Richard Gonzalez
Biographic Data
| ID | 84833 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard Gonzalez |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard |
| FAMILY NAME | Gonzalez |
| SIGNATURE | GONZALEZ R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6334-0430 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 46 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 433 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 46 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1966 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Ten feet tall and invincible: How institutional culture shapes flood resilience at two U.S. Army installations
Biobanks in open-access scientific research
Enhancing Dementia Classification for Diverse Demographic Groups: Using Vision Transformer-Based Continuous Scoring of Clock Drawing Tests
Objectives Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias significantly affect older adults’ quality of life. The clock-drawing test (CDT) is a widely used dementia screening tool due to its ease of administration and effectiveness. However, manual CDT-coding in large-scale studies can be time-intensive and prone to coding errors and is typically limited to ordinal responses. In this study, we developed a continuous CDT score using a deep learning neu…
You need to take turns! Sibling sharing and the emergence of conscience in early childhood
Toddlers and older siblings ( M age = 49.34 months) from 145 two-parent, mother-father families (85% European American, 4.9% African American, 3.5 % Asian American, 3.2% Hispanic) participated in a longitudinal investigation when toddlers were 18, 24, and 36 months old. Sibling sharing and the older siblings' management of the interaction was observed in a laboratory-based fishing game, and mothers and fathers reported on both the toddlers' and o…
Detecting Bias in Traffic Searches: Examining False Searches of Innocent Drivers
A Visualization Tool to Study Dyadic Caregiving Health Profiles
The described approach provides a blueprint for studying complex health profiles or trajectories
Implications of Cumulative Life Event Stress for Daily Stress Exposure and Cardiovascular Reactivity Among Black and White Americans
Individuals who experience more life events across the adult life course report greater daily stress exposure which has important implications for daily cardiovascular health. Black individuals with moderate-increasing life event stress show evidence of blunted daily stress reactivity (nonsignificant association between daily stress and heart rate) whereas Black individuals with low-decreasing life event stress show evidence of stress reactivity …
Composition rules in original and cumulative prospect theory
Original and cumulative prospect theory differ in the composition rule used to combine the probability weighting function and the value function. We test the predictive power of these composition rules by performing a novel out-of-sample prediction test. We apply estimates of prospect theory’s weighting and value function obtained from two-outcome cash equivalents, a domain where original and cumulative prospect theory coincide, to three-outcome …
Growth in emotion understanding across early childhood: A cohort-sequential model of firstborn children across the transition to siblinghood
Emotion understanding develops rapidly in early childhood. Firstborn children (N = 231, 55% girls/45% boys, 86% White, 5% Black, 3% Asian, 4% Latinx, Mage = 29.92 months) were recruited into a longitudinal study from 2004 to 2008 in the United States and administered a series of tasks assessing eight components of young children's emotion understanding from ages 1 to 5. Cohort sequential analysis across three cohorts (1-, 2-, and 3-year-olds) dem…
Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Collaboration Among Multiple Caregivers of Older Adults
Results are examined in the context of care network dynamics and proposed mechanisms linking care collaboration to outcomes for caregivers and recipients. Strengths and limitations of our conceptualization and operationalization of collaboration are discussed
Comparison of Common Amplitude Metrics in Event-Related Potential Analysis
Waveform data resulting from time-intensive longitudinal designs require careful treatment. In particular, the statistical properties of summary metrics in this area are crucial. We draw on event-related potential (ERP) studies, a field with a relatively long history of collecting and analyzing such data, to illustrate our points. In particular, three summary measures for a component in the average ERP waveform feature prominently in the literatu…
Don’t touch: Developmental trajectories of toddlers’ behavioral regulation related to older siblings’ behaviors and parental discipline
Behavioral regulation is one of the key developmental skills children acquire during early childhood. Previous research has focused primarily on the role of parents as socializing agents in this process, yet it is likely that older siblings also are influential given the numerous daily interactions between siblings. This exploratory longitudinal study investigated developmental heterogeneity in behavioral regulation during toddlerhood and the ear…
