Robert T Brennan
Biographic Data
| ID | 86952 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert T Brennan |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert T |
| FAMILY NAME | Brennan |
| SIGNATURE | BRENNAN R T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6158-225X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 33 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 479 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 33 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Effect of a home-visiting parenting program to promote early childhood development and prevent violence: A cluster-randomized trial in Rwanda
INTRODUCTION: Families living in extreme poverty require interventions to support early-childhood development (ECD) due to broad risks. This longitudinal cluster randomised trial examines the effectiveness of Sugira Muryango (SM), a home-visiting intervention linked to Rwanda's social protection system to promote ECD and reduce violence compared with usual care (UC). METHODS: Families with children aged 6-36 months were recruited in 284 geographi…
Classifying childhood war trauma exposure: Latent profile analyses of Sierra Leone’s former child soldiers
BACKGROUND: Former child soldiers are at elevated risk for mental health problems (e.g., traumatic stress, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing and externalizing problems). To examine which groups of former child soldiers are more likely to have difficulties with emotion regulation, interpersonal relationships, and mental health postconflict, we explored patterns of war trauma exposure and their effects on subsequent mental health problems am…
Intergenerational impacts of trauma and hardship through parenting
BACKGROUND: Millions of people worldwide experience severe trauma in their lifetime. Trauma has immediate and long-term effects on emotional wellbeing. Moreover, the experiences of one generation may influence subsequent generations via social and biological pathways. Poor mental health and emotion dysregulation associated with trauma may affect parenting behaviours, which may have long-lasting effects on children's development. METHODS: We use l…
Fear, distress, and perceived risk shape stigma toward Ebola survivors: A prospective longitudinal study
This study identified key individual and psychosocial characteristics which may predict higher levels of stigma toward infectious disease survivors. Future studies should pursue a better understanding of how personal characteristics and perceptions, including psychosocial distress, fear, and perceived infection risk serve as pathways for stigma in communities affected by infectious disease
Transnational evaluation of the Sympathy for Violent Radicalization Scale: Measuring population attitudes toward violent radicalization in two countries
Countering violent radicalization is a priority in many countries, prompting research that assesses attitudes and beliefs about violent radicalization in the general population. The majority of violent radicalization assessments have been developed among specific populations, with limited investigation into the generalizability and cross-cultural applicability of measurement tools. A transcultural investigation raises questions about the implicit…
The intergenerational impact of war on mental health and psychosocial wellbeing: Lessons from the longitudinal study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone
The case study offers a unique perspective on challenges and field realities of health research in a fragile, post-conflict setting common in the context of humanitarian emergencies. LSWAY findings along with lessons learned from the field can inform future research as well as intervention research and implementation science to address the mental health and development of war-affected young people. With four waves of data collection and a planned…
Promoting parent-child relationships and preventing violence via home-visiting: A pre-post cluster randomised trial among Rwandan families linked to social protection programmes
ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02510313
Exploring the potential of a family-based prevention intervention to reduce alcohol use and violence within HIV-affected families in Rwanda
HIV-affected families report higher rates of harmful alcohol use, intimate partner violence (IPV) and family conflict, which can have detrimental effects on children. Few evidence-based interventions exist to address these complex issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. This mixed methods study explores the potential of a family-based intervention to reduce IPV, family conflict and problems related to alcohol use to promote child mental health and family f…
Enhancing adolescent self-efficacy and collective efficacy through public engagement around HIV/Aids competence: A multilevel, cluster randomized-controlled trial
Conservation of Resources theory in the context of multiple roles: An analysis of within- and cross-role mediational pathways
