G Barker
Biographic Data
| ID | 8585 |
|---|---|
| NAME | G Barker |
| GIVEN NAMES | G |
| FAMILY NAME | Barker |
| SIGNATURE | BARKER G |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2678-4283 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 121 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 747 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 121 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Seasonality from Mg/Ca Ratios of Prehistoric Shellfish Exploitation ( Patella caerulea Linnaeus, 1758) at the Haua Fteah (Libya, North Africa)
Mollusc shells, commonly preserved in archaeological records worldwide, capture high-resolution, sub-annual environmental information at local scales through the incorporation of chemical elements during their formation. These geochemical signals can be used to infer the season of shellfish collection by past human populations. This study presents new seasonal data derived from magnesium-to-calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios in Patella caerulea Linnaeus, 175…
Conservation of the Shanidar Z Neanderthal
Conservation of fragile and fragmented archaeological remains can be essential to their preservation and study. Here, the authors use the example of the approximately 75 000-year-old Shanidar Z Neanderthal to illustrate the importance of appropriate conservation from excavation to the laboratory, and of the detailed documentation of this process, for enabling anatomical and taphonomic research
A first report on the conservation of the Shanidar A Neanderthal
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Excavating the archives: New perspectives on the Shanidar Cave Neanderthals
En 1960, un remarquable assemblage d'ossements de quatre Néandertaliens (appelés Shanidar 4, 6, 8 et 9) fut découvert dans la grotte de Shanidar, au Kurdistan irakien. Cependant, leur fragilité et leur extraction en bloc ont engendré une perte d'information concernant les positions relatives des squelettes et la chronologie de leur dépôt. Ralph Solecki, qui a dirigé les fouilles, a décrit d'autres restes humains laissés dans le mur est adjacent à…
Approaches to the Etruscan Landscape: The Development of the Tuscania Survey
The great cemeteries or necropolises adjacent to the major Etruscan cities such as Cerveteri and Tarquinia are the most visible relics of this civilization. Etruscan specialists are increasingly recognizing that understanding the countryside is fundamental to any study of the development of Etruscan urbanism and city state territories and of the functioning of the Etruscan socioeconomic system. One of the most effective ways by which the people c…
Shanidar et ses fleurs? Reflections on the palynology of the Neanderthal ‘Flower Burial’ hypothesis
Pollen clumps associated with the skeleton of the Shanidar 4 Neanderthal were interpreted by the excavator as evidence for a purposeful burial with flowers. This was one of several findings from Shanidar Cave that helped to shape modern perceptions of Neanderthals as sharing empathic characteristics with Middle Palaeolithic Homo sapiens (modern humans). Here the available evidence is reviewed critically from a palynological viewpoint. It seems li…
Cooking in caves: Palaeolithic carbonised plant food remains from Franchthi and Shanidar
Research on Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer diet has focused on the consumption of animals. Evidence for the use of plant foods is comparatively limited but is rapidly expanding. The authors present an analysis of carbonised macro-remains of processed plants from Franchthi Cave in the Aegean Basin and Shanidar Cave in the north-west Zagros Mountains. Microscopic examination of the charred food remains reveals the use of pounded pulses as a common in…
Living with risk in drylands: Archaeological perspectives
This paper reflects on the themes illustrated in the 11 case studies on the archaeology of drylands. The papers emphasise the diversity of dryland forms, and of the landscapes within them, the implications of this diversity for the societies living in them, and the need to integrate palaeoenvironmental and archaeological approaches in their study. These studies recognise that how past dryland societies recognised risks and opportunities in drylan…
The Microvertebrates of Shanidar Cave: Preliminary Taphonomic Findings
Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan, is one of the most important Palaeolithic sites in Southwest Asia. This is due to the long sequence of hominin occupation of the cave and the discovery of multiple Neanderthal individuals from the original Solecki excavations (1951–1960) and recent excavations (2014 to present). Preliminary taphonomic analyses of the microvertebrate assemblage were undertaken to understand the factors affecting assemblage formation…
Bulls for sacrifice, cows for work? Morphometric models suggest that female cattle were used for traction in the Chinese Bronze Age Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1300–1046 BCE)