Advancing Research and Measurement on Fathering and Children’s Development
Fathers are more than social accidents. Research has demonstrated that fathers matter to children’s development. Despite noted progress, challenges remain on how best to conceptualize and assess fathering and father–child relationships. The current monograph is the result of an SRCD-sponsored meeting of fatherhood scholars brought together to discuss these challenges and make recommendations for best practices for incorporating fathers in studies…
Diminished Value Discrimination in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Prospect Theory Model of Decision-Making Under Risk
Introduction: It has been hypothesized that people diagnosed with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit behavioral aberrations when faced with the potential for negative outcomes, but the specific cognitive aspects of decision-making that may be altered have not been systematically studied in clinical populations. Here, we studied decision-making in a clinical cohort using a task that allows for examination of the decision weigh…
Increased Loss Aversion in Unmedicated Patients with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients show abnormalities in decision-making and, clinically, appear to show heightened sensitivity to potential negative outcomes. Despite the importance of these cognitive processes in OCD, few studies have examined the disorder within an economic decision-making framework. Here we investigated loss aversion, a key construct in prospect theory that describes the tendency for individuals to be …
Are Manipulation Checks Necessary
Researchers are concerned about whether manipulations have the intended effects. Many journals and reviewers view manipulation checks favorably, and they are widely reported in prestigious journals. However, the prototypical manipulation check is a verbal (rather than behavioral) measure that always appears at the same point in the procedure (rather than its order being varied to assess order effects). Embedding such manipulation checks within an…
Regression Spline Mixed Models for Testing Meaningful Landmarks in Time Series Data
"Regression Spline Mixed Models for Testing Meaningful Landmarks in Time Series Data." Multivariate Behavioral Research, 52(1), p. 116
Gender role beliefs, work–family conflict, and father involvement after the birth of a second child
A major task for parents during the transition to second-time parenthood is to help their firstborn adjust to their new roles as siblings. Increased father involvement has been theorized to be protective for firstborn adjustment. Fathers, however, are under increasing pressure to balance both work and family responsibilities. Here we evaluate fathers' relative involvement in two-child families as a function of family structure, gender role belief…
Redefine statistical significance
Activity Engagement and Activity-Related Experiences: The Role of Personality
Results are discussed in light of the value of including personality in, and its contribution to, studies of activity engagement in later life. In addition, the need to acknowledge the complexity of the concept of activity engagement in future research is highlighted
Successful Aging as the Intersection of Individual Resources, Age, Environment, and Experiences of Well-being in Daily Activities
A cumulative index allows for gradations in resources that can be compensated for by external factors such as person-environment congruence. This index could guide policy and interventions to enhance resources in vulnerable subgroups and diminish inequalities in successful aging outcomes
Experimental Laboratories: Social and Economic
Age Differences in Risk: Perceptions, Intentions and Domains
Although it is commonly assumed that older people are more cautious and risk averse than their younger counterparts, the research on age differences in risk taking is mixed. While some research has found that older adults are less risk seeking, other research has found the opposite or no differences. One explanation is that age differences vary across risk domains. In two studies, we surveyed three adult age groups ranging in age from 18 to 83 on…
Snapshots of Mixtures of Affective Experiences in a Day: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study
Within-group health disparities among Blacks: The effects of Afrocentric features and unfair treatment
Prior research on the impact of Afrocentric features on health has focused primarily on a single feature, skin color. We explored the effects of two other Afrocentric features (lip thickness, nose width) on Blacks' health status and whether unfair treatment mediates any relationship between these features and health. A secondary analysis of a prior study of Black patients' health was conducted. Patients with strong (high lip and high nose ratios)…
Redefine statistical significance
Are Manipulation Checks Necessary
