M Geoffrey Hayes
Biographic Data
| ID | 82971 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M Geoffrey Hayes |
| GIVEN NAMES | M Geoffrey |
| FAMILY NAME | Hayes |
| SIGNATURE | HAYES M G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Northwestern University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4617-3981 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 120 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Testing for paternal influences on offspring telomere length in a human cohort in the Philippines
OBJECTIVES: Telomeres, emerging biomarkers of aging, are comprised of DNA repeats located at chromosomal ends that shorten with cellular replication and age in most human tissues. In contrast, spermatocyte telomeres lengthen with age. These changes in telomere length (TL) appear to be heritable, as older paternal ages of conception (PAC) predict longer offspring TL. Mouse-model studies raise questions about the potential for effects of paternal e…
Using Polygenic Scores in Social Science Research: Unraveling Childlessness
Biological, genetic, and socio-demographic factors are all important in explaining reproductive behavior, yet these factors are typically studied in isolation. In this study, we explore an innovative sociogenomic approach, which entails including key socio-demographic (marriage, education, occupation, religion, cohort) and genetic factors related to both behavioral [age at first birth (AFB), number of children ever born (NEB)] and biological fecu…
Early life growth and adult telomere length in a Filipino cohort study
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between early life growth patterns and blood telomere length (TL) in adulthood using conditional measures of lean and fat mass growth to evaluate potentially sensitive periods of early life growth. METHODS: This study included data from 1562 individuals (53% male; age 20-22 years) participating in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, located in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines. Primary expos…
Lifetime socioeconomic status and early life microbial environments predict adult blood telomere length in the Philippines
OBJECTIVES: Psychosocial stress is postulated to hasten senescence in part by accelerating the shortening of telomere length (TL). One pathway through which this may happen is via increasing inflammation and innate immune system activation-a pathway which recent studies suggest acts more strongly for those who grew up in low microbial environments. Thus, we hypothesized that: (1) Psychosocial stress will be inversely associated with TL, (2) early…
Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal function in Filipino young adult males
Androgen receptor polyglutamine repeat length (AR‐CAGn) modulates the effect of testosterone on androgen‐associated somatic traits in Filipino young adult men
Our finding that longer AR-CAGn predicts greater androgen-associated trait expression among high-T men runs counter to in vitro work, but is generally consistent with the few prior studies to evaluate similar interactions in human populations. Collectively, these results raise questions about the applicability of findings derived from in vitro AR-CAGn studies to the receptor's role in maintaining androgen-associated somatic traits in human popula…
Early life infection, but not breastfeeding, predicts adult blood telomere lengths in the P hilippines
OBJECTIVES: Telomeres are repetitive DNA at chromosomes ends that shorten with age due to cellular replication and oxidative stress. As telomeres shorten, this can eventually place limits on cell replication and contribute to senescence. Infections are common during early development and activate cellular immune responses that involve clonal expansion and oxidative stress. As such, a high infectious disease burden might shorten blood telomere len…
Improving qPCR telomere length assays: Controlling for well position effects increases statistical power
OBJECTIVES: Telomere length (TL) is commonly measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Although, easier than the southern blot of terminal restriction fragments (TRF) TL measurement method, one drawback of qPCR is that it introduces greater measurement error and thus reduces the statistical power of analyses. To address a potential source of measurement error, we consider the effect of well position on qPCR TL measurements. METHODS: qPCR TL data fr…
Mitochondrial diversity of I ñupiat people from the A laskan N orth S lope provides evidence for the origins of the Paleo‐ and Neo‐ E skimo peoples
OBJECTIVES: All modern Iñupiaq speakers share a common origin, the result of a recent (∼800 YBP) and rapid trans-Arctic migration by the Neo-Eskimo Thule, who replaced the previous Paleo-Eskimo inhabitants of the region. Reduced mitochondrial haplogroup diversity in the eastern Arctic supports the archaeological hypothesis that the migration occurred in an eastward direction. We tested the hypothesis that the Alaskan North Slope served as the ori…