Training animals to pull agricultural equipment and wheeled transport significantly shaped and advanced human economic systems. In this context the use of large domestic animals such as cattle was a milestone event in human history, part of what Sherratt memorably termed the Secondary Products Revolution: the use of the products of live animals such as milk, wool and traction power. It is commonly assumed that male cattle were generally preferred…
Haua Fteah Cave
Niah Caves: Role in Human Evolution
Royaume-Uni
Networks The UK has some 40 Archaeology departments (the names may vary) in its Universities, most of whom conduct archaeological fieldwork both within the UK and abroad. The major national museums also conduct archaeological fieldwork abroad. Most well-founded Archaeology departments have staff who teach and research across the major periods of the past and also archaeological scientists. There is no equivalent to France’s research-only CNRS or …
Issues of theory and method in the analysis of Paleolithic mortuary behavior: A view from Shanidar Cave
Mortuary behavior (activities concerning dead conspecifics) is one of many traits that were previously widely considered to have been uniquely human, but on which perspectives have changed markedly in recent years. Theoretical approaches to hominin mortuary activity and its evolution have undergone major revision, and advances in diverse archeological and paleoanthropological methods have brought new ways of identifying behaviors such as intentio…
Morphological and metric criteria for identifying postcranial skeletal remains of modern and archaeological Caprinae and Antilopinae in the northeast Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas
Osseous remains of medium-sized Caprinae and Antilopinae are often found in late Quaternary archaeological sites in the northeast Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas, but their accurate taxonomic identification poses considerable problems to zooarchaeologists. Building on previous osteomorphological studies and a statistically significant number of modern comparatives, this study presents diagnostic morphological features and metric data of select…
New Neanderthal remains associated with the 'flower burial' at Shanidar Cave
Libyan landscapes in history and prehistory
As a contribution to the Society for Libyan Studies’ 50th anniversary, the paper discusses three projects in which the author has been involved, with a focus on their different contributions to our understanding of Libya's landscape prehistory and history. The deep stratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave in three projects are described in chronological order, but they contribute in reverse order to our understanding of how Libyans have changed and be…
Sediment micromorphology and site formation processes during the Middle to Later Stone Ages at the Haua Fteah Cave, Cyrenaica, Libya
Understanding the timing, conditions, and characteristics of the Middle to Later Stone Age (MSA/LSA) transition in North Africa is critical for debates regarding the evolution and past population dynamics of Homo sapiens , especially their dispersals within, out of, and back into, Africa. As with many cultural transitions during the Palaeolithic, our understanding is based predominantly on archaeological and paleoenvironmental records preserved w…
Use of grass seed resources c.31 ka by modern humans at the Haua Fteah cave, northeast Libya
Pathological evidence reveals cattle traction in North China by the early second millennium BC
The use of cattle labour in antiquity is a worldwide well-discussed topic among researchers as it can shed light on the possible development trajectories of our communities over the past several millennia. Zooarchaeology can play a vital role in illuminating the history of cattle traction through observed pathologies on cattle bones linked to traction activity. Systemic zooarchaeological investigation is still underdeveloped in China, one of the …
Mollusk carbonate thermal behaviour and its implications in understanding prehistoric fire events in shell middens
The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya) — Optical dating of early human occupation during Marine Isotope Stages 4, 5 and 6
The ‘cultured rainforests’ of Borneo
An incised shell object from Baradostian (Early Upper Palaeolithic) layers in Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan
Newly discovered Neanderthal remains from Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan, and their attribution to Shanidar 5
The 'human revolution' in lowland tropical Southeast Asia: The antiquity and behavior of anatomically modern humans at Niah Cave (Sarawak, Borneo)
Advances in world archaeology
New Neanderthal remains associated with the 'flower burial' at Shanidar Cave
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey 1980
Two seasons of work have now been conducted by British and French survey teams, in conjunction with members of the Libyan Antiquities Department, under the charge of Dr. Abdullah Shaiboub. The objectives of the survey are to locate, survey and analyse the extensive remains of the ancient agricultural settlements that can be found in the wadis of the hinterlands of Tripolitania and the Sirtica. Within the framework established by the Department in…
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey 1979–1981: Palaeoeconomy and Environmental Archaeology in the Pre-Desert