Based on the Conservation of Resources theory, we used data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS I, 1995–1996; N=1779) to estimate by covariance structure analysis the direct and indirect effects of work and family demands, resources, and support on psychological distress. In a new application of the theory, we estimated six within-role mediational pathways linking work-related predictors to psychological di…
Sierra Leone’s Former Child Soldiers: A Follow-Up Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration
This is the first prospective study to investigate psychosocial adjustment in male and female former child soldiers (ages 10–18; n = 156, 12% female). The study began in Sierra Leone in 2002 and was designed to examine both risk and protective factors in psychosocial adjustment. Over the 2-year period of follow-up, youth who had wounded or killed others during the war demonstrated increases in hostility. Youth who survived rape not only had highe…
School and school activity schedules affect the quality of family relations: A Within-Couple Analysis
In this study, we focus on community resources – specifically, children's school and school activity schedules, or school resource fit (SRF) – as a contextual variable influencing family-role quality (FRQ) among employed parents of school-aged (grades K-12) children in a sample of 58 Boston-area couples (N=116). We found that SRF is a significant predictor of parent-role quality (PRQ) and marital-role quality (MRQ) for mothers, but not fathers. F…
Reconsidering work time: A Multivariate Longitudinal Within-Couple Analysis
Dual-earner couples now work significantly more hours than in the past, but few couple-level studies examine whether work hours are linked to mental health and quality-of-life outcomes. In 2001, Jacobs and Gerson proposed that combined spouse work hours would better predict outcomes than would spouses' individual work hours. Longitudinal data from a random sample of 211 dual-earner couples with children partially support this hypothesis. Our find…
Young Citizens as Health Agents: Use of Drama in Promoting Community Efficacy for HIV/Aids
A community-based cluster randomized control trial in a medium-sized municipality in Tanzania was designed to increase local competence to control HIV/AIDS through actions initiated by children and adolescents aged 10 to 14 years. Representative groups from the 15 treatment communities reached mutual understanding about their objectives as health agents, prioritized their actions, and skillfully applied community drama (“skits”) to impart knowled…
Wives' Shift Work Schedules and Husbands' and Wives' Well-Being in Dual-Earner Couples With Children: A Within-Couple Analysis
In a sample of 55 dual-earner families with children aged 8 to 14 in which the mothers are registered nurses regularly working either day shifts (typically 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) or evening shifts (typically 3:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.), we estimated the within-couple relationship between the wife's work variables (i.e., work shift, work hours, and the interaction between work shift and work hours) and each spouse's work-family conflict, psychologic…
Using a multi-organization database: Research methods, strengths, and limitations
This paper describes the WFD Consulting multi-organization database and the methodology used by the five quantitative studies in this special issue to examine workplace flexibility (Hill & Civian, 2008). The database includes 72,161 responses representing 312,459 employees from 25 US organizations in five industries gathered from 1996 to 2006. These studies have an average response rate of 45%. First, an overview of the research questions is pres…
The relationship of perceived flexibility, supportive work-life policies, and use of formal flexible arrangements and occasional flexibility to employee engagement and expected retention
This study examines the relationship of perceived workplace flexibility and supportive work–life policies to employee engagement and expectations to remain with the organization (expected retention). It also explores the association of formal and occasional (informal) use of flexibility with these outcomes. Data are from a multi-organization database created by WFD Consulting of studies conducted between 1996 and 2006. Results revealed that perce…
Exploring the relationship of workplace flexibility, gender, and life stage to family-to-work conflict, and stress and burnout
This study explores how the reported use and perceived value of five workplace flexibility options differ by gender and life stage. It also examines the relationship of perceived workplace flexibility, gender, and life stages to family-to-work conflict and stress and burnout. Data are from a multi-company database created by WFD Consulting containing the results of studies conducted in multiple organizations between 1996 and 2006. Results reveale…
Refining the measurement of exposure to violence (ETV) in urban youth