Researchers are concerned about whether manipulations have the intended effects. Many journals and reviewers view manipulation checks favorably, and they are widely reported in prestigious journals. However, the prototypical manipulation check is a verbal (rather than behavioral) measure that always appears at the same point in the procedure (rather than its order being varied to assess order effects). Embedding such manipulation checks within an…
Correlational analysis of dyad-level data in the exchangeable case
The correlational analysis of dyad-level data in the distinguishable case
Many theories of interpersonal relationships distinguish between individual-level processes and dyadic or group-level processes. This suggests that two-person relationships should be studied at the level of the dyad as well as at the level of the individual. We discuss correlational methods for dyads when each dyad contains two different types of individuals (e.g., a husband and wife, a mother and child, or an expert and a novice). In such dyadic…
Racial attitudes, physician-patient talk time ratio, and adherence in racially discordant medical interactions
Culture and Aesthetic Preference: Comparing the Attention to Context of East Asians and Americans
Prior research indicates that East Asians are more sensitive to contextual information than Westerners. This article explored aesthetics to examine whether cultural variations were observable in art and photography. Study 1 analyzed traditional artistic styles using archival data in representative museums. Study 2 investigated how contemporary East Asians and Westerners draw landscape pictures and take portrait photographs. Study 3 further invest…
Gender role beliefs, work–family conflict, and father involvement after the birth of a second child
A major task for parents during the transition to second-time parenthood is to help their firstborn adjust to their new roles as siblings. Increased father involvement has been theorized to be protective for firstborn adjustment. Fathers, however, are under increasing pressure to balance both work and family responsibilities. Here we evaluate fathers' relative involvement in two-child families as a function of family structure, gender role belief…
Aid and Influence: Health-Promoting Exchanges of Older Married Partners
Dyadic exchanges of support and control were investigated in couples in which the husband was recently treated or assessed for heart disease. Each partner in 61 marital dyads ( N = 122 participants) reported the frequency with which both social support and social control to promote a healthy lifestyle were provided to and received from one another. Multivariate findings demonstrated the influence of intrapersonal (or actor) and interpersonal (or …
Age Differences in Risk: Perceptions, Intentions and Domains
Although it is commonly assumed that older people are more cautious and risk averse than their younger counterparts, the research on age differences in risk taking is mixed. While some research has found that older adults are less risk seeking, other research has found the opposite or no differences. One explanation is that age differences vary across risk domains. In two studies, we surveyed three adult age groups ranging in age from 18 to 83 on…
Assessment of genetic testing and related counseling services: Current Research and Future Directions
Within-group health disparities among Blacks: The effects of Afrocentric features and unfair treatment
Prior research on the impact of Afrocentric features on health has focused primarily on a single feature, skin color. We explored the effects of two other Afrocentric features (lip thickness, nose width) on Blacks' health status and whether unfair treatment mediates any relationship between these features and health. A secondary analysis of a prior study of Black patients' health was conducted. Patients with strong (high lip and high nose ratios)…
Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Collaboration Among Multiple Caregivers of Older Adults
Results are examined in the context of care network dynamics and proposed mechanisms linking care collaboration to outcomes for caregivers and recipients. Strengths and limitations of our conceptualization and operationalization of collaboration are discussed
Don’t touch: Developmental trajectories of toddlers’ behavioral regulation related to older siblings’ behaviors and parental discipline
Behavioral regulation is one of the key developmental skills children acquire during early childhood. Previous research has focused primarily on the role of parents as socializing agents in this process, yet it is likely that older siblings also are influential given the numerous daily interactions between siblings. This exploratory longitudinal study investigated developmental heterogeneity in behavioral regulation during toddlerhood and the ear…
Identities in Harmony: Gender—Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing
Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…
Activity Engagement and Activity-Related Experiences: The Role of Personality
Results are discussed in light of the value of including personality in, and its contribution to, studies of activity engagement in later life. In addition, the need to acknowledge the complexity of the concept of activity engagement in future research is highlighted
Successful Aging as the Intersection of Individual Resources, Age, Environment, and Experiences of Well-being in Daily Activities