Three seasons of intensive survey in the central Tripolitanian pre-desert, primarily in the regions of the Wadis Sofeggin and Zem Zem, have provided a new basis for the study of pre-desert cultures. Not only have hundreds of new sites been discovered, but the combination of environmental and geomorphological studies with archaeological survey is now providing important information about the underlying mechanisms which supported them. An increasin…
The Archaeology of Foraging and Farming at Niah Cave, Sarawak
This paper reports on the principal archaeological results of a renewed program of fieldwork in the Niah Caves (Sarawak) by an interdisciplinary team of archaeologists and environmental scientists. The paper focuses on two main themes: (1) the evidence for the changing nature of the human use of the cave and the implications of this evidence for wider debates in Southeast Asia regarding the foraging behaviors of the modern human populations who c…
The Cyrenaican Prehistory Project 2010: The fourth season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave and its landscape, and further results from the 2007–2009 fieldwork
The paper reports on the fourth (2010) season of fieldwork of the Cyrenaican Prehistory Project, and on further results of analyses of artefacts and organic materials collected in the 2009 season. Ground-based LiDar has provided both an accurate 3D scan of the Haua Fteah cave and information on the cave's morphometry or origins. The excavations in the cave focussed on Middle Palaeolithic or Middle Stone Age ‘Pre-Aurignacian’ layers below the base…
Prehistoric Foragers and Farmers in South-east Asia: Renewed Investigations at Niah Cave, Sarawak
The paper describes the initial results from renewed investigations at Niah Cave in Sarawak on the island of Borneo, famous for the discovery in 1958 of the c. 40,000–year old ‘Deep Skull’. The archaeological sequences from the West Mouth and the other entrances of the cave complex investigated by Tom and Barbara Harrisson and other researchers have potential implications for three major debates regarding the prehistory of south-east Asia: the ti…
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey VI: Investigations of a Romano-Libyan farm, Part I
A fourth season of work was carried out in the Spring of 1984. The centrepiece of the programme was the investigation of the well-preserved farm in the Wadi el-Amud (Lamout). The main farm buildings were excavated, faunal and botanical samples were collected systematically from within and between them, the field systems and sluices were examined in detail and investigations begun on the geomorphological and hydrological context. This report prese…
The archaeology of Samnite settlement in Molise
The province (or regione) of Molise is roughly the size of Lincolnshire or Devon, and stretches from the Apennine mountains to the Adriatic coast (FIG. I). In the Roman period Molise was occupied by the Samnite peoples and by related tribes such as the Frentani (Salmon, 1967, 25, map I). The historical tradition describes the Samnites as a rustic and warlike people, whom the Romans subdued only after the long series of savage wars in the last thr…
The Cyrenaican Prehistory Project 2008: The second season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave and its landscape, and further results from the initial (2007) fieldwork
The second (2008) season of fieldwork of the Cyrenaican Prehistory Project has significantly advanced understanding of the Haua Fteah stratigraphy and of the archaeology and geomorphology of the landscape in which the cave is located. The excavations of the McBurney backfill have reached a total depth of 7.5 m below the present ground surface, the depth at which two human mandibles were found in the 1950s excavations. Reconnaissance at the Hagfet…
Cooking in caves: Palaeolithic carbonised plant food remains from Franchthi and Shanidar
Research on Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer diet has focused on the consumption of animals. Evidence for the use of plant foods is comparatively limited but is rapidly expanding. The authors present an analysis of carbonised macro-remains of processed plants from Franchthi Cave in the Aegean Basin and Shanidar Cave in the north-west Zagros Mountains. Microscopic examination of the charred food remains reveals the use of pounded pulses as a common in…
A tale of two deserts: Contrasting desertification histories on Rome's desert frontiers
Understanding 'desertification', the ecological deterioration of arid lands into semi-deserts and deserts, is critical for the future well-being of the fifth of the world's population who inhabit drylands today. Many dryland regions now sparsely occupied by mobile or semi-mobile pastoralists have archaeological remains indicative of much more intensive systems of settlement and land use in the past, so archaeology has frequently been brought into…
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey VII: An Interim Classification and Functional Analysis of Ancient Wall Technology and Land Use