Correlational analysis, classical test theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and multilevel Rasch modeling were used to refine a measure of adolescents' exposure to violence (ETV). Interpersonal violence could be distinguished from other potentially traumatic events; it was also possible to distinguish three routes of exposure (victimization, witnessing, and learning of). Correlations confirmed that ETV subscales are related to measures of aggres…
A Multilevel Study of Neighborhoods and Parent-to-Child Physical Aggression: Results From the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
The majority of children in the United States experience parent-to-child physical aggression (PCPA), a disciplinary strategy out of favor with many experts. Several decades of research have documented a link between community characteristics and severe child maltreatment. None have taken a multilevel approach to study whether neighborhoods affect the amount of corporal punishment and/or physical abuse used by individual families. Data for this ar…
Social capital and neighborhood mortality rates in Chicago
Individual and Crossover Effects of Work Schedule Fit: A Within-Couple Analysis
A couple-level analysis with a sample of 105 female reduced-hours physicians and their full-time-employed husbands found individual and spouse crossover effects: Each spouse's ratings of own schedule fit predict own job-role quality; wives' ratings of partner/family schedule fit predict their marital-role quality, with a similar trend for husbands; husbands' ratings of own schedule fit predict wives' marital-role quality; and husbands' ratings of…
Estimating Multi-Level Discrete-Time Hazard Models Using Cross-Sectional Data: Neighborhood Effects on the Onset of Adolescent Cigarette Use
Investigating the effects of social context (e.g., neighborhood or school context) on the timing of behaviors (such as cigarette use initiation) requires both multi-level modeling and eventhistory analysis, and often requires the construction of a retrospective person-period data set from cross-sectional data. In this article we describe procedures for constructing such a data set and discuss modeling strategies for estimating multi-level discret…
When She Earns More Than He Does: A Longitudinal Study of Dual-Earner Couples
In a random sample of 286 full-time-employed dual-earner couples, we tested 3 competing hypotheses: when wives earn more than their husbands, (a) each partner's marital-role quality (MRQ) decreases; (b) his MRQ increases, whereas effects on her MRQ are mixed; and (c) relationships vary with gender-role beliefs (i.e., gender-role ideology and subjective rewards of salary). We conceptualized salary as a couple-level predictor with 4 components, 2 t…
Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Girls' Pubertal Maturation: Results From the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
The goal of this study was to determine whether aspects of pubertal maturation vary across race/ethnicity. To this end, we investigated two components of pubertal maturation (i.e., onset of menarche and perceptions of pubertal timing) in a multiethnic, multisocioeconomic sample of urban adolescent girls (N = 866). There were 314 African American, 404 Latina, and 148 White adolescents across low, middle, and high socioeconomic status (SES) backgro…
Social capital and neighborhood mortality rates in Chicago
Exploring the relationship of workplace flexibility, gender, and life stage to family-to-work conflict, and stress and burnout
This study explores how the reported use and perceived value of five workplace flexibility options differ by gender and life stage. It also examines the relationship of perceived workplace flexibility, gender, and life stages to family-to-work conflict and stress and burnout. Data are from a multi-company database created by WFD Consulting containing the results of studies conducted in multiple organizations between 1996 and 2006. Results reveale…
Change in job and marital experiences and change in psychological distress: A longitudinal study of dual-earner couples
Are changes in job quality more closely linked to changes in distress for men than for women? Conversely, are changes in marital quality more closely linked to changes in distress for women than for men? These questions were addressed in a longitudinal analysis of a random sample of 210 full-time employed dual-earner couples. Change over time in job role quality was significantly associated with change over time in distress, and the magnitude of …
Gender and the relationship between job experiences and psychological distress: A study of dual-earner couples
The relationship of perceived flexibility, supportive work-life policies, and use of formal flexible arrangements and occasional flexibility to employee engagement and expected retention