A cumulative index allows for gradations in resources that can be compensated for by external factors such as person-environment congruence. This index could guide policy and interventions to enhance resources in vulnerable subgroups and diminish inequalities in successful aging outcomes
Snapshots of Mixtures of Affective Experiences in a Day: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study
Identities in Harmony: Gender-Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing
Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…
Enhancing Dementia Classification for Diverse Demographic Groups: Using Vision Transformer-Based Continuous Scoring of Clock Drawing Tests
Objectives Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias significantly affect older adults’ quality of life. The clock-drawing test (CDT) is a widely used dementia screening tool due to its ease of administration and effectiveness. However, manual CDT-coding in large-scale studies can be time-intensive and prone to coding errors and is typically limited to ordinal responses. In this study, we developed a continuous CDT score using a deep learning neu…
You need to take turns! Sibling sharing and the emergence of conscience in early childhood
Toddlers and older siblings ( M age = 49.34 months) from 145 two-parent, mother-father families (85% European American, 4.9% African American, 3.5 % Asian American, 3.2% Hispanic) participated in a longitudinal investigation when toddlers were 18, 24, and 36 months old. Sibling sharing and the older siblings' management of the interaction was observed in a laboratory-based fishing game, and mothers and fathers reported on both the toddlers' and o…
Decision making in real life
Arthur Elstein has been teaching and doing research in medical judgment and decision making for over 30 years. His current research interests include evaluating the effects of instruction in evidence-based medicine, measuring patients' utilities, relations between quality-of-life scales and utility scales, and the effects of decision analysis recommendations on treatment choices for prostate cancer patients
International Enterprise in a Developing Economy. A Study of U. S. Business in Brazil
Response biases in lineups and showups
The showup, or presentation of a single suspect to an eyewitness, is widely believed to be a more biased and suggestive identification procedure than the lineup even though there has been no empirical work on this issue. Results suggest, however, that witnesses at a lineup are less likely to say «not there» than are witnesses at a showup. This tendency is seen in both live and photographic identification procedures, in both laboratory studies and…
Correlational analysis of dyad-level data in the exchangeable case
Curvature of the Probability Weighting Function
When individuals choose among risky alternatives, the psychological weight attached to an outcome may not correspond to the probability of that outcome. In rank-dependent utility theories, including prospect theory, the probability weighting function permits probabilities to be weighted nonlinearly. Previous empirical studies of the weighting function have suggested an inverse S-shaped function, first concave and then convex. However, these studi…
Measuring ordinal association in situations that contain tied scores
The construal of ties is critical for assessing the association between two variables. Ties should be excluded when the investigator's data-collection procedure forces ties to occur (e.g., a J-place rating scale is used to rate K items, with J < K; a criterion variable contains fewer than K possible outcomes per item). Four measures arising from excluding or including ties on 2 ordinal variables are Goodman & Kruskal's G, Somer's dyx, Kim's dyx, …
Measuring ordinal association in situations that contain tied scores
On the Shape of the Probability Weighting Function
Difference score correlations in relationship research: A conceptual primer
The practice of computing correlations between “difference” or “discrepancy” scores and an outcome variable is common in many areas of social science. Relationship researchers most commonly use difference scores to index the (dis)similarity of members of two‐person relationships. Using an intuitive, graphical approach—and avoiding formulas and pointing fingers—we illustrate problems with using difference score correlations in relationship researc…
Differential weighting in choice versus advice: I’ll do this, you do that
We propose that when individuals make a decision for themselves they weight attributes more uniformly compared to when they give advice. In Study 1, 138 participants were given a hypothetical choice between two jobs varying on two dimensions and asked either to choose for themselves, offer advice to a best friend, or offer advice to an acquaintance. We hypothesized that respondents offering advice would favor the option with the higher value on t…
The correlational analysis of dyad-level data in the distinguishable case