Interpretations of ancient wall-technologies in the Libyan pre-desert are briefly reviewed. The forms, patterns, distributions and geological/geomorphic/hydrologic relationships of walls in a series of study areas are described and interpreted with the aid of a new, non-genetic, ‘wall-technology’ classification. The remarkable hydrological and geomorphic insights of their constructors are clear. Several wall types are shown to have been primarily…
Newly discovered Neanderthal remains from Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan, and their attribution to Shanidar 5
The Cyrenaican Prehistory Project 2009: The third season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave and its landscape, and further results from the 2007–2008 fieldwork
The paper reports on the third (2009) season of fieldwork of the Cyrenaican Prehistory Project, and on further results from the analysis of materials collected in the previous (2007 and 2008) fieldwork. Sediments in a 14 m-deep core drilled beside the McBurney trench provide an invaluable overview of the overall stratigraphic sequence, including at depths reached by the 1950s Deep Sounding but not yet investigated by the present project. Sampling…
The Establishment of Agrarian Communities on the North European Plain [and Comments and Reply]
Libyan Valleys Survey
This project began in 1979. Its objectives are to locate, survey and analyse the extensive remains of ancient agricultural settlement that can be found in the wadis of the hinterlands of Tripolitania, Sirtica and Cyrenaica. Within this framework, established by the Department of Antiquities of the Libyan Arab Republic and UNESCO, is the archaeological aim of recording the evidence for periods when extensive areas of the pre-desert were, for whate…
Foraging–Farming Transitions in Island Southeast Asia
Site formation processes in caves: The Holocene sediments of the Haua Fteah, Cyrenaica, Libya
Ulvs Xiii: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Ancient Farming in the Wadi Mansur, Tripolitania
This article describes the interdisciplinary methods developed by the UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey in connection with the study of ancient agriculture. These methods combine the techniques of settlement archaeology with those of the earth sciences and palaeoeconomics. The interactive nature of the enquiry does not resolve all the questions, but it can help to re-shape those questions and suggest new lines of enquiry. The example of the Wadi Mansu…
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey IV: The 1981 Season
The final season of the three-year programme to survey the central Tripolitanian pre-desert examined the region to the west of the regions of the Wadis Sofeggin and Zem Zem, casting important light on the route between the interior of Libya and the coast during the prehistoric and Roman periods. In particular, a detailed account is given of the archaeological sites of the Bir Scedua Basin and of the Severan fort at Gheriat el-Garbia
Early Neolithic Land Use in Yugoslavia
Ever since the publication of Gordon Childe's Danube in Prehistory , almost fifty years ago, the first neolithic colonisation of temperate Europe through the Balkans has been one of the cornerstones of European prehistory. There is still a consensus of opinion in most of the recent literature on the general character of this process: that it involved the transmission of farming techniques and probably the movement of groups of peoples—the first f…
Pathological evidence reveals cattle traction in North China by the early second millennium BC
The use of cattle labour in antiquity is a worldwide well-discussed topic among researchers as it can shed light on the possible development trajectories of our communities over the past several millennia. Zooarchaeology can play a vital role in illuminating the history of cattle traction through observed pathologies on cattle bones linked to traction activity. Systemic zooarchaeological investigation is still underdeveloped in China, one of the …
The Cyrenaican Prehistory Project 2012: The fifth season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave
The paper reports on the fifth (2012) season of fieldwork of the Cyrenaican Prehistory Project. The primary focus of the season was the continuation of the excavation of the prehistoric occupation layers in the Haua Fteah cave. A small trench (Trench U) was cut into Holocene (Neolithic) sediments exposed on the south wall of Charles McBurney's Upper Trench. Below this, the excavation of Trench M was continued, on the southern side of McBurney's M…
The conditions of cultural and economic growth in the Bronze Age of central Italy
With one notable exception, the study of Italian prehistory has developed with little emphasis on the economic interpretation of cultures. The exception has been the so-called ‘Apennine’ Bronze Age of central and southern Italy, which has commonly been defined as a cultural phenomenon involving an economy of pastoralism and large-scale stock-keeping. In 1959 Professor S. M. Puglisi published his major examination of the Apennine Bronze Age, which…
The Economy of Medieval Tuscania: The Archaeological Evidence