This study examines the relationship of perceived workplace flexibility and supportive work–life policies to employee engagement and expectations to remain with the organization (expected retention). It also explores the association of formal and occasional (informal) use of flexibility with these outcomes. Data are from a multi-organization database created by WFD Consulting of studies conducted between 1996 and 2006. Results revealed that perce…
When She Earns More Than He Does: A Longitudinal Study of Dual-Earner Couples
In a random sample of 286 full-time-employed dual-earner couples, we tested 3 competing hypotheses: when wives earn more than their husbands, (a) each partner's marital-role quality (MRQ) decreases; (b) his MRQ increases, whereas effects on her MRQ are mixed; and (c) relationships vary with gender-role beliefs (i.e., gender-role ideology and subjective rewards of salary). We conceptualized salary as a couple-level predictor with 4 components, 2 t…
The relationship between job experiences and psychological distress: A structural equation approach
Using structural equations, we estimated the relationship between employees' experiences of seven job conditions, that have been identified as potential job stressors, and psychological distress in a random sample of 504 full‐time employed men and women in dual‐earner couples. The seven job conditions were: skill discretion, decision authority, schedule control, job demands, pay adequacy, job security, and relations with supervisor. We found that…
Wives' Shift Work Schedules and Husbands' and Wives' Well-Being in Dual-Earner Couples With Children: A Within-Couple Analysis
In a sample of 55 dual-earner families with children aged 8 to 14 in which the mothers are registered nurses regularly working either day shifts (typically 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) or evening shifts (typically 3:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.), we estimated the within-couple relationship between the wife's work variables (i.e., work shift, work hours, and the interaction between work shift and work hours) and each spouse's work-family conflict, psychologic…
Individual and Crossover Effects of Work Schedule Fit: A Within-Couple Analysis
A couple-level analysis with a sample of 105 female reduced-hours physicians and their full-time-employed husbands found individual and spouse crossover effects: Each spouse's ratings of own schedule fit predict own job-role quality; wives' ratings of partner/family schedule fit predict their marital-role quality, with a similar trend for husbands; husbands' ratings of own schedule fit predict wives' marital-role quality; and husbands' ratings of…
Refining the measurement of exposure to violence (ETV) in urban youth
Correlational analysis, classical test theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and multilevel Rasch modeling were used to refine a measure of adolescents' exposure to violence (ETV). Interpersonal violence could be distinguished from other potentially traumatic events; it was also possible to distinguish three routes of exposure (victimization, witnessing, and learning of). Correlations confirmed that ETV subscales are related to measures of aggres…
Gender and the Relationship Between Marital-Role Quality and Psychological Distress: A Study of Women and Men in Dual-Earner Couples
In this paper, we estimate the association between marital-role quality and psychological distress in a sample of 300 full-time employed women and men in dual-earner couples. We control for such individual-level variables as age, education, occupational prestige, and job-role quality, and for such couple-level variables as length of marriage, parental status, and household income. We then compare the magnitude of this effect for men and for women…
Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Girls' Pubertal Maturation: Results From the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
The goal of this study was to determine whether aspects of pubertal maturation vary across race/ethnicity. To this end, we investigated two components of pubertal maturation (i.e., onset of menarche and perceptions of pubertal timing) in a multiethnic, multisocioeconomic sample of urban adolescent girls (N = 866). There were 314 African American, 404 Latina, and 148 White adolescents across low, middle, and high socioeconomic status (SES) backgro…
Enhancing adolescent self-efficacy and collective efficacy through public engagement around HIV/Aids competence: A multilevel, cluster randomized-controlled trial
Gender and the Relationship between Parent Role Quality and Psychological Distress: A Study of Men and Women in Dual-Earner Couples
The association between parent role quality and psychological distress is examined in a sample of 180 full-time employed dual-earner couples, controlling for such individual-level variables as age, education, occupational prestige, and marital quality and for such couple-level variables as length of marriage, household income, and number, ages, and sex of children. The magnitude of this effect is compared for men and for women. Results indicate t…
Reconsidering work time: A Multivariate Longitudinal Within-Couple Analysis
