Theodore N Greenstein
Biographic Data
| ID | 85911 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Theodore N Greenstein |
| GIVEN NAMES | Theodore N |
| FAMILY NAME | Greenstein |
| SIGNATURE | GREENSTEIN T N |
| AFFILIATIONS | North Carolina State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1335 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1974 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Households and work in their economic contexts: State-level variations in gendered housework performance before, during, and after the great recession
Women remain largely responsible for the management and performance of domestic labor despite many shifts in both women’s and men’s economic activities. The Great Recession changed the economic landscape in the United States in important ways, affecting men’s economic experiences substantially. Some states were affected less by the recession, thereby providing households a buffer against its harmful effects. Understanding the social and economic …
Why Study Housework? Cleaning as a Window Into Power in Couples
Given the volume of research on the division of household labor, this article queries the purpose of continuing to study a phenomenon when the empirical results are remarkably consistent. This introductory article to the special issue asking,“Why study housework?” proffers one possible answer: Studying housework provides insight into the power and equity in intimate relationships. We document how power as a characteristic of social relations, rat…
National Context, Family Satisfaction, and Fairness in the Division of Household Labor
This study uses data from married women in 30 nations to examine justice processes involving perceptions of fairness of the division of household labor and satisfaction with family life. Relative deprivation theory suggests that national context—operationalized here as nation‐level gender equity—might serve as a comparative referent used by married women when making determinations of the fairness of the division of household labor. Multilevel ana…
Gender Ideology: Components, Predictors, and Consequences
The purpose of this article is to review research on the construction of gender ideology and its consequences. The article begins with a summary of research focused on measuring gender ideology-individuals' levels of support for a division of paid work and family responsibilities that is based on the belief in gendered separate spheres. We describe the ways this concept has been operationalized in widely available data sources and provide a categ…
Effects of Union Type on Division of Household Labor: Do Cohabiting Men Really Perform More Housework
Using data from 17,636 respondents in 28 nations, this research uses multilevel modeling to compare the reported division of household labor and factors affecting it for currently married and currently cohabiting couples. Cohabiting men report performing more household labor than do married men, and cohabiting women report performing less household labor than do married women. The findings provide support for the time-availability, relative-resou…
Methods of Family Research
For Women, Breadwinning Can Be Dangerous: Gendered Resource Theory and Wife Abuse
To explain wife abuse, we offer a refinement of relative resource theory, gendered resource theory, which argues that the effect of relative resources is contingent upon husbands' gender ideologies. We use data from the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households (N =4,296) to test three theories of wife abuse. Resource theory receives no support. Relative resource theory receives limited support. Gendered resource theory receive…
Cross‐national variations in the division of household labor
Using data from the International Social Justice Project, we describe the division of household labor in married couple households using a sample of 13 nations ( N = 10,153). We find significant differences in the division of household labor based upon respondents’ nations of residence. We find support for the time availability approach; households where the wife is employed outside the home for pay are more likely to respond that husbands perfor…
Interactive Effects of Gender Ideology and Age at First Marriage on Women's Marital Disruption
A sample of ever-married women from the NLSY79 is analyzed to examine the effects of age at first marriage and gender ideology on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption. The authors hypothesize that age at first marriage will have no effect on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption for non-traditional women, but that there will be a strong negative effect for traditional women. The authors use the log-rate model for piecewis…
Research in the Sociology of Work, Vol. 7: Work and Family
Economic Dependence, Gender, and the Division of Labor in the Home: A Replication and Extension
The fundamental question in the study of the gendered division of household labor has come to be why, in the face of dramatic changes in women's employment and earnings, housework remains "women's work." As a possible answer to this question, Brines (1994) presented a provocative conceptual model of the relationship between economic dependence and the performance of housework by wives and husbands. She concluded that the link between economic dep…
Husbands' Participation in Domestic Labor: Interactive Effects of Wives' and Husbands' Gender Ideologies