Many theories of interpersonal relationships distinguish between individual-level processes and dyadic or group-level processes. This suggests that two-person relationships should be studied at the level of the dyad as well as at the level of the individual. We discuss correlational methods for dyads when each dyad contains two different types of individuals (e.g., a husband and wife, a mother and child, or an expert and a novice). In such dyadic…
Decision making in real life
Arthur Elstein has been teaching and doing research in medical judgment and decision making for over 30 years. His current research interests include evaluating the effects of instruction in evidence-based medicine, measuring patients' utilities, relations between quality-of-life scales and utility scales, and the effects of decision analysis recommendations on treatment choices for prostate cancer patients
Modeling the Personality of Dyads and Groups
The paper presents a methodological approach for assessing the personality of a dyad or a group, a concept that is not equivalent to the sum, or mean, of the individual scores. We illustrate how the logic of the multitrait multimethod approach, which is a familiar technique for establishing construct validity, can be extended to assess the construct of a relationship “personality.” The model, which we call the latent group model, provides a decom…
Rumination Reconsidered: A Psychometric Analysis
Assessment of genetic testing and related counseling services: Current Research and Future Directions
Aid and Influence: Health-Promoting Exchanges of Older Married Partners
Dyadic exchanges of support and control were investigated in couples in which the husband was recently treated or assessed for heart disease. Each partner in 61 marital dyads ( N = 122 participants) reported the frequency with which both social support and social control to promote a healthy lifestyle were provided to and received from one another. Multivariate findings demonstrated the influence of intrapersonal (or actor) and interpersonal (or …
Culture and Aesthetic Preference: Comparing the Attention to Context of East Asians and Americans
Prior research indicates that East Asians are more sensitive to contextual information than Westerners. This article explored aesthetics to examine whether cultural variations were observable in art and photography. Study 1 analyzed traditional artistic styles using archival data in representative museums. Study 2 investigated how contemporary East Asians and Westerners draw landscape pictures and take portrait photographs. Study 3 further invest…
Identities in Harmony: Gender—Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing
Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…
Identities in Harmony: Gender-Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing
Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…
Cultural differences are not always reducible to individual differences
We show that differences in social orientation and in cognition that exist between cultures and social classes do not necessarily have counterparts in individual differences within those groups. Evidence comes from a large-scale study conducted with 10 measures of independent vs. interdependent social orientation and 10 measures of analytic vs. holistic cognitive style. The social measures successfully distinguish between interdependence (viewing…
The Value of Brain Imaging in Psychological Research: The Value of Brain Imaging in Psychological Research
摘要: 现在普遍使用的脑成像技术给心理学研究增加了新的数据和资料。和任何新的方法一样,我们需要决定如何以适当的方式应用这项技术。这项技术如何以现有的方法所不能的方式帮助回答理论问题?这项技术最好是作为因变量还是作为预测变量来使用?它如何与其它感兴趣的心理变量相关?这种新的成像技术有助于我们了解大脑的运作及其与心理学的关系。研究人员需要弄清楚如何利用这项技术提供的信息加深对心理现象的理解
Within-group health disparities among Blacks: The effects of Afrocentric features and unfair treatment
Prior research on the impact of Afrocentric features on health has focused primarily on a single feature, skin color. We explored the effects of two other Afrocentric features (lip thickness, nose width) on Blacks' health status and whether unfair treatment mediates any relationship between these features and health. A secondary analysis of a prior study of Black patients' health was conducted. Patients with strong (high lip and high nose ratios)…
Racial attitudes, physician-patient talk time ratio, and adherence in racially discordant medical interactions
Snapshots of Mixtures of Affective Experiences in a Day: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study
Experimental Laboratories: Social and Economic
Age Differences in Risk: Perceptions, Intentions and Domains
Although it is commonly assumed that older people are more cautious and risk averse than their younger counterparts, the research on age differences in risk taking is mixed. While some research has found that older adults are less risk seeking, other research has found the opposite or no differences. One explanation is that age differences vary across risk domains. In two studies, we surveyed three adult age groups ranging in age from 18 to 83 on…
Psychology (34 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Mathematics (16 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Statistics (14 works) · Medicine (13 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Developmental psychology (11 works) · Econometrics (8 works) · Clinical Psychology (7 works)