Dual-earner couples now work significantly more hours than in the past, but few couple-level studies examine whether work hours are linked to mental health and quality-of-life outcomes. In 2001, Jacobs and Gerson proposed that combined spouse work hours would better predict outcomes than would spouses' individual work hours. Longitudinal data from a random sample of 211 dual-earner couples with children partially support this hypothesis. Our find…
Young Citizens as Health Agents: Use of Drama in Promoting Community Efficacy for HIV/Aids
A community-based cluster randomized control trial in a medium-sized municipality in Tanzania was designed to increase local competence to control HIV/AIDS through actions initiated by children and adolescents aged 10 to 14 years. Representative groups from the 15 treatment communities reached mutual understanding about their objectives as health agents, prioritized their actions, and skillfully applied community drama (“skits”) to impart knowled…
Using a multi-organization database: Research methods, strengths, and limitations
This paper describes the WFD Consulting multi-organization database and the methodology used by the five quantitative studies in this special issue to examine workplace flexibility (Hill & Civian, 2008). The database includes 72,161 responses representing 312,459 employees from 25 US organizations in five industries gathered from 1996 to 2006. These studies have an average response rate of 45%. First, an overview of the research questions is pres…
Transnational evaluation of the Sympathy for Violent Radicalization Scale: Measuring population attitudes toward violent radicalization in two countries
Countering violent radicalization is a priority in many countries, prompting research that assesses attitudes and beliefs about violent radicalization in the general population. The majority of violent radicalization assessments have been developed among specific populations, with limited investigation into the generalizability and cross-cultural applicability of measurement tools. A transcultural investigation raises questions about the implicit…
Conservation of Resources theory in the context of multiple roles: An analysis of within- and cross-role mediational pathways
Based on the Conservation of Resources theory, we used data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS I, 1995–1996; N=1779) to estimate by covariance structure analysis the direct and indirect effects of work and family demands, resources, and support on psychological distress. In a new application of the theory, we estimated six within-role mediational pathways linking work-related predictors to psychological di…
School and school activity schedules affect the quality of family relations: A Within-Couple Analysis
In this study, we focus on community resources – specifically, children's school and school activity schedules, or school resource fit (SRF) – as a contextual variable influencing family-role quality (FRQ) among employed parents of school-aged (grades K-12) children in a sample of 58 Boston-area couples (N=116). We found that SRF is a significant predictor of parent-role quality (PRQ) and marital-role quality (MRQ) for mothers, but not fathers. F…
The Making of the Liberal College: Alexander Meiklejohn at Amherst
As president of Amherst College from 1912 to 1923, noted educational reformer Alexander Meiklejohn designed and implemented a new curriculum and revitalized the teaching force of the school. At Amherst he helped to determine what the modern liberal arts college would be.' Although he brought new purpose to a campus that had fallen deep into the shadows of the burgeoning private and public universities of the late nineteenth century, Meiklejohn wa…
Gender and the relationship between job experiences and psychological distress: A study of dual-earner couples
Gender and the Relationship Between Marital-Role Quality and Psychological Distress: A Study of Women and Men in Dual-Earner Couples
In this paper, we estimate the association between marital-role quality and psychological distress in a sample of 300 full-time employed women and men in dual-earner couples. We control for such individual-level variables as age, education, occupational prestige, and job-role quality, and for such couple-level variables as length of marriage, parental status, and household income. We then compare the magnitude of this effect for men and for women…
Gender and the Relationship between Parent Role Quality and Psychological Distress: A Study of Men and Women in Dual-Earner Couples
The association between parent role quality and psychological distress is examined in a sample of 180 full-time employed dual-earner couples, controlling for such individual-level variables as age, education, occupational prestige, and marital quality and for such couple-level variables as length of marriage, household income, and number, ages, and sex of children. The magnitude of this effect is compared for men and for women. Results indicate t…
A multivariate hierarchical model for studying psychological change within married couples.