The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic
Arctic genetics comes in from the cold Despite a well-characterized archaeological record, the genetics of the people who inhabit the Arctic have been unexplored. Raghavan et al. sequenced ancient and modern genomes of individuals from the North American Arctic (see the Perspective by Park). Analyses of these genomes indicate that the Arctic was colonized 6000 years ago by a migration separate from the one that gave rise to other Native American …
Substantial variation in qPCR measured mean blood telomere lengths in young men from eleven European countries
These findings suggest considerable population variation in BTL in Europe that is not obviously a result of broad measures of population structure or infection/economic exposure measured in early life or in adulthood.Studying telomere dynamics in a wider variety of populations, and with greater attention to life-cycle dynamics, will be important to help elucidate the causes and possible consequences of human population variation in telomere lengt…
Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) gene is associated with increased cholesterol levels and heart disease. Population allele frequencies of APOE have previously been shown to vary, with ε4 frequencies generally increasing with latitude. We hypothesize that this trend resulted from natural selection protecting against low‐cholesterol levels. In high‐latitude cold environments and low‐latitude hot environments, metabolic rate is elevate…
Inferring Population Continuity Versus Replacement with aDNA: A Cautionary Tale from the Aleutian Islands
In The Aleutian and Commander Islands and Their Inhabitants (Philadelphia: Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1945), Hrdlička proposed a population replacement event in the Aleutian Islands approximately 1,000 years ago based on a perceived temporal shift in cranial morphology. However, the archaeological record indicates cultural, and presumed population, continuity for more than 4,000 years. We use mtDNA haplogroup data in the series of p…
Hrdlička's Aleutian Population-Replacement Hypothesis: A Radiometric Evaluation
In a 1945 monograph, Hrdlika argued that, at 1,000 BP, PaleoAleut people on Umnak Island were replaced by NeoAleut groups moving west along the island chain. His argument was based on cranial measurements of skeletal remains from Chaluka Midden and mummified remains from Kagamil and Ship Rock burial caves. By the 1980s, researchers had concluded that the transition demonstrated by Hrdlika, from a high oblong to a lowvaulted wide face, was merely …
Sealing, whaling and caribou: The skeletal isotope chemistry of Eastern Arctic foragers
Context of maternal lineages in the greater Southwest
We present mitochondrial haplogroup characterizations of the prehistoric Anasazi of the United States (US) Southwest. These data are part of a long-term project to characterize ancient Great Basin and US Southwest samples for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity. Three restriction site polymorphisms (RSPs) and one length polymorphism identify four common Native American matrilines (A, B, C, and D). The Anasazi (n = 27) are shown to have a moderate…
Ancient DNA Studies in Physical Anthropology
Nucleic acids are preserved in prehistoric samples under a wide range of depositional environments. The development of new molecular methods, especially the polymerase chain reaction, has made possible the recovery and manipulation of these molecules, and the subsequent molecular genetic characterization of the ancient samples. The analysis of ancient (a)DNA is complicated by the degraded nature of ancient nucleic acids, as well as the presence o…
Ancient DNA Studies in Physical Anthropology
Nucleic acids are preserved in prehistoric samples under a wide range of depositional environments. The development of new molecular methods, especially the polymerase chain reaction, has made possible the recovery and manipulation of these molecules, and the subsequent molecular genetic characterization of the ancient samples. The analysis of ancient (a)DNA is complicated by the degraded nature of ancient nucleic acids, as well as the presence o…
Sealing, whaling and caribou: The skeletal isotope chemistry of Eastern Arctic foragers
Hrdlička's Aleutian Population-Replacement Hypothesis: A Radiometric Evaluation
In a 1945 monograph, Hrdlika argued that, at 1,000 BP, PaleoAleut people on Umnak Island were replaced by NeoAleut groups moving west along the island chain. His argument was based on cranial measurements of skeletal remains from Chaluka Midden and mummified remains from Kagamil and Ship Rock burial caves. By the 1980s, researchers had concluded that the transition demonstrated by Hrdlika, from a high oblong to a lowvaulted wide face, was merely …
Inferring Population Continuity Versus Replacement with aDNA: A Cautionary Tale from the Aleutian Islands