The literature suggests that gender ideology-how a person identifies herself or himself in terms of marital and family roles traditionally linked to gender-is related to the division of labor in the home. In this article I assert that it is not sufficient to merely examine the main effects of wives' and husbands' gender ideologies. Rather, it is essential to consider the interaction between the ideologies of wives and their husbands in order to u…
Gender Ideology and Perceptions of the Fairness of the Division of Household Labor: Effects on Marital Quality
Gender Ideology, Marital Disruption, and the Employment of Married Women
After peaking around 1980, period rates of divorce seem to have stabilized in the United States. Nonetheless, there is still a great deal of theoretical and empirical interest in the determinants of marital instability. Conventional wisdom has long linked marital instability to the employment of married women, but the empirical findings in this literature are far from unequivocal. One of the more consistent findings is the of wife's employment: N…
Are the 'Most Advantaged' Children Truly Disadvantaged by Early Maternal Employment: Effects on Child Cognitive Outcomes
This research examines the effects of early maternal employment on the cognitive ability of 2,040 4- to 6-year-old children drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Some scholars have hypothesized that it is the 'most advantaged' of society's children who are disadvantaged or negatively affected by early maternal employment. If this hypothesis is true, the findings should be that advantages such as high levels of cognitive stimulatio…
Maternal Employment and Child Behavioral Outcomes: A Household Economics Analysis
This research employs the household economics approach to study the effects of maternal employment and substitute child care on the social behavior of a national sample of 4- and 5-year-old children. Mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey's youth cohort were asked to rate their child's social behavior using items from the Behavioral Problems Index. The household economics approach predicts that behavioral outcomes for children of employed …
Marital Disruption and the Employment of Married Women
This study examines the simultaneous effects of multiple indicators of wifes employment on marital disruption for a US national probability sample of women who 1st married between 1968-1982. Based on a multivariate proportional hazards model the results indicate that while the employment of married women is related to the rate and timing of marital disruption the direction and nature of this relationship is not necessarily consistent with convent…
Human Capital, Marital and Birth Timing, and the Postnatal Labor Force Participation of Married Women
Using materials from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience of Young Women, this article analyzes postnatal labor force participation data for married husband-present women over a 15-year period in order to study factors associated with the length of time out of the labor force following the first birth. Survival analyses and proportional hazards models indicate that human capital variables (education, prebirth work experien…
Modifying Beliefs and Behavior through Self-Confrontation
Self-confrontation theory is a cognitive-consistency-based model of behavioral and cognitive change developed by Milton Rokeach. The theoretical origins and major concepts of self-confrontation theory are elaborated, along with a review of experimental tests and evidence supporting the theory. The sociological relevance of self-confrontation theory and research is discussed
Social-Psychological Factors in Perinatal Labor-Force Participation
Young Women, this study analyzes eight years of panel data from 895 white married women, with husband present, who had a first birth prior to the 1978 interview. Thepur-pose of this research was to investigate social-psychological factors that may affect exit from the labor force prior to the birth event and reentry following the birth event. Covariance analyses suggest (a) that there is a large and statistically significant effect of at-titude t…
Factors Affecting Attendance of Major League Baseball: II. A Within-Season Analysis
This study examines game-by-game attendance data for one National League team (St. Louis Cardinals) and one American League team (Texas Rangers) for the 1982 season to explore factors related to attendance at professional sporting events. Multiple regression analyses indicate that the major factors affecting attendance are day of the week, opponent, and type of promotion. Recent and season-long performance measures for both the home and visiting …
Occupation and Divorce
Analyses of the combined General Social Surveys for 1972-1983 are used to estimate propensity to divorce (proportion of ever-married persons who have ever been divorced or legally separated) for major occupational categories and for selected occupations. Separate analyses for males and females show significant estimated effects of occupation on propensity to divorce even when occupational prestige, age, age at first marriage, income, education, a…
Individual differences in status generalization: Effects of need for social approval, anticipated interpersonal contact, and instrumental task abilities
Scope Conditions and Crucial Tests: Comment on Lee and Ofshe
