mixed ancestry, educa…
Distinguishing Stopping Behavior from Spacing Behavior with Indirect Methods
A major controversy regarding fertility transitions in historical populations concerns whether the process consisted mainly of the diffusion of an innovation in stopping behavior termination of childbearing before the end of the reproductive lifespan or an adaptation to a new social and economic climate through more extensive spacing behavior deliberate prolongation of the intervals between births. The relative importance of stopping and spacing …
Immigration, social change and assimilation
We consider changes in ethnic gaps among Jewish Israelis in a variety of measures of educational attainment over three generations, forty years of birth cohorts, and in three broad ethnic groups. We document the educational attainments of huge waves of immigrants and their descendants, beginning with those born before the foundation of the State, and ending with those whose members are now entering higher education. In addition, we examine ethnic…
The Impact of Grandparental Death on the Fertility of Adult Children
The increasingly central role of vertical family kinship in Western societies underscores the potential value of intergenerational linkages that tie grandparents to the fertility of their adult children. Recent research has examined the changing demography of grandparenthood and the roles fulfilled by living grandparents, but the complex implications of grandparental death—a key feature of intergenerational linkages over the life course—have draw…
An investigation of the unexpectedly high fertility of secular, native-born Jews in Israel
Secular, native-born Jews in Israel enjoy the socio-economic status of many affluent populations living in other democratic countries, but have above-replacement period and cohort fertility. This study revealed a constellation of interrelated factors which together characterize the socio-economic, cultural, and political environment of this fertility behaviour and set it apart from that of other advanced societies. The factors are: a combination …
Religiosity and Fertility
Generational Effects on Marriage Patterns
We analyze various effects of generational status on marriage patterns of Jewish immigrants and their descendants in Israel over the last 4 decades. We report the following findings: (a) important, independent effects of generational endogamy on marriage patterns in all periods; (b) steady declines in ethnic endogamy among the native born, along with stability in levels of ethnic endogamy among first-generation immigrants over the past 3 decades;…
Religiosity and Contraceptive Method Choice
Family Planning in the Jewish Population of Israel
This report describes trends and differentials in contraceptive practices among Israeli Jews. Data from two fertility surveys show a heavy reliance on the IUD, little use of sterilization, and declining, but still significant use of withdrawal. The factors associated with the practice of withdrawal are explored. Evidence is found in support of Santow's hypotheses that the degree of sex-role differentiation within marriage and the belief that men …
Sex Preferences, Family Planning, and Fertility
This article examines how Asian and African Jews who immigrated to Israel adjusted their sex preferences to a modern Israeli society without preferences. Most immigrants of Asian and African origins arrived in Israel during the late 1940s and 1950s. Findings indicate that earlier Jewish marriage cohorts of North African and Middle Eastern origin had clear preferences for male children. Data were obtained from a 1974-75 fertility survey among a ra…
Are highly educated partners really more gender egalitarian? A couple-level analysis of social class differentials in attitudes and behaviors
BACKGROUND: Research suggests that, following major changes in women’s roles in developed societies, gender relations within heterosexual partnerships are entering a second stage, during which men’s roles are the main source of change. Some scholars suggest that changes in gender roles occur differentially across social classes, as reflected in variation across educational groups. OBJECTIVE: We ask how variation in the educational level of both p…
The impact of intermarriage on ethnic stratification
Innovation and Adaptation in Fertility Transition
This study examines fertility transition among a population of Jewish immigrants to Israel from Muslim countries of North Africa and the Middle East. The study addresses the impact of socioeconomic factors and culture on the spread of fertility control and birth spacing. Data were obtained from a fertility survey in 1974 and 1975 among a random sample of married urban Jewish women aged 18-54 years. Cohort analysis indicates that Asian-African wom…
Pretransition Marital Fertility Variation over Time
An important line of research concerning historical fertility patterns in currently developed countries of Europe has concluded that, prior to the fertility transition, marital fertility was essentially constant over time, and deliberate fertility control was virtually unknown. It has been argued that variations over time in overall fertility were largely the consequence of variations in nuptiality. Other researchers have challenged these views a…
Cohabitation among secular Jews in Israel