This article illustrates new statistical methods for the study of psychological change in married couples. The design involves time-series data on each partner. The analysis combines longitudinal methods for studies of individual change with cross-sectional methods for the study of matched pairs. Each person is viewed as changing over time as a function of an individual growth curve or change function. As in previous studies of individual change,…
The relationship between job experiences and psychological distress: A structural equation approach
Using structural equations, we estimated the relationship between employees' experiences of seven job conditions, that have been identified as potential job stressors, and psychological distress in a random sample of 504 full‐time employed men and women in dual‐earner couples. The seven job conditions were: skill discretion, decision authority, schedule control, job demands, pay adequacy, job security, and relations with supervisor. We found that…
Change in job and marital experiences and change in psychological distress: A longitudinal study of dual-earner couples
Are changes in job quality more closely linked to changes in distress for men than for women? Conversely, are changes in marital quality more closely linked to changes in distress for women than for men? These questions were addressed in a longitudinal analysis of a random sample of 210 full-time employed dual-earner couples. Change over time in job role quality was significantly associated with change over time in distress, and the magnitude of …
Change in job conditions, change in psychological distress, and gender: A longitudinal study of dual-earner couples
Building on the Job-Strain Theory, we estimated three relationships in a random sample of 201 full-time employed men and women in dual-earner couples interviewed three times over a 2-year period. We first estimated the main effects relationships between change over time in employees' experiences of job demands and job control and change over time in psychological distress. Then we estimated the interaction effects relationship of change in job de…
Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Girls' Pubertal Maturation: Results From the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
The goal of this study was to determine whether aspects of pubertal maturation vary across race/ethnicity. To this end, we investigated two components of pubertal maturation (i.e., onset of menarche and perceptions of pubertal timing) in a multiethnic, multisocioeconomic sample of urban adolescent girls (N = 866). There were 314 African American, 404 Latina, and 148 White adolescents across low, middle, and high socioeconomic status (SES) backgro…
When She Earns More Than He Does: A Longitudinal Study of Dual-Earner Couples
In a random sample of 286 full-time-employed dual-earner couples, we tested 3 competing hypotheses: when wives earn more than their husbands, (a) each partner's marital-role quality (MRQ) decreases; (b) his MRQ increases, whereas effects on her MRQ are mixed; and (c) relationships vary with gender-role beliefs (i.e., gender-role ideology and subjective rewards of salary). We conceptualized salary as a couple-level predictor with 4 components, 2 t…
Estimating Multi-Level Discrete-Time Hazard Models Using Cross-Sectional Data: Neighborhood Effects on the Onset of Adolescent Cigarette Use
Investigating the effects of social context (e.g., neighborhood or school context) on the timing of behaviors (such as cigarette use initiation) requires both multi-level modeling and eventhistory analysis, and often requires the construction of a retrospective person-period data set from cross-sectional data. In this article we describe procedures for constructing such a data set and discuss modeling strategies for estimating multi-level discret…
A Multilevel Study of Neighborhoods and Parent-to-Child Physical Aggression: Results From the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
The majority of children in the United States experience parent-to-child physical aggression (PCPA), a disciplinary strategy out of favor with many experts. Several decades of research have documented a link between community characteristics and severe child maltreatment. None have taken a multilevel approach to study whether neighborhoods affect the amount of corporal punishment and/or physical abuse used by individual families. Data for this ar…
Social capital and neighborhood mortality rates in Chicago
Individual and Crossover Effects of Work Schedule Fit: A Within-Couple Analysis
A couple-level analysis with a sample of 105 female reduced-hours physicians and their full-time-employed husbands found individual and spouse crossover effects: Each spouse's ratings of own schedule fit predict own job-role quality; wives' ratings of partner/family schedule fit predict their marital-role quality, with a similar trend for husbands; husbands' ratings of own schedule fit predict wives' marital-role quality; and husbands' ratings of…
Refining the measurement of exposure to violence (ETV) in urban youth
Correlational analysis, classical test theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and multilevel Rasch modeling were used to refine a measure of adolescents' exposure to violence (ETV). Interpersonal violence could be distinguished from other potentially traumatic events; it was also possible to distinguish three routes of exposure (victimization, witnessing, and learning of). Correlations confirmed that ETV subscales are related to measures of aggres…