Status and Performance Characteristics in Social Interaction: A Theory of Status Validation
J. David Knottnerus, Theodore N. Greenstein, Status and Performance Characteristics in Social Interaction: A Theory of Status Validation, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Dec., 1981), pp. 338-349
Gender Ideology: Components, Predictors, and Consequences
The purpose of this article is to review research on the construction of gender ideology and its consequences. The article begins with a summary of research focused on measuring gender ideology-individuals' levels of support for a division of paid work and family responsibilities that is based on the belief in gendered separate spheres. We describe the ways this concept has been operationalized in widely available data sources and provide a categ…
Economic Dependence, Gender, and the Division of Labor in the Home: A Replication and Extension
The fundamental question in the study of the gendered division of household labor has come to be why, in the face of dramatic changes in women's employment and earnings, housework remains "women's work." As a possible answer to this question, Brines (1994) presented a provocative conceptual model of the relationship between economic dependence and the performance of housework by wives and husbands. She concluded that the link between economic dep…
Husbands' Participation in Domestic Labor: Interactive Effects of Wives' and Husbands' Gender Ideologies
The literature suggests that gender ideology-how a person identifies herself or himself in terms of marital and family roles traditionally linked to gender-is related to the division of labor in the home. In this article I assert that it is not sufficient to merely examine the main effects of wives' and husbands' gender ideologies. Rather, it is essential to consider the interaction between the ideologies of wives and their husbands in order to u…
Gender Ideology and Perceptions of the Fairness of the Division of Household Labor: Effects on Marital Quality
Effects of Union Type on Division of Household Labor: Do Cohabiting Men Really Perform More Housework
Using data from 17,636 respondents in 28 nations, this research uses multilevel modeling to compare the reported division of household labor and factors affecting it for currently married and currently cohabiting couples. Cohabiting men report performing more household labor than do married men, and cohabiting women report performing less household labor than do married women. The findings provide support for the time-availability, relative-resou…
Cross‐national variations in the division of household labor
Using data from the International Social Justice Project, we describe the division of household labor in married couple households using a sample of 13 nations ( N = 10,153). We find significant differences in the division of household labor based upon respondents’ nations of residence. We find support for the time availability approach; households where the wife is employed outside the home for pay are more likely to respond that husbands perfor…
For Women, Breadwinning Can Be Dangerous: Gendered Resource Theory and Wife Abuse
To explain wife abuse, we offer a refinement of relative resource theory, gendered resource theory, which argues that the effect of relative resources is contingent upon husbands' gender ideologies. We use data from the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households (N =4,296) to test three theories of wife abuse. Resource theory receives no support. Relative resource theory receives limited support. Gendered resource theory receive…
Marital Disruption and the Employment of Married Women
This study examines the simultaneous effects of multiple indicators of wifes employment on marital disruption for a US national probability sample of women who 1st married between 1968-1982. Based on a multivariate proportional hazards model the results indicate that while the employment of married women is related to the rate and timing of marital disruption the direction and nature of this relationship is not necessarily consistent with convent…
Gender Ideology, Marital Disruption, and the Employment of Married Women
After peaking around 1980, period rates of divorce seem to have stabilized in the United States. Nonetheless, there is still a great deal of theoretical and empirical interest in the determinants of marital instability. Conventional wisdom has long linked marital instability to the employment of married women, but the empirical findings in this literature are far from unequivocal. One of the more consistent findings is the of wife's employment: N…
Why Study Housework? Cleaning as a Window Into Power in Couples
Given the volume of research on the division of household labor, this article queries the purpose of continuing to study a phenomenon when the empirical results are remarkably consistent. This introductory article to the special issue asking,“Why study housework?” proffers one possible answer: Studying housework provides insight into the power and equity in intimate relationships. We document how power as a characteristic of social relations, rat…
National Context, Family Satisfaction, and Fairness in the Division of Household Labor