A large sample of animal bones and shells was recovered from the excavations of medieval deposits carried out in the centre of Tuscania in 1971 and 1972. The main part of the sample came from a series of pits or pozzi filled with domestic refuse. The six pozzi discussed in this report, designated Pits P1, P2, P3, P4, M4 and M20, span the greater part of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Table 1 gives the basic analysis of the sa…
Early Neolithic Land Use in Yugoslavia
Ever since the publication of Gordon Childe's Danube in Prehistory , almost fifty years ago, the first neolithic colonisation of temperate Europe through the Balkans has been one of the cornerstones of European prehistory. There is still a consensus of opinion in most of the recent literature on the general character of this process: that it involved the transmission of farming techniques and probably the movement of groups of peoples—the first f…
To sieve or not to sieve
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Morphological change and neolithic economies: An example from central Italy
An Apennine Bronze Age Settlement at Petrella, Molise
In 1974 I began a survey and excavation project in the province (or Regione ) of Molise, southern Italy. Until 1974, comparatively little research had been carried out on the prehistoric archaeology of this province compared with the rest of Italy, but the 1974 survey produced abundant evidence (over four hundred sites) for early settlement, from the Middle Palaeolithic until the Italic or Samnite Iron Age (Barker, 1976a). The survey concentrated…
The Ritual Estate and Aboriginal Polity
The archaeology of Samnite settlement in Molise
The province (or regione) of Molise is roughly the size of Lincolnshire or Devon, and stretches from the Apennine mountains to the Adriatic coast (FIG. I). In the Roman period Molise was occupied by the Samnite peoples and by related tribes such as the Frentani (Salmon, 1967, 25, map I). The historical tradition describes the Samnites as a rustic and warlike people, whom the Romans subdued only after the long series of savage wars in the last thr…
Causewayed Camps and Early Neolithic Economies in Central Southern England
This paper is a study of the location of several causewayed camps in central southern England. We first discuss their contemporary environment, the cultivation technology of the early neolithic farmers, and the implications of this technology for land use. We conclude from soil studies that all except one of the sites examined were in pastoral situations, although the seasonality of the pasture varied between the sites. On the basis of the locati…
A Classical Landscape in Molise
UN PAESAGGIO CLASSICO IN MOLISE La relazione discute sui modelli di sistemazione classica scoperti da recenti ed intensivi studi nella Valle Biferno nel Molise. Questo lavoro è parte di un'indagine pluriennale della sistemazione storica della valle, effettuato da archeologi storici e studiosi di scienze naturali. Due zone della valle inferiore sono illustrati come i nostri esempi (Fig. 2 e 3). In entrambe le zone un primo esempio di numerose picc…
Economic Models for the Manekweni Zimbabwe, Mozambique
Analysis of faunal remains from the Manekweni Zimbabwe in southern Mozambique indicates that the animal economy of the site's inhabitants was dominated by cattle-keeping. Cattle remains were particularly associated with the central enclosure: in peripheral areas of the site small stock and wild animals were more frequently represented. Discussion is presented of the implications of these discoveries both for the sociopolitical organization of the…
Libyan Valleys Survey
This project began in 1979. Its objectives are to locate, survey and analyse the extensive remains of ancient agricultural settlement that can be found in the wadis of the hinterlands of Tripolitania, Sirtica and Cyrenaica. Within this framework, established by the Department of Antiquities of the Libyan Arab Republic and UNESCO, is the archaeological aim of recording the evidence for periods when extensive areas of the pre-desert were, for whate…
Excavations at D85 (Santa Maria in Cività): An Early Medieval Hilltop Settlement in Molise
Between 1974 and 1978 the settlement archaeology of the Biferno valley in Molise in southern Italy was investigated by a programme of field survey, excavation and allied archaeological research directed by one of us (GB) and termed the Molise Project. For the historic periods the archaeology has been combined with documentary studies; both have then been integrated with geomorphological research into the environmental history of the valley, formi…
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey 1980
Two seasons of work have now been conducted by British and French survey teams, in conjunction with members of the Libyan Antiquities Department, under the charge of Dr. Abdullah Shaiboub. The objectives of the survey are to locate, survey and analyse the extensive remains of the ancient agricultural settlements that can be found in the wadis of the hinterlands of Tripolitania and the Sirtica. Within the framework established by the Department in…
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey 1979–1981: Palaeoeconomy and Environmental Archaeology in the Pre-Desert