In The Aleutian and Commander Islands and Their Inhabitants (Philadelphia: Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1945), Hrdlička proposed a population replacement event in the Aleutian Islands approximately 1,000 years ago based on a perceived temporal shift in cranial morphology. However, the archaeological record indicates cultural, and presumed population, continuity for more than 4,000 years. We use mtDNA haplogroup data in the series of p…
Mitochondrial diversity of I ñupiat people from the A laskan N orth S lope provides evidence for the origins of the Paleo‐ and Neo‐ E skimo peoples
OBJECTIVES: All modern Iñupiaq speakers share a common origin, the result of a recent (∼800 YBP) and rapid trans-Arctic migration by the Neo-Eskimo Thule, who replaced the previous Paleo-Eskimo inhabitants of the region. Reduced mitochondrial haplogroup diversity in the eastern Arctic supports the archaeological hypothesis that the migration occurred in an eastward direction. We tested the hypothesis that the Alaskan North Slope served as the ori…
Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) gene is associated with increased cholesterol levels and heart disease. Population allele frequencies of APOE have previously been shown to vary, with ε4 frequencies generally increasing with latitude. We hypothesize that this trend resulted from natural selection protecting against low‐cholesterol levels. In high‐latitude cold environments and low‐latitude hot environments, metabolic rate is elevate…
Context of maternal lineages in the greater Southwest
We present mitochondrial haplogroup characterizations of the prehistoric Anasazi of the United States (US) Southwest. These data are part of a long-term project to characterize ancient Great Basin and US Southwest samples for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity. Three restriction site polymorphisms (RSPs) and one length polymorphism identify four common Native American matrilines (A, B, C, and D). The Anasazi (n = 27) are shown to have a moderate…
Ancient DNA Studies in Physical Anthropology
Nucleic acids are preserved in prehistoric samples under a wide range of depositional environments. The development of new molecular methods, especially the polymerase chain reaction, has made possible the recovery and manipulation of these molecules, and the subsequent molecular genetic characterization of the ancient samples. The analysis of ancient (a)DNA is complicated by the degraded nature of ancient nucleic acids, as well as the presence o…
Sealing, whaling and caribou: The skeletal isotope chemistry of Eastern Arctic foragers
Hrdlička's Aleutian Population-Replacement Hypothesis: A Radiometric Evaluation
In a 1945 monograph, Hrdlika argued that, at 1,000 BP, PaleoAleut people on Umnak Island were replaced by NeoAleut groups moving west along the island chain. His argument was based on cranial measurements of skeletal remains from Chaluka Midden and mummified remains from Kagamil and Ship Rock burial caves. By the 1980s, researchers had concluded that the transition demonstrated by Hrdlika, from a high oblong to a lowvaulted wide face, was merely …
Inferring Population Continuity Versus Replacement with aDNA: A Cautionary Tale from the Aleutian Islands
In The Aleutian and Commander Islands and Their Inhabitants (Philadelphia: Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1945), Hrdlička proposed a population replacement event in the Aleutian Islands approximately 1,000 years ago based on a perceived temporal shift in cranial morphology. However, the archaeological record indicates cultural, and presumed population, continuity for more than 4,000 years. We use mtDNA haplogroup data in the series of p…
Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) gene is associated with increased cholesterol levels and heart disease. Population allele frequencies of APOE have previously been shown to vary, with ε4 frequencies generally increasing with latitude. We hypothesize that this trend resulted from natural selection protecting against low‐cholesterol levels. In high‐latitude cold environments and low‐latitude hot environments, metabolic rate is elevate…
Substantial variation in qPCR measured mean blood telomere lengths in young men from eleven European countries
These findings suggest considerable population variation in BTL in Europe that is not obviously a result of broad measures of population structure or infection/economic exposure measured in early life or in adulthood.Studying telomere dynamics in a wider variety of populations, and with greater attention to life-cycle dynamics, will be important to help elucidate the causes and possible consequences of human population variation in telomere lengt…
The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic
Arctic genetics comes in from the cold Despite a well-characterized archaeological record, the genetics of the people who inhabit the Arctic have been unexplored. Raghavan et al. sequenced ancient and modern genomes of individuals from the North American Arctic (see the Perspective by Park). Analyses of these genomes indicate that the Arctic was colonized 6000 years ago by a migration separate from the one that gave rise to other Native American …