Economic and ideational theories offer various explanations for the roles of ethnicity, education, and employment characteristics in determining cohabitation behavior in various contexts
Cohort Parity Analysis
What Do We Know About the Timing of Fertility Transitions in Europe
The Princeton project on the decline of fertility in Europe (the European Fertility Project) suggested that this historical fertility transition occurred virtually simultaneously in a wide variety of economic and social environments. This finding has been cited widely as evidence for an innovation/diffusion view of fertility transitions. We demonstrate that the demographic methods used to date the fertility transition in Europe—primarily Ig, and …
Evaluating Methods for Detecting Fertility Control
In their attempts to distinguish empirically between the innovation/diffusion and adaptation views of fertility transition, researchers have pointed out that evidence of fertility control practised by a significant proportion of women in pre-transition populations would render claims that fertility fell as a result of innovative behaviour less convincing. This paper uses simulation techniques to evaluate the ability of two indirect measures of fe…
Distinguishing Stopping Behavior from Spacing Behavior with Indirect Methods
A major controversy regarding fertility transitions in historical populations concerns whether the process consisted mainly of the diffusion of an innovation in stopping behavior termination of childbearing before the end of the reproductive lifespan or an adaptation to a new social and economic climate through more extensive spacing behavior deliberate prolongation of the intervals between births. The relative importance of stopping and spacing …
Pretransition Marital Fertility Variation over Time
An important line of research concerning historical fertility patterns in currently developed countries of Europe has concluded that, prior to the fertility transition, marital fertility was essentially constant over time, and deliberate fertility control was virtually unknown. It has been argued that variations over time in overall fertility were largely the consequence of variations in nuptiality. Other researchers have challenged these views a…
Using Fertility Surveys to Evaluate an Indirect Method for Detecting Fertility Control
This paper is the latest report from a research project whose overall goal is to evaluate the performance of two indirect methods – Coale and Trussell's model (M&m) and Cohort Parity Analysis (CPA) – used in the study of fertility control in populations for which direct information on the use of birth control is lacking. In this paper we evaluate CPA, using data from 32 countries that participated in the World Fertility Survey. We show that in ac…
Sex Preferences, Family Planning, and Fertility
This article examines how Asian and African Jews who immigrated to Israel adjusted their sex preferences to a modern Israeli society without preferences. Most immigrants of Asian and African origins arrived in Israel during the late 1940s and 1950s. Findings indicate that earlier Jewish marriage cohorts of North African and Middle Eastern origin had clear preferences for male children. Data were obtained from a 1974-75 fertility survey among a ra…
Family Planning in the Jewish Population of Israel
This report describes trends and differentials in contraceptive practices among Israeli Jews. Data from two fertility surveys show a heavy reliance on the IUD, little use of sterilization, and declining, but still significant use of withdrawal. The factors associated with the practice of withdrawal are explored. Evidence is found in support of Santow's hypotheses that the degree of sex-role differentiation within marriage and the belief that men …
Innovation and Adaptation in Fertility Transition
This study examines fertility transition among a population of Jewish immigrants to Israel from Muslim countries of North Africa and the Middle East. The study addresses the impact of socioeconomic factors and culture on the spread of fertility control and birth spacing. Data were obtained from a fertility survey in 1974 and 1975 among a random sample of married urban Jewish women aged 18-54 years. Cohort analysis indicates that Asian-African wom…
The Demographic Transition Then and Now
Fifty years have passed since the post–World War II development of demography as an academic field. During this time, one of the central focuses of research has been the study of demographic and fertility transitions. The authors reviewa selection of research developments and analytic issues that have appeared in the literature. After presenting, in roughly chronological order, the general development of this research work, they raise questions c…
Religiosity and Contraceptive Method Choice
The effects of ethnicity and educational attainment on Jewish marriage patterns
This paper presents a study of changes in marriage patterns among the Jewish population of Israel over nearly 40 years. Using data from four Israeli Censuses spanning experience from the late 1950s to the mid 1990s, we employ Schoen's harmonic mean model in a multivariate framework to consider, simultaneously, changes over time in age-specific marriage rates by ethnicity and educational attainment. Our analyses point to a number of clear and inte…
Immigration, social change and assimilation