This study uses data from married women in 30 nations to examine justice processes involving perceptions of fairness of the division of household labor and satisfaction with family life. Relative deprivation theory suggests that national context—operationalized here as nation‐level gender equity—might serve as a comparative referent used by married women when making determinations of the fairness of the division of household labor. Multilevel ana…
Interactive Effects of Gender Ideology and Age at First Marriage on Women's Marital Disruption
A sample of ever-married women from the NLSY79 is analyzed to examine the effects of age at first marriage and gender ideology on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption. The authors hypothesize that age at first marriage will have no effect on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption for non-traditional women, but that there will be a strong negative effect for traditional women. The authors use the log-rate model for piecewis…
Are the 'Most Advantaged' Children Truly Disadvantaged by Early Maternal Employment: Effects on Child Cognitive Outcomes
This research examines the effects of early maternal employment on the cognitive ability of 2,040 4- to 6-year-old children drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Some scholars have hypothesized that it is the 'most advantaged' of society's children who are disadvantaged or negatively affected by early maternal employment. If this hypothesis is true, the findings should be that advantages such as high levels of cognitive stimulatio…
Human Capital, Marital and Birth Timing, and the Postnatal Labor Force Participation of Married Women
Using materials from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience of Young Women, this article analyzes postnatal labor force participation data for married husband-present women over a 15-year period in order to study factors associated with the length of time out of the labor force following the first birth. Survival analyses and proportional hazards models indicate that human capital variables (education, prebirth work experien…
Households and work in their economic contexts: State-level variations in gendered housework performance before, during, and after the great recession
Women remain largely responsible for the management and performance of domestic labor despite many shifts in both women’s and men’s economic activities. The Great Recession changed the economic landscape in the United States in important ways, affecting men’s economic experiences substantially. Some states were affected less by the recession, thereby providing households a buffer against its harmful effects. Understanding the social and economic …
Maternal Employment and Child Behavioral Outcomes: A Household Economics Analysis
This research employs the household economics approach to study the effects of maternal employment and substitute child care on the social behavior of a national sample of 4- and 5-year-old children. Mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey's youth cohort were asked to rate their child's social behavior using items from the Behavioral Problems Index. The household economics approach predicts that behavioral outcomes for children of employed …
Social-Psychological Factors in Perinatal Labor-Force Participation
Young Women, this study analyzes eight years of panel data from 895 white married women, with husband present, who had a first birth prior to the 1978 interview. Thepur-pose of this research was to investigate social-psychological factors that may affect exit from the labor force prior to the birth event and reentry following the birth event. Covariance analyses suggest (a) that there is a large and statistically significant effect of at-titude t…
The Effects of Differential Evaluations on Status Generalization
This research examines the nature of the evaluation process that underlies status generalization. Expectation-states theory presents a formal theoretical explanation of how and why status characteristics initiate inequalities in power and prestige. A central concept in this formulation is the differentially-evaluated characteristic, which allows for generalization to specific performance expectations. The assumption that status generalization res…
Factors Affecting Attendance of Major League Baseball: II. A Within-Season Analysis
This study examines game-by-game attendance data for one National League team (St. Louis Cardinals) and one American League team (Texas Rangers) for the 1982 season to explore factors related to attendance at professional sporting events. Multiple regression analyses indicate that the major factors affecting attendance are day of the week, opponent, and type of promotion. Recent and season-long performance measures for both the home and visiting …
Occupation and Divorce
Analyses of the combined General Social Surveys for 1972-1983 are used to estimate propensity to divorce (proportion of ever-married persons who have ever been divorced or legally separated) for major occupational categories and for selected occupations. Separate analyses for males and females show significant estimated effects of occupation on propensity to divorce even when occupational prestige, age, age at first marriage, income, education, a…
Status and Performance Characteristics in Social Interaction: A Theory of Status Validation
J. David Knottnerus, Theodore N. Greenstein, Status and Performance Characteristics in Social Interaction: A Theory of Status Validation, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Dec., 1981), pp. 338-349