Three seasons of intensive survey in the central Tripolitanian pre-desert, primarily in the regions of the Wadis Sofeggin and Zem Zem, have provided a new basis for the study of pre-desert cultures. Not only have hundreds of new sites been discovered, but the combination of environmental and geomorphological studies with archaeological survey is now providing important information about the underlying mechanisms which supported them. An increasin…
The Schola Praeconum I: The Coins, Pottery, Lamps and Fauna
LA SCHOLA PRAECONUM I La cosiddetta Schola Praeconum si trova nella parte nord-ovest del Palatino sovrastante il Circo Massimo. Un sondaggio, effettuato nel 1978, rivelò un massiccio riempimento databile, sulla base delle 38 monete identificate, al secondo quarto del V secolo d.C., forse tra il 430 e il 440 circa. Il riempimento conteneva un'enorme quantità di ceramiche—terra sigillata chiara, lucerne (per la maggior parte di produzione locale), …
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey IV: The 1981 Season
The final season of the three-year programme to survey the central Tripolitanian pre-desert examined the region to the west of the regions of the Wadis Sofeggin and Zem Zem, casting important light on the route between the interior of Libya and the coast during the prehistoric and Roman periods. In particular, a detailed account is given of the archaeological sites of the Bir Scedua Basin and of the Severan fort at Gheriat el-Garbia
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey V: Sedimentological Properties of Holocene Wadi Floor and Plateau Deposits in Tripolitania, North-West Libya
The sedimentological properties of samples collected from exposures in wadi floors are reported. These studies emphasise the natural variability of erosional and depositional processes in this environment. Some of the sedimentological changes observed appear to be of archaeological significance. They indicate that in the recent geological past, either increased flooding occurring as a result of natural environmental fluctuations, or irrigation pr…
Advances in world archaeology
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey VI: Investigations of a Romano-Libyan farm, Part I
A fourth season of work was carried out in the Spring of 1984. The centrepiece of the programme was the investigation of the well-preserved farm in the Wadi el-Amud (Lamout). The main farm buildings were excavated, faunal and botanical samples were collected systematically from within and between them, the field systems and sluices were examined in detail and investigations begun on the geomorphological and hydrological context. This report prese…
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey VII: An Interim Classification and Functional Analysis of Ancient Wall Technology and Land Use
Interpretations of ancient wall-technologies in the Libyan pre-desert are briefly reviewed. The forms, patterns, distributions and geological/geomorphic/hydrologic relationships of walls in a series of study areas are described and interpreted with the aid of a new, non-genetic, ‘wall-technology’ classification. The remarkable hydrological and geomorphic insights of their constructors are clear. Several wall types are shown to have been primarily…
The Unesco Libyan Valleys Survey VIII: Image Analysis of Landsat Satellite data for Archaeological and Environmental Surveys
Digital image data from the Landsat satellite Multispectral scanner have been analysed using a Dipex Image Processor. The image data were classified by a clustering algorithm to produce a thematic map for trial use in areas of archaeological interest. The archaeological, pedological, geomorphic and geological importance of these new data are discussed in the context of ground data obtained during the UNESCO April 1984 field season
Ulvs Xvi: Prehistoric Rock Carvings in the Tripolitanian Pre-desert
This paper discusses three groups of rock art in their local, Tripolitanian, context and in terms of their wider relationship with the known corpus of Saharan prehistoric art. The rock carvings at Maia Dib, Udei el Chel/Caf el-Metchia and el-Tolga are described and some preliminary thoughts advanced as to their date and significance. Some suggestions are also made regarding the possible relationship between these carvings and the climatic and env…
Ulvs Xiii: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Ancient Farming in the Wadi Mansur, Tripolitania
This article describes the interdisciplinary methods developed by the UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey in connection with the study of ancient agriculture. These methods combine the techniques of settlement archaeology with those of the earth sciences and palaeoeconomics. The interactive nature of the enquiry does not resolve all the questions, but it can help to re-shape those questions and suggest new lines of enquiry. The example of the Wadi Mansu…
The Establishment of Agrarian Communities on the North European Plain [and Comments and Reply]
Archaeology (98 works) · Geography (96 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (54 works) · History (45 works) · Cave (37 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (36 works) · Geology (35 works) · History (33 works) · Prehistory (32 works) · Paleontology (31 works)