We consider changes in ethnic gaps among Jewish Israelis in a variety of measures of educational attainment over three generations, forty years of birth cohorts, and in three broad ethnic groups. We document the educational attainments of huge waves of immigrants and their descendants, beginning with those born before the foundation of the State, and ending with those whose members are now entering higher education. In addition, we examine ethnic…
Generational Effects on Marriage Patterns
We analyze various effects of generational status on marriage patterns of Jewish immigrants and their descendants in Israel over the last 4 decades. We report the following findings: (a) important, independent effects of generational endogamy on marriage patterns in all periods; (b) steady declines in ethnic endogamy among the native born, along with stability in levels of ethnic endogamy among first-generation immigrants over the past 3 decades;…
Insight into ethnic flux
Increases in ethnic and racial intermarriage in immigrant countries have led to growing proportions of persons of mixed ancestry and backgrounds. The marriage patterns of these persons both reflect and affect the salience and meaning of current forms of ethnicity and race in these societies. This article analyzes the marriage behavior of children of ethnically mixed unions in the Jewish population of Israel. Among persons of mixed ancestry, educa…
Special Reviewers
Educational stratification among Arabs and Jews in Israel
Arabs in Israel are a heterogeneous but largely underprivileged minority with a history of disadvantage in several domains, including education and employment. In this paper, we document changes in their attainment of various educational levels across cohorts born from the mid-1920s to the 1970s. We make comparisons among different Arab religious groups, between men and women, and between Arabs and the majority Jewish populations in Israel. We fi…
The Public Sector, Family Structure, and Labor Market Behavior
Recent research has suggested that the characteristics of paid work affect trade-offs between women's activities in the family and employment spheres. One argument suggests that public sector employment, more so than private sector employment, provides conditions that are amenable to the combination of paid work and family. In this article, the authors exploit panel-type data to compare the labor market behavior of Jewish Israeli women in the yea…
Demographic behaviour of adults of mixed ethnic ancestry
We examine demographic behaviour of Jewish adults of mixed ethnic ancestry, relative to those of the two major Jewish ethnic groups in Israel. Research has shown that for measures of socioeconomic status, such as educational attainment, outcomes for multi-ethnics are in between - and very close to the middle of - those associated with the two major ethnic groups. We find that, in contrast, the marriage and fertility behaviour of multi-ethnic adul…
Reflections On Societal Change, Adjustments, and Responses
Building on Davis (1963) and subsequent work, we propose a conceptual framework that provides a guide for the organization of empirical demographic research. Our approach is based on the notion that changes in nuptiality, fertility, and migration are not objectives in and of themselves, but means for reducing welfare gaps—defined as the gaps between actual welfare and that which could be attained with altered demographic and/or other behavior. We…
The impact of intermarriage on ethnic stratification
Fertility Change among Post-1989 Immigrants to Israel from the Former Soviet Union
Research on the evolution of immigrant fertility patterns has focused on the expected reduction in fertility among immigrants from high fertility, less developed countries who arrive in relatively low-fertility developed societies. The current research considers a different context in which immigrants from the low-fertility Former Soviet Union arrive in a relatively high-fertility setting in Israel. This research context allows us to test various…
Fertility and marriage behavior in Israel
Based on aggregate statistics, the population of Israel, as compared to all or most other developed societies, has very high levels of fertility and marriage (e.g. TFR of 2.96 in 2009 and only 9.7% never married among women aged 40-44 in 2009). However, st
Cohabitation among secular Jews in Israel
Economic and ideational theories offer various explanations for the roles of ethnicity, education, and employment characteristics in determining cohabitation behavior in various contexts
An investigation of the unexpectedly high fertility of secular, native-born Jews in Israel
Secular, native-born Jews in Israel enjoy the socio-economic status of many affluent populations living in other democratic countries, but have above-replacement period and cohort fertility. This study revealed a constellation of interrelated factors which together characterize the socio-economic, cultural, and political environment of this fertility behaviour and set it apart from that of other advanced societies. The factors are: a combination …
Sociology (30 obras) · Demography (27 obras) · Population (25 obras) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (21 obras) · Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences (19 obras) · Fertility (19 obras) · Geography (18 obras) · Economics (17 obras) · Demographic economics (15 obras) · Political science (13 obras)