Behavior change following self-confrontation: A test of the value-mediation hypothesis
This study presents a reanalysis of data from Rokeach's self-confrontation experiments using path analytic techniques. Contrary to Rokeach's interpretations, findings indicate that behavior changes following self-confrontation are not primarily mediated through changes in value priorities. Rather, the available data suggest that the self-confrontation process involves the resolution of inconsistencies between behaviors and self-conceptions that a…
Behavior change through value self-confrontation: A field experiment
Individual differences in status generalization: Effects of need for social approval, anticipated interpersonal contact, and instrumental task abilities
Order effects in Rokeach's Value Survey
Order effects in Rokeach's Value Survey
Behavior change through value self-confrontation: A field experiment
Behavior change following self-confrontation: A test of the value-mediation hypothesis
This study presents a reanalysis of data from Rokeach's self-confrontation experiments using path analytic techniques. Contrary to Rokeach's interpretations, findings indicate that behavior changes following self-confrontation are not primarily mediated through changes in value priorities. Rather, the available data suggest that the self-confrontation process involves the resolution of inconsistencies between behaviors and self-conceptions that a…
The Effects of Differential Evaluations on Status Generalization
This research examines the nature of the evaluation process that underlies status generalization. Expectation-states theory presents a formal theoretical explanation of how and why status characteristics initiate inequalities in power and prestige. A central concept in this formulation is the differentially-evaluated characteristic, which allows for generalization to specific performance expectations. The assumption that status generalization res…
Scope Conditions and Crucial Tests: Comment on Lee and Ofshe
Status and Performance Characteristics in Social Interaction: A Theory of Status Validation
J. David Knottnerus, Theodore N. Greenstein, Status and Performance Characteristics in Social Interaction: A Theory of Status Validation, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Dec., 1981), pp. 338-349
Individual differences in status generalization: Effects of need for social approval, anticipated interpersonal contact, and instrumental task abilities
Factors Affecting Attendance of Major League Baseball: II. A Within-Season Analysis
This study examines game-by-game attendance data for one National League team (St. Louis Cardinals) and one American League team (Texas Rangers) for the 1982 season to explore factors related to attendance at professional sporting events. Multiple regression analyses indicate that the major factors affecting attendance are day of the week, opponent, and type of promotion. Recent and season-long performance measures for both the home and visiting …
Occupation and Divorce
Analyses of the combined General Social Surveys for 1972-1983 are used to estimate propensity to divorce (proportion of ever-married persons who have ever been divorced or legally separated) for major occupational categories and for selected occupations. Separate analyses for males and females show significant estimated effects of occupation on propensity to divorce even when occupational prestige, age, age at first marriage, income, education, a…
Social-Psychological Factors in Perinatal Labor-Force Participation
Young Women, this study analyzes eight years of panel data from 895 white married women, with husband present, who had a first birth prior to the 1978 interview. Thepur-pose of this research was to investigate social-psychological factors that may affect exit from the labor force prior to the birth event and reentry following the birth event. Covariance analyses suggest (a) that there is a large and statistically significant effect of at-titude t…
Human Capital, Marital and Birth Timing, and the Postnatal Labor Force Participation of Married Women
Using materials from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience of Young Women, this article analyzes postnatal labor force participation data for married husband-present women over a 15-year period in order to study factors associated with the length of time out of the labor force following the first birth. Survival analyses and proportional hazards models indicate that human capital variables (education, prebirth work experien…
Modifying Beliefs and Behavior through Self-Confrontation
Self-confrontation theory is a cognitive-consistency-based model of behavioral and cognitive change developed by Milton Rokeach. The theoretical origins and major concepts of self-confrontation theory are elaborated, along with a review of experimental tests and evidence supporting the theory. The sociological relevance of self-confrontation theory and research is discussed
Marital Disruption and the Employment of Married Women
This study examines the simultaneous effects of multiple indicators of wifes employment on marital disruption for a US national probability sample of women who 1st married between 1968-1982. Based on a multivariate proportional hazards model the results indicate that while the employment of married women is related to the rate and timing of marital disruption the direction and nature of this relationship is not necessarily consistent with convent…