Young Citizens as Health Agents: Use of Drama in Promoting Community Efficacy for HIV/Aids
A community-based cluster randomized control trial in a medium-sized municipality in Tanzania was designed to increase local competence to control HIV/AIDS through actions initiated by children and adolescents aged 10 to 14 years. Representative groups from the 15 treatment communities reached mutual understanding about their objectives as health agents, prioritized their actions, and skillfully applied community drama (“skits”) to impart knowled…
Wives' Shift Work Schedules and Husbands' and Wives' Well-Being in Dual-Earner Couples With Children: A Within-Couple Analysis
In a sample of 55 dual-earner families with children aged 8 to 14 in which the mothers are registered nurses regularly working either day shifts (typically 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) or evening shifts (typically 3:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.), we estimated the within-couple relationship between the wife's work variables (i.e., work shift, work hours, and the interaction between work shift and work hours) and each spouse's work-family conflict, psychologic…
Using a multi-organization database: Research methods, strengths, and limitations
This paper describes the WFD Consulting multi-organization database and the methodology used by the five quantitative studies in this special issue to examine workplace flexibility (Hill & Civian, 2008). The database includes 72,161 responses representing 312,459 employees from 25 US organizations in five industries gathered from 1996 to 2006. These studies have an average response rate of 45%. First, an overview of the research questions is pres…
The relationship of perceived flexibility, supportive work-life policies, and use of formal flexible arrangements and occasional flexibility to employee engagement and expected retention
This study examines the relationship of perceived workplace flexibility and supportive work–life policies to employee engagement and expectations to remain with the organization (expected retention). It also explores the association of formal and occasional (informal) use of flexibility with these outcomes. Data are from a multi-organization database created by WFD Consulting of studies conducted between 1996 and 2006. Results revealed that perce…
Exploring the relationship of workplace flexibility, gender, and life stage to family-to-work conflict, and stress and burnout
This study explores how the reported use and perceived value of five workplace flexibility options differ by gender and life stage. It also examines the relationship of perceived workplace flexibility, gender, and life stages to family-to-work conflict and stress and burnout. Data are from a multi-company database created by WFD Consulting containing the results of studies conducted in multiple organizations between 1996 and 2006. Results reveale…
Reconsidering work time: A Multivariate Longitudinal Within-Couple Analysis
Dual-earner couples now work significantly more hours than in the past, but few couple-level studies examine whether work hours are linked to mental health and quality-of-life outcomes. In 2001, Jacobs and Gerson proposed that combined spouse work hours would better predict outcomes than would spouses' individual work hours. Longitudinal data from a random sample of 211 dual-earner couples with children partially support this hypothesis. Our find…
Sierra Leone’s Former Child Soldiers: A Follow-Up Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration
This is the first prospective study to investigate psychosocial adjustment in male and female former child soldiers (ages 10–18; n = 156, 12% female). The study began in Sierra Leone in 2002 and was designed to examine both risk and protective factors in psychosocial adjustment. Over the 2-year period of follow-up, youth who had wounded or killed others during the war demonstrated increases in hostility. Youth who survived rape not only had highe…
School and school activity schedules affect the quality of family relations: A Within-Couple Analysis
In this study, we focus on community resources – specifically, children's school and school activity schedules, or school resource fit (SRF) – as a contextual variable influencing family-role quality (FRQ) among employed parents of school-aged (grades K-12) children in a sample of 58 Boston-area couples (N=116). We found that SRF is a significant predictor of parent-role quality (PRQ) and marital-role quality (MRQ) for mothers, but not fathers. F…
Conservation of Resources theory in the context of multiple roles: An analysis of within- and cross-role mediational pathways
Based on the Conservation of Resources theory, we used data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS I, 1995–1996; N=1779) to estimate by covariance structure analysis the direct and indirect effects of work and family demands, resources, and support on psychological distress. In a new application of the theory, we estimated six within-role mediational pathways linking work-related predictors to psychological di…
Enhancing adolescent self-efficacy and collective efficacy through public engagement around HIV/Aids competence: A multilevel, cluster randomized-controlled trial
Psychology (27 works) · Clinical Psychology (15 works) · Developmental psychology (15 works) · Medicine (15 works) · Mental health (13 works) · Psychiatry (12 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Work-Family Balance Challenges (11 works) · Distress (10 works) · Sociology (10 works)