Improving qPCR telomere length assays: Controlling for well position effects increases statistical power
OBJECTIVES: Telomere length (TL) is commonly measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Although, easier than the southern blot of terminal restriction fragments (TRF) TL measurement method, one drawback of qPCR is that it introduces greater measurement error and thus reduces the statistical power of analyses. To address a potential source of measurement error, we consider the effect of well position on qPCR TL measurements. METHODS: qPCR TL data fr…
Mitochondrial diversity of I ñupiat people from the A laskan N orth S lope provides evidence for the origins of the Paleo‐ and Neo‐ E skimo peoples
OBJECTIVES: All modern Iñupiaq speakers share a common origin, the result of a recent (∼800 YBP) and rapid trans-Arctic migration by the Neo-Eskimo Thule, who replaced the previous Paleo-Eskimo inhabitants of the region. Reduced mitochondrial haplogroup diversity in the eastern Arctic supports the archaeological hypothesis that the migration occurred in an eastward direction. We tested the hypothesis that the Alaskan North Slope served as the ori…
Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal function in Filipino young adult males
Androgen receptor polyglutamine repeat length (AR‐CAGn) modulates the effect of testosterone on androgen‐associated somatic traits in Filipino young adult men
Our finding that longer AR-CAGn predicts greater androgen-associated trait expression among high-T men runs counter to in vitro work, but is generally consistent with the few prior studies to evaluate similar interactions in human populations. Collectively, these results raise questions about the applicability of findings derived from in vitro AR-CAGn studies to the receptor's role in maintaining androgen-associated somatic traits in human popula…
Early life infection, but not breastfeeding, predicts adult blood telomere lengths in the P hilippines
OBJECTIVES: Telomeres are repetitive DNA at chromosomes ends that shorten with age due to cellular replication and oxidative stress. As telomeres shorten, this can eventually place limits on cell replication and contribute to senescence. Infections are common during early development and activate cellular immune responses that involve clonal expansion and oxidative stress. As such, a high infectious disease burden might shorten blood telomere len…
Lifetime socioeconomic status and early life microbial environments predict adult blood telomere length in the Philippines
OBJECTIVES: Psychosocial stress is postulated to hasten senescence in part by accelerating the shortening of telomere length (TL). One pathway through which this may happen is via increasing inflammation and innate immune system activation-a pathway which recent studies suggest acts more strongly for those who grew up in low microbial environments. Thus, we hypothesized that: (1) Psychosocial stress will be inversely associated with TL, (2) early…
Using Polygenic Scores in Social Science Research: Unraveling Childlessness
Biological, genetic, and socio-demographic factors are all important in explaining reproductive behavior, yet these factors are typically studied in isolation. In this study, we explore an innovative sociogenomic approach, which entails including key socio-demographic (marriage, education, occupation, religion, cohort) and genetic factors related to both behavioral [age at first birth (AFB), number of children ever born (NEB)] and biological fecu…
Early life growth and adult telomere length in a Filipino cohort study
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between early life growth patterns and blood telomere length (TL) in adulthood using conditional measures of lean and fat mass growth to evaluate potentially sensitive periods of early life growth. METHODS: This study included data from 1562 individuals (53% male; age 20-22 years) participating in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, located in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines. Primary expos…
Testing for paternal influences on offspring telomere length in a human cohort in the Philippines
OBJECTIVES: Telomeres, emerging biomarkers of aging, are comprised of DNA repeats located at chromosomal ends that shorten with cellular replication and age in most human tissues. In contrast, spermatocyte telomeres lengthen with age. These changes in telomere length (TL) appear to be heritable, as older paternal ages of conception (PAC) predict longer offspring TL. Mouse-model studies raise questions about the potential for effects of paternal e…
Biology (14 works) · Demography (9 works) · Genetics (9 works) · Geography (8 works) · Medicine (8 works) · Population (8 works) · Archaeology (6 works) · Genetics (6 works) · Telomere (6 works) · Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence (6 works)