Maternal Employment and Child Behavioral Outcomes: A Household Economics Analysis
This research employs the household economics approach to study the effects of maternal employment and substitute child care on the social behavior of a national sample of 4- and 5-year-old children. Mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey's youth cohort were asked to rate their child's social behavior using items from the Behavioral Problems Index. The household economics approach predicts that behavioral outcomes for children of employed …
Gender Ideology, Marital Disruption, and the Employment of Married Women
After peaking around 1980, period rates of divorce seem to have stabilized in the United States. Nonetheless, there is still a great deal of theoretical and empirical interest in the determinants of marital instability. Conventional wisdom has long linked marital instability to the employment of married women, but the empirical findings in this literature are far from unequivocal. One of the more consistent findings is the of wife's employment: N…
Are the 'Most Advantaged' Children Truly Disadvantaged by Early Maternal Employment: Effects on Child Cognitive Outcomes
This research examines the effects of early maternal employment on the cognitive ability of 2,040 4- to 6-year-old children drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Some scholars have hypothesized that it is the 'most advantaged' of society's children who are disadvantaged or negatively affected by early maternal employment. If this hypothesis is true, the findings should be that advantages such as high levels of cognitive stimulatio…
Husbands' Participation in Domestic Labor: Interactive Effects of Wives' and Husbands' Gender Ideologies
The literature suggests that gender ideology-how a person identifies herself or himself in terms of marital and family roles traditionally linked to gender-is related to the division of labor in the home. In this article I assert that it is not sufficient to merely examine the main effects of wives' and husbands' gender ideologies. Rather, it is essential to consider the interaction between the ideologies of wives and their husbands in order to u…
Gender Ideology and Perceptions of the Fairness of the Division of Household Labor: Effects on Marital Quality
Economic Dependence, Gender, and the Division of Labor in the Home: A Replication and Extension
The fundamental question in the study of the gendered division of household labor has come to be why, in the face of dramatic changes in women's employment and earnings, housework remains "women's work." As a possible answer to this question, Brines (1994) presented a provocative conceptual model of the relationship between economic dependence and the performance of housework by wives and husbands. She concluded that the link between economic dep…
Research in the Sociology of Work, Vol. 7: Work and Family
Cross‐national variations in the division of household labor
Using data from the International Social Justice Project, we describe the division of household labor in married couple households using a sample of 13 nations ( N = 10,153). We find significant differences in the division of household labor based upon respondents’ nations of residence. We find support for the time availability approach; households where the wife is employed outside the home for pay are more likely to respond that husbands perfor…
Interactive Effects of Gender Ideology and Age at First Marriage on Women's Marital Disruption
A sample of ever-married women from the NLSY79 is analyzed to examine the effects of age at first marriage and gender ideology on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption. The authors hypothesize that age at first marriage will have no effect on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption for non-traditional women, but that there will be a strong negative effect for traditional women. The authors use the log-rate model for piecewis…
For Women, Breadwinning Can Be Dangerous: Gendered Resource Theory and Wife Abuse
To explain wife abuse, we offer a refinement of relative resource theory, gendered resource theory, which argues that the effect of relative resources is contingent upon husbands' gender ideologies. We use data from the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households (N =4,296) to test three theories of wife abuse. Resource theory receives no support. Relative resource theory receives limited support. Gendered resource theory receive…
Methods of Family Research
Effects of Union Type on Division of Household Labor: Do Cohabiting Men Really Perform More Housework
Using data from 17,636 respondents in 28 nations, this research uses multilevel modeling to compare the reported division of household labor and factors affecting it for currently married and currently cohabiting couples. Cohabiting men report performing more household labor than do married men, and cohabiting women report performing less household labor than do married women. The findings provide support for the time-availability, relative-resou…
Psychology (24 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Economics (17 works) · Work-Family Balance Challenges (16 works) · Demographic economics (15 works) · Political science (13 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (12 works) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (8 works)