Steven Luke
Biographic Data
| ID | 86764 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Steven Luke |
| GIVEN NAMES | Steven |
| FAMILY NAME | Luke |
| SIGNATURE | LUKE S |
| AFFILIATIONS | New York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0427-4773 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 123 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 688 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 123 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1963 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Alienation and anomie [1]
Both Marx and Durkheim were profound critics of industrial society in nineteenth-century Europe. What is striking is the markedly different bases of their criticisms of the ills of their societies, which can best be brought out by a careful consideration of the different assumptions and implications that belong to the two concepts of alienation and anomie, which they respectively employed. This chapter argues that they are both socio-psychologica…
ZNF582 hypermethylation as a prognostic biomarker for malignant transformation of oral lesions
Where is the Good in the World?: Ethical Life between Social Theory and Philosophy
Bringing together contributions from anthropology, sociology, religious studies, and philosophy, along with ethnographic case studies from diverse settings, this volume explores how different disciplinary perspectives on the good might engage with and enrich each other. The chapters examine how people realize the good in social life, exploring how ethics and values relate to forms of suffering, power and inequality, and, in doing so, demonstrate …
On the Concept of Power: Possibility, Necessity, Politics
Capitalism, Justice, and the Boundaries of Liberalism
The argument of Katrina Forrester’s In the Shadow of Justice explains the present neglect of Rawlsian thinking in the social and political world beyond academia. She there convincingly shows how its deep assumptions, conceptual framing and narrow view of what constitutes politics disabled it from grappling with the subsequent massive transformations of capitalism. Her second argument, advanced in her article and questioned here, offers an ideolog…
Joyce's Ulysses: Social Science, Fiction, and Reality: Ulysses, James Joyce
What can great fiction do that social sciences cannot? Social science's Individuals are abstract: not real, and thus fictional—shaped to explain outcomes. Explanation concludes a process of inquiry. Fiction, by contrast, is a process of exploration: opening up questions and generating puzzles, pursuing nuance and complexity. Ulysses abundantly exemplifies this. It depicts Dublin life ethnographically but in a distinctive way, as its participants …
Bringing power back in
Power and rational choice
Addressing why those subject to domination seem to acquiesce willingly, Dowding and I disagree. Dowding appeals to luck; I claim it is likely to be power. Dowding’s view, at its strongest, views power narrowly: having power is having the capacity intentionally and observably to mobilize resources to advance one’s interests. My three-dimensional view embraces the various means by which power relations are reproduced and which they in turn reproduc…
Power and domination
The ‘power debate’ raises hard questions to which the recent ‘domination debate’ among philosophers embracing neorepublicanism contributes. Concerning agents and structures, the neorepublican focus on dominators’ wills needs broadening, replacing intentions with interests, since their power can be routine and unconsidered, and extend across generations. Neorepublicans see domination as a potential rendering others vulnerable; here the view needs …
Power: A Radical View
Sociology's inescapable past
Why does sociology teaching uniquely require study of its classics? The answer, it is suggested, lies in the indeterminacy of the idea of what is social-what constitutes and exemplifies it, at different levels of abstraction, about which the classical sociologists diverge, as do their continuing legacies. Synthesis aiming at disciplinary-wide consensus is not, therefore, a promising path. Selective perception, it is further suggested, deepens ins…
On the rhetoric of human rights
The other side of freedom: On the sociality of ethics
The social character of ethics is best revealed by exploring the complex dynamics linking individuals' freedom to moral requirements. In this article, we consider James Laidlaw's influential proposal that an anthropology of ethics makes freedom central to what is distinctively ethical in human life, but we argue that it unduly restricts the proposed scope of anthropology. This account of freedom is both overly cognitive, focusing on reflection, v…
Antidemocracy in America: Truth, Power, and the Republic at Risk
How Philosophy and Sociology Need Each Other: A Conversation
Phenomena of Power: Authority, Domination, and Violence
Noumenal power: Concept and explanation
Does ‘noumenal power’ adequately represent ‘the real and general phenomenon of power,’ as the capacity to secure the compliance of others? Does it include what is relevantly similar and exclude what is not? Forst’s concept is, appropriately, interagentive, but errs in insisting that power is intentionally ‘exercised’ thereby excluding countless ways in which compliance can be otherwise secured. Does ‘noumenal power’ offer the best explanation of …
Guilt-Tripping the Greengrocer
Two ways of reading Havel’s classic essay are proposed. According to the first, the focus is on the peculiarities of the post-totalitarian system, inhabited by the famous greengrocer, where slogans, ritual communication, pervasive manipulation, and arbitrariness prevail and power operates as if automatic and anonymous. The lines of conflict run though each person: everyone is both victim and supporter. Comparison is made with Michel Foucault’s (e…
A capacious mind
The power of occlusion
The ability to control the terms of debate has powerful consequences for what is and is not considered a valid argument, and what does and does not get taken seriously as a description of the world. In this paper, we focus on the ways in which power is at work to pre-emptively exclude certain ideas and descriptions of relevant phenomena before questions about what should be done about that phenomena can even be asked. We describe this as the powe…
Sacred Values in Secular Politics
What role does sacredness play in the secular politics of the liberal democracies of the United States and Europe today? One approach, focusing on the sources of political unity, suggests that they are integrated by a kind of civil religion, however flawed. This suggestion is criticized empirically as ever less plausible and as blind to the currently feasible limits of social solidarity. A second approach, focusing on the growing democratic crisi…
Liberals and cannibals: The Implications of Diversity
Taking as his starting point Robert Frost's accusation that a liberal is someone who can't take his own side in an argument, Steven Lukes confronts liberal thought with its own limitations. The essays in this collection focus on the perennial but newly urgent questions of how the tension between relativism and the moral universalism current in contemporary politics can be resolved within the framework of liberalism." "While recognizing the danger…
Durkheim, Emile (1858–1917)
Robert Dahl on power
Two questions about Dahl’s evolving view of power are addressed. Have critics failed to distinguish his broad concept of power from the operational measures required for its study? It is argued that his classic study Who Governs? was driven by a concept of power on whose narrowness they rightly focused because it excluded important questions about power relations and mechanisms. Secondly, how satisfactory is his final conceptualization of power? …
Social Democracy and Economic Liberty
Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work: A Historical and Critical Study
This study of Durkheim seeks to help the reader to achieve a historical understanding of his ideas and to form critical judgments about their value. To some extent these tow aims are contradictory. On the one hand, one seeks to understand: what did Durkheim really mean, how did he see the world, how did his ideas related to one another and how did they develop, how did they related to their biographical and historical context, how were they recei…
Political Ritual and Social Integration
The article is concerned with the role played by rituals in the politics of advanced industrial societies. First, after considering the disputes of the anthropologists, a working definition of ritual is offered. The central, critical part of the paper discusses a range of attempts that have been made to apply a particular theory of ritual-the Durkheimian theory-to the politics of modern societies, specifically the United States and Britain. These…
Durkheim's ‘Individualism and the Intellectuals
Power and the Battle for Hearts and Minds
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Some Problems about Rationality
In what follows I shall discuss a philosophical problem arising out of the practice of anthropologists and sociologists which may be stated, in a general and unanalysed form, as follows: when I come across a set of beliefs which appear prima facie irrational, what should be my attitude towards them? Should I adopt a critical attitude, taking it as a fact about the beliefs that they are irrational, and seek to explain how they came to be held, how…
The New Democracy
Nobody to shoot? Power, structure, and agency: A dialogue
In this dialogue, Clarissa Hayward and Steven Lukes debate the relation among power, social structure, and human agency. The authors converge on the view that not only moral responsibility, but also political responsibility is relevant to the study of power. They disagree about how to analyze difficult cases in which some agents are clearly subject to social constraints on freedom, but no powerful actors seem responsible for their constraint
Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work
Liberal Democratic Torture
Liberal democracies have long practised torture, but should they ever permit their officials to torture (and, if so, when?), how should their citizens think and talk about it, and how should the law treat it? Is it just another instance of ‘dirty hands’ in politics? If it averts some terrible harm, can resorting to it be seen as choosing the ‘lesser evil’? What, then, is torture? The ‘torture memos’ of the Bush administration's legal advisers are…
"The Meanings of "Individualism
Steven Lukes's article, "The Meanings of 'Individualism'", explores the multifaceted and often contradictory interpretations of individualism throughout history. He identifies three distinct yet interconnected types of individualism: methodological, moral, and political. Methodological individualism emphasizes the individual as the primary unit of analysis in social science. Moral individualism focuses on the intrinsic value and moral worth of ea…
Different cultures, different rationalities
Winch's 'Understanding a Primitive Society' addressed the question of how to interpret apparently irrational alien beliefs and practices. Criticizing Evans-Pritchard's study of Zande witchcraft, Winch argued that across cultures there are divergent conceptions of what is rational and real and that, where they diverge, it is mistaken to apply 'our' standards and conceptions to 'their' beliefs. Winch's position is here re-examined in the light of t…
Emile Durkheim His Life and Work: A Historical and Critical Study
Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work
Durkheim: The Rules of Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and Its Method
Power and Luck
in applying rational choice theory to the debates about power, it has been proposed that distinguishing power from luck yields new insights. specifically, it has been suggested that, where social and institutional structures favour some and disfavour others, the former have the good luck to get what they want without trying and the latter the bad luck to be faced with collective action problems that prevent them from furthering their interests. a…
Searle and his critics
The ensuing articles pose various challenges to Searle's thesis concerning social reality. Some exhibit misunderstandings; others identify inadequacies in the formulation of his thesis and failures to address issues within the limits of his project, notably his inattention to unintended consequences. Searle's project is to distinguish social from biological and physical reality, but that, it is argued, offers a restrictive account of what social …
Ernest Gellner and Modernity
The other side of freedom: On the sociality of ethics
The social character of ethics is best revealed by exploring the complex dynamics linking individuals' freedom to moral requirements. In this article, we consider James Laidlaw's influential proposal that an anthropology of ethics makes freedom central to what is distinctively ethical in human life, but we argue that it unduly restricts the proposed scope of anthropology. This account of freedom is both overly cognitive, focusing on reflection, v…
Power and agency
Book Reviewed: Clarissa Hayward 2000 De‐Facing Power
Social justice: The Hayekian challenge
Hayek's argument that social justice is a mirage consists of six claims: that the very idea of social justice is meaningless, religious, self‐contradictory, and ideological; that realizing any degree of social justice is unfeasible; and that aiming to do so must destroy all liberty. These claims are examined in the light of contemporary theories and debates concerning social justice in order to assess whether the argument's persuasive power is du…
Emile Durkheim. His Life and Work
Phenomena of Power: Authority, Domination, and Violence
Robert Dahl on power
Two questions about Dahl’s evolving view of power are addressed. Have critics failed to distinguish his broad concept of power from the operational measures required for its study? It is argued that his classic study Who Governs? was driven by a concept of power on whose narrowness they rightly focused because it excluded important questions about power relations and mechanisms. Secondly, how satisfactory is his final conceptualization of power? …
Reply to Comments
The rationality of norms
Reflecting on the notion of responsibility, Václav Havel offers, in one of his Letters to Olga, what he calls a trivial illustration:at night, I board the rear car of a tram to go one stop. The car is empty, and since the fare is paid by dropping a crown into a box, not even a conductor is present [...] So I have the option of throwing the fare into the box or not: if I don't, no-one will see me, or ever find out: no witnesses will ever be able t…
The New Democracy
Durkheim et la Science Economique: L'apport de sa Sociologie a la Theorie Economique moderne
Moral Weakness
Journal Article Moral Weakness Get access Steven Lukes Steven Lukes Nuffield College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 15, Issue 59, April 1965, Pages 104–114, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218210 Published: 01 April 1965
Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements; The Anarchists and The Anarchists
Journal Article Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements; The Anarchists and The Anarchists Get access Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. By George Woodcock. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1963. 480 pp. Bibliog. Index. (Pelican Books, A 622.) 7s. 6d.The Anarchists. Ed. by Irving L. Horowitz. New York: Dell. 1964. 640 pp. Index. 95 cents.The Anarchists. By James Joll. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. 1964. 303 pp. B…
On the History of Sociological Theory
Varieties of Political Philosophy
Some Problems about Rationality
In what follows I shall discuss a philosophical problem arising out of the practice of anthropologists and sociologists which may be stated, in a general and unanalysed form, as follows: when I come across a set of beliefs which appear prima facie irrational, what should be my attitude towards them? Should I adopt a critical attitude, taking it as a fact about the beliefs that they are irrational, and seek to explain how they came to be held, how…
Methodological Individualism Reconsidered
Durkheim's ‘Individualism and the Intellectuals
Methodological Individualism Reconsidered
In what follows I discuss and (hopefully) render harmless a doctrine which has a very long ancestry, has constantly reappeared in the history of sociology and still appears to haunt the scene. It was, we might say, conceived by Hobbes, who held that ‘it is necessary that we know the things that are to be compounded before we can know the whole compound’ for ‘everything is best understood by its constitutive causes’, the causes of the social compo…
Oeuvres
Social and Moral Tolerance
1 SHALL ARGUE THAT TOLERANCE IS CENTRALLY A MORAL CONCEPT (although it is also used in a variety of non-moral ways). My differences with the two papers, with which I in many ways agree, derive from this observation. I shall argue that the definition they use must be extended to allow for claims to legitimacy characteristic of cases of tolerance, and I shall further argue (against Dr King) that tolerance characterizes social groups in a less forma…
Prolegomena to the Interpretation of Durkheim
Durkheim's manner of thought and his style of expression have certain peculiar features the recognition of which can only clarify the interpretation of his ideas. First, there are certain concepts crucial to the understanding of his thought which need to be elucidated, either because they are ambiguous or because they are unfamiliar to a modern reader. Second, underlying these concepts, there are a number of sharp dichotomies, or "binary oppositi…
"The Meanings of "Individualism
Steven Lukes's article, "The Meanings of 'Individualism'", explores the multifaceted and often contradictory interpretations of individualism throughout history. He identifies three distinct yet interconnected types of individualism: methodological, moral, and political. Methodological individualism emphasizes the individual as the primary unit of analysis in social science. Moral individualism focuses on the intrinsic value and moral worth of ea…
Knowledge and Human Interests
Sociology in its Place and Other Essays
Emile Durkheim His Life and Work: A Historical and Critical Study
Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work: A Historical and Critical Study
This study of Durkheim seeks to help the reader to achieve a historical understanding of his ideas and to form critical judgments about their value. To some extent these tow aims are contradictory. On the one hand, one seeks to understand: what did Durkheim really mean, how did he see the world, how did his ideas related to one another and how did they develop, how did they related to their biographical and historical context, how were they recei…
Relativism: Cognitive and Moral
Steven Lukes, W. G. Runciman; Relativism: Cognitive and Moral, Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, Volume 48, Issue 1, 14 July 1974, Pages 165–208
Power: A Radical View
Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work
Individualism
Durkheim confirme Tiryakian: Un Échange De Correspondance
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Emile Durkheim. His Life and Work
Emile Durkheim. His Life and Work
Sociology (90 works) · Philosophy (80 works) · Epistemology (57 works) · Political science (57 works) · Philosophy (48 works) · Law (46 works) · Law (34 works) · Law and economics (25 works) · Politics (24 works) · Emile Durkheim and Sociology